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Gin 是一个 go 写的 web 框架,具有高性能的优点。
官方地址:https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin
要安装Gin包,首先需要安装Go并设置Go工作区
1、下载并安装
$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
2、在代码中导入它
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
使用包管理工具Govendor安装
1、go get govendor(安装)
$ go get github.com/kardianos/govendor
2、创建项目文件夹并进入文件夹
GOPATH/src/github.com/myusername/project && cd "$_"
3、初始化项目并添加 gin
$ govendor init
$ govendor fetch github.com/gin-gonic/gin@v1.3
4、复制一个模板到你的项目
$ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/gin/master/examples/basic/main.go > main.go
5、运行项目
$ go run main.go
使用gin需要Go的版本号为1.6或更高
运行这段代码并在浏览器中访问 http://localhost:8080
package main
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"message": "pong",
})
})
r.Run() // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
}
func main() { // Disable Console Color // gin.DisableConsoleColor() // 使用默认中间件创建一个gin路由器 // logger and recovery (crash-free) 中间件 router := gin.Default() router.GET("/someGet", getting) router.POST("/somePost", posting) router.PUT("/somePut", putting) router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting) router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching) router.HEAD("/someHead", head) router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options) // 默认启动的是 8080端口,也可以自己定义启动端口 router.Run() // router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port }
func main() { router := gin.Default() // 此规则能够匹配/user/john这种格式,但不能匹配/user/ 或 /user这种格式 router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) { name := c.Param("name") c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name) }) // 但是,这个规则既能匹配/user/john/格式也能匹配/user/john/send这种格式 // 如果没有其他路由器匹配/user/john,它将重定向到/user/john/ router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) { name := c.Param("name") action := c.Param("action") message := name + " is " + action c.String(http.StatusOK, message) }) router.Run(":8080") }
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// 匹配的url格式: /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
lastname := c.Query("lastname") // 是 c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname") 的简写
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
func main() { router := gin.Default() router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) { message := c.PostForm("message") nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous") // 此方法可以设置默认值 c.JSON(200, gin.H{ "status": "posted", "message": message, "nick": nick, }) }) router.Run(":8080") }
示例: POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded name=manu&message=this_is_great func main() { router := gin.Default() router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) { id := c.Query("id") page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0") name := c.PostForm("name") message := c.PostForm("message") fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message) }) router.Run(":8080") } 结果:id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great
慎用 file.Filename ,参考 Content-Disposition on MDN 和 #1693
func main() { router := gin.Default() // 给表单限制上传大小 (默认 32 MiB) // router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) { // 单文件 file, _ := c.FormFile("file") log.Println(file.Filename) // 上传文件到指定的路径 // c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst) c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename)) }) router.Run(":8080") } curl 测试: curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \ -F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \ -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
func main() { router := gin.Default() // 给表单限制上传大小 (默认 32 MiB) // router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) { // 多文件 form, _ := c.MultipartForm() files := form.File["upload[]"] for _, file := range files { log.Println(file.Filename) // 上传文件到指定的路径 // c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst) } c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files))) }) router.Run(":8080") } curl 测试: curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \ -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \ -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \ -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
func main() { router := gin.Default() // Simple group: v1 v1 := router.Group("/v1") { v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint) v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint) v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint) } // Simple group: v2 v2 := router.Group("/v2") { v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint) v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint) v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint) } router.Run(":8080") }
r := gin.New()
// 默认启动方式,包含 Logger、Recovery 中间件
r := gin.Default()
func main() { // 创建一个不包含中间件的路由器 r := gin.New() // 全局中间件 // 使用 Logger 中间件 r.Use(gin.Logger()) // 使用 Recovery 中间件 r.Use(gin.Recovery()) // 路由添加中间件,可以添加任意多个 r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint) // 路由组中添加中间件 // authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired()) // exactly the same as: authorized := r.Group("/") // per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created // AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group. authorized.Use(AuthRequired()) { authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint) authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint) authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint) // nested group testing := authorized.Group("testing") testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint) } // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 r.Run(":8080") }
func main() { // 禁用控制台颜色 gin.DisableConsoleColor() // 创建记录日志的文件 f, _ := os.Create("gin.log") gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f) // 如果需要将日志同时写入文件和控制台,请使用以下代码 // gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout) router := gin.Default() router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) { c.String(200, "pong") }) router.Run(":8080") }
func main() { router := gin.New() // LoggerWithFormatter 中间件会将日志写入 gin.DefaultWriter // By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout router.Use(gin.LoggerWithFormatter(func(param gin.LogFormatterParams) string { // 你的自定义格式 return fmt.Sprintf("%s - [%s] \"%s %s %s %d %s \"%s\" %s\"\n", param.ClientIP, param.TimeStamp.Format(time.RFC1123), param.Method, param.Path, param.Request.Proto, param.StatusCode, param.Latency, param.Request.UserAgent(), param.ErrorMessage, ) })) router.Use(gin.Recovery()) router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) { c.String(200, "pong") }) router.Run(":8080") } 输出示例: ::1 - [Fri, 07 Dec 2018 17:04:38 JST] "GET /ping HTTP/1.1 200 122.767µs "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.80 Safari/537.36" "
若要将请求主体绑定到结构体中,请使用模型绑定,目前支持JSON、XML、YAML和标准表单值(foo=bar&boo=baz)的绑定。
Gin使用 go-playground/validator.v8 验证参数,查看完整文档。
需要在绑定的字段上设置tag,比如,绑定格式为json,需要这样设置 json:"fieldname"
。
此外,Gin还提供了两套绑定方法:
Must bind
Methods - Bind
, BindJSON
, BindXML
, BindQuery
, BindYAML
Behavior - 这些方法底层使用 MustBindWith
,如果存在绑定错误,请求将被以下指令中止
c.AbortWithError(400,err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind)
,响应状态代码会被设置为400,请求头Content-Type
被设置为text/plain; charset=utf-8
。注意,如果你试图在此之后设置响应代码,将会发出一个警告[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422
,如果你希望更好地控制行为,请使用ShouldBind
相关的方法
Should bind
Methods - ShouldBind
, ShouldBindJSON
, ShouldBindXML
, ShouldBindQuery
, ShouldBindYAML
Behavior - 这些方法底层使用 ShouldBindWith
,如果存在绑定错误,则返回错误,开发人员可以正确处理请求和错误。
当我们使用绑定方法时,Gin会根据Content-Type
推断出使用哪种绑定器,如果你确定你绑定的是什么,你可以使用MustBindWith
或者BindingWith
。
你还可以给字段指定特定规则的修饰符,如果一个字段用binding:"required"
修饰,并且在绑定时该字段的值为空,那么将返回一个错误。
// 绑定为json type Login struct { User string `form:"user" json:"user" xml:"user" binding:"required"` Password string `form:"password" json:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"` } func main() { router := gin.Default() // Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"}) router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) { var json Login if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil { c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()}) return } if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" { c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"}) return } c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"}) }) // Example for binding XML ( // <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> // <root> // <user>user</user> // <password>123</password> // </root>) router.POST("/loginXML", func(c *gin.Context) { var xml Login if err := c.ShouldBindXML(&xml); err != nil { c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()}) return } if xml.User != "manu" || xml.Password != "123" { c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"}) return } c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"}) }) // Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123) router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) { var form Login // This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header. if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil { c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()}) return } if form.User != "manu" || form.Password != "123" { c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"}) return } c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"}) }) // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 router.Run(":8080") } 请求示例: $ curl -v -X POST \ http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \ -H 'content-type: application/json' \ -d '{ "user": "manu" }' > POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1 > Host: localhost:8080 > User-Agent: curl/7.51.0 > Accept: */* > content-type: application/json > Content-Length: 18 > * upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes < HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request < Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 < Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT < Content-Length: 100 < {"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"}
当使用上面的curl命令运行上面的示例时,返回错误,因为示例中Password
字段使用了binding:"required"
,如果我们使用binding:"-"
,那么它就不会报错。
Gin允许我们自定义参数验证器,参考
package main import ( "net/http" "reflect" "time" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding" "gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v8" ) // Booking contains binded and validated data. type Booking struct { CheckIn time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"` CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"` } func bookableDate( v *validator.Validate, topStruct reflect.Value, currentStructOrField reflect.Value, field reflect.Value, fieldType reflect.Type, fieldKind reflect.Kind, param string, ) bool { if date, ok := field.Interface().(time.Time); ok { today := time.Now() if today.Year() > date.Year() || today.YearDay() > date.YearDay() { return false } } return true } func main() { route := gin.Default() if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok { v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate) } route.GET("/bookable", getBookable) route.Run(":8085") } func getBookable(c *gin.Context) { var b Booking if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil { c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"}) } else { c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()}) } } $ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2018-04-16&check_out=2018-04-17" {"message":"Booking dates are valid!"} $ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2018-03-08&check_out=2018-03-09" {"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}
ShouldBindQuery
函数只绑定Get参数,不绑定post数据,查看详细信息
package main import ( "log" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" ) type Person struct { Name string `form:"name"` Address string `form:"address"` } func main() { route := gin.Default() route.Any("/testing", startPage) route.Run(":8085") } func startPage(c *gin.Context) { var person Person if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil { log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======") log.Println(person.Name) log.Println(person.Address) } c.String(200, "Success") }
查看详细信息,这个例子很有用,可以自己实践一下
package main import ( "log" "time" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" ) type Person struct { Name string `form:"name"` Address string `form:"address"` Birthday time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"` } func main() { route := gin.Default() route.GET("/testing", startPage) route.Run(":8085") } func startPage(c *gin.Context) { var person Person // If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used. // 如果是Get,那么接收不到请求中的Post的数据?? // 如果是Post, 首先判断 `content-type` 的类型 `JSON` or `XML`, 然后使用对应的绑定器获取数据. // See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L48 if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil { log.Println(person.Name) log.Println(person.Address) log.Println(person.Birthday) } c.String(200, "Success") }
package main import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" type Person struct { ID string `uri:"id" binding:"required,uuid"` Name string `uri:"name" binding:"required"` } func main() { route := gin.Default() route.GET("/:name/:id", func(c *gin.Context) { var person Person if err := c.ShouldBindUri(&person); err != nil { c.JSON(400, gin.H{"msg": err}) return } c.JSON(200, gin.H{"name": person.Name, "uuid": person.ID}) }) route.Run(":8088") } 测试用例: $ curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/987fbc97-4bed-5078-9f07-9141ba07c9f3 $ curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/not-uuid
main.go ... type myForm struct { Colors []string `form:"colors[]"` } ... func formHandler(c *gin.Context) { var fakeForm myForm c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm) c.JSON(200, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors}) } ... form.html <form action="/" method="POST"> <p>Check some colors</p> <label for="red">Red</label> <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="red" id="red"> <label for="green">Green</label> <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="green" id="green"> <label for="blue">Blue</label> <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="blue" id="blue"> <input type="submit"> </form> result: {"color":["red","green","blue"]}
package main import ( "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" ) type LoginForm struct { User string `form:"user" binding:"required"` Password string `form:"password" binding:"required"` } func main() { router := gin.Default() router.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) { // you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration: // c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form) // or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method: var form LoginForm // in this case proper binding will be automatically selected if c.ShouldBind(&form) == nil { if form.User == "user" && form.Password == "password" { c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"}) } else { c.JSON(401, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"}) } } }) router.Run(":8080") } 测试用例: $ curl -v --form user=user --form password=password http://localhost:8080/login
即接口返回的数据格式
func main() { r := gin.Default() // gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{} r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) { c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK}) }) r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) { // You also can use a struct var msg struct { Name string `json:"user"` Message string Number int } msg.Name = "Lena" msg.Message = "hey" msg.Number = 123 // Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON // Will output : {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123} c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg) }) r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) { c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK}) }) r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) { c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK}) }) r.GET("/someProtoBuf", func(c *gin.Context) { reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)} label := "test" // The specific definition of protobuf is written in the testdata/protoexample file. data := &protoexample.Test{ Label: &label, Reps: reps, } // Note that data becomes binary data in the response // Will output protoexample.Test protobuf serialized data c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data) }) // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 r.Run(":8080") }
使用SecureJSON可以防止json劫持,如果返回的数据是数组,则会默认在返回值前加上"while(1)"
func main() { r := gin.Default() // 可以自定义返回的json数据前缀 // r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n") r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) { names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"} // 将会输出: while(1);["lena","austin","foo"] c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names) }) // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 r.Run(":8080") }
使用JSONP可以跨域传输,如果参数中存在回调参数,那么返回的参数将是回调函数的形式
func main() { r := gin.Default() r.GET("/JSONP", func(c *gin.Context) { data := map[string]interface{}{ "foo": "bar", } // 访问 http://localhost:8080/JSONP?callback=call // 将会输出: call({foo:"bar"}) c.JSONP(http.StatusOK, data) }) // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 r.Run(":8080") }
使用AsciiJSON将使特殊字符编码
func main() { r := gin.Default() r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) { data := map[string]interface{}{ "lang": "GO语言", "tag": "<br>", } // 将输出: {"lang":"GO\u8bed\u8a00","tag":"\u003cbr\u003e"} c.AsciiJSON(http.StatusOK, data) }) // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 r.Run(":8080") }
通常情况下,JSON会将特殊的HTML字符替换为对应的unicode字符,比如<替换为\u003c
,如果想原样输出html,则使用PureJSON,这个特性在Go 1.6及以下版本中无法使用。
func main() { r := gin.Default() // Serves unicode entities r.GET("/json", func(c *gin.Context) { c.JSON(200, gin.H{ "html": "<b>Hello, world!</b>", }) }) // Serves literal characters r.GET("/purejson", func(c *gin.Context) { c.PureJSON(200, gin.H{ "html": "<b>Hello, world!</b>", }) }) // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 r.Run(":8080") }
访问静态文件需要先设置路径
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
router.Run(":8080")
}
func main() { router := gin.Default() router.GET("/someDataFromReader", func(c *gin.Context) { response, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png") if err != nil || response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK { c.Status(http.StatusServiceUnavailable) return } reader := response.Body contentLength := response.ContentLength contentType := response.Header.Get("Content-Type") extraHeaders := map[string]string{ "Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`, } c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders) }) router.Run(":8080") }
使用LoadHTMLGlob()
或者 LoadHTMLFiles()
func main() { router := gin.Default() router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*") //router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html") router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) { c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{ "title": "Main website", }) }) router.Run(":8080") } templates/index.tmpl <html> <h1> {{ .title }} </h1> </html> 在不同目录中使用具有相同名称的模板 func main() { router := gin.Default() router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*") router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) { c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{ "title": "Posts", }) }) router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) { c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{ "title": "Users", }) }) router.Run(":8080") } templates/posts/index.tmpl {{ define "posts/index.tmpl" }} <html><h1> {{ .title }} </h1> <p>Using posts/index.tmpl</p> </html> {{ end }} templates/users/index.tmpl {{ define "users/index.tmpl" }} <html><h1> {{ .title }} </h1> <p>Using users/index.tmpl</p> </html> {{ end }}
import "html/template"
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
router.Run(":8080")
}
r := gin.Default()
r.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates")
main.go import ( "fmt" "html/template" "net/http" "time" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" ) func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string { year, month, day := t.Date() return fmt.Sprintf("%d%02d/%02d", year, month, day) } func main() { router := gin.Default() router.Delims("{[{", "}]}") router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{ "formatAsDate": formatAsDate, }) router.LoadHTMLFiles("./testdata/template/raw.tmpl") router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) { c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", map[string]interface{}{ "now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), }) }) router.Run(":8080") } raw.tmpl 然后就可以在html中直接使用formatAsDate函数了 Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]} Result: Date: 2017/07/01
Gin默认情况下只允许使用一个html模板文件(即一次可以加载多个模板文件),点击这里查看实现案例
发布HTTP重定向很容易,支持内部和外部链接
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
})
Gin路由重定向,使用如下的HandleContext
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2"
r.HandleContext(c)
})
r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"hello": "world"})
})
func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc { return func(c *gin.Context) { t := time.Now() // Set example variable c.Set("example", "12345") // before request c.Next() // after request latency := time.Since(t) log.Print(latency) // access the status we are sending status := c.Writer.Status() log.Println(status) } } func main() { r := gin.New() r.Use(Logger()) r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) { example := c.MustGet("example").(string) // it would print: "12345" log.Println(example) }) // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 r.Run(":8080") }
// simulate some private data var secrets = gin.H{ "foo": gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"}, "austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"}, "lena": gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"}, } func main() { r := gin.Default() // Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware // gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{ "foo": "bar", "austin": "1234", "lena": "hello2", "manu": "4321", })) // /admin/secrets endpoint // hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) { // get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string) if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok { c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret}) } else { c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("}) } }) // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 r.Run(":8080") }
在中间件或处理程序中启动新的Goroutines时,你不应该使用其中的原始上下文,你必须使用只读副本(c.Copy()
)
func main() { r := gin.Default() r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) { // 创建要在goroutine中使用的副本 cCp := c.Copy() go func() { // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds time.Sleep(5 * time.Second) // 这里使用你创建的副本 log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path) }() }) r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) { // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds time.Sleep(5 * time.Second) // 这里没有使用goroutine,所以不用使用副本 log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path) }) // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 r.Run(":8080") }
直接像这样使用`http.ListenAndServe()` func main() { router := gin.Default() http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router) } 或者 func main() { router := gin.Default() s := &http.Server{ Addr: ":8080", Handler: router, ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second, WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second, MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20, } s.ListenAndServe() }
1行代码实现LetsEncrypt HTTPS服务器
package main import ( "log" "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" ) func main() { r := gin.Default() // Ping handler r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) { c.String(200, "pong") }) log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com")) }
自定义autocert管理器的示例
package main import ( "log" "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" "golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert" ) func main() { r := gin.Default() // Ping handler r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) { c.String(200, "pong") }) m := autocert.Manager{ Prompt: autocert.AcceptTOS, HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"), Cache: autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"), } log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m)) }
请参阅问题并尝试以下示例
package main import ( "log" "net/http" "time" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" "golang.org/x/sync/errgroup" ) var ( g errgroup.Group ) func router01() http.Handler { e := gin.New() e.Use(gin.Recovery()) e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { c.JSON( http.StatusOK, gin.H{ "code": http.StatusOK, "error": "Welcome server 01", }, ) }) return e } func router02() http.Handler { e := gin.New() e.Use(gin.Recovery()) e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { c.JSON( http.StatusOK, gin.H{ "code": http.StatusOK, "error": "Welcome server 02", }, ) }) return e } func main() { server01 := &http.Server{ Addr: ":8080", Handler: router01(), ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second, WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second, } server02 := &http.Server{ Addr: ":8081", Handler: router02(), ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second, WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second, } g.Go(func() error { return server01.ListenAndServe() }) g.Go(func() error { return server02.ListenAndServe() }) if err := g.Wait(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } }
想要优雅地重启或停止你的Web服务器,使用下面的方法
我们可以使用fvbock/endless
来替换默认的ListenAndServe
,有关详细信息,请参阅问题#296
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/", handler)
// [...]
endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router)
一个替换方案
如果你的Go版本是1.8,你可能不需要使用这个库,考虑使用http.Server内置的Shutdown()
方法进行优雅关闭
package main import ( "context" "log" "net/http" "os" "os/signal" "time" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" ) func main() { router := gin.Default() router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { time.Sleep(5 * time.Second) c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server") }) srv := &http.Server{ Addr: ":8080", Handler: router, } go func() { // service connections if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed { log.Fatalf("listen: %s\n", err) } }() // Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with // a timeout of 5 seconds. quit := make(chan os.Signal) signal.Notify(quit, os.Interrupt) <-quit log.Println("Shutdown Server ...") ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second) defer cancel() if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil { log.Fatal("Server Shutdown:", err) } log.Println("Server exiting") }
你可以使用go-assets将服务器构建成一个包含模板的二进制文件
func main() { r := gin.New() t, err := loadTemplate() if err != nil { panic(err) } r.SetHTMLTemplate(t) r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "/html/index.tmpl",nil) }) r.Run(":8080") } // loadTemplate loads templates embedded by go-assets-builder func loadTemplate() (*template.Template, error) { t := template.New("") for name, file := range Assets.Files { if file.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(name, ".tmpl") { continue } h, err := ioutil.ReadAll(file) if err != nil { return nil, err } t, err = t.New(name).Parse(string(h)) if err != nil { return nil, err } } return t, nil }
请参见examples/assets-in-binary
目录中的例子
以下示例使用自定义结构
type StructA struct { FieldA string `form:"field_a"` } type StructB struct { NestedStruct StructA FieldB string `form:"field_b"` } type StructC struct { NestedStructPointer *StructA FieldC string `form:"field_c"` } type StructD struct { NestedAnonyStruct struct { FieldX string `form:"field_x"` } FieldD string `form:"field_d"` } func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) { var b StructB c.Bind(&b) c.JSON(200, gin.H{ "a": b.NestedStruct, "b": b.FieldB, }) } func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) { var b StructC c.Bind(&b) c.JSON(200, gin.H{ "a": b.NestedStructPointer, "c": b.FieldC, }) } func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) { var b StructD c.Bind(&b) c.JSON(200, gin.H{ "x": b.NestedAnonyStruct, "d": b.FieldD, }) } func main() { r := gin.Default() r.GET("/getb", GetDataB) r.GET("/getc", GetDataC) r.GET("/getd", GetDataD) r.Run() } 运行示例: $ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world" {"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"} $ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world" {"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"} $ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world" {"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}} 注意:不支持以下样式结构 type StructX struct { X struct {} `form:"name_x"` // HERE have form } type StructY struct { Y StructX `form:"name_y"` // HERE have form } type StructZ struct { Z *StructZ `form:"name_z"` // HERE have form }
总之,现在只支持现在没有form标签的自定义结构
绑定请求体的常规方法使用c.Request.Body
,并且不能多次调用
type formA struct { Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"` } type formB struct { Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"` } func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) { objA := formA{} objB := formB{} // This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused. if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil { c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`) // Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now. } else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil { c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`) } else { ... } }
同样,你能使用c.ShouldBindBodyWith
func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) { objA := formA{} objB := formB{} // This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context. if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.JSON); errA == nil { c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`) // At this time, it reuses body stored in the context. } else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil { c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`) // And it can accepts other formats } else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil { c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`) } else { ... } }
c.ShouldBindBodyWith
在绑定之前将body存储到上下文中,这对性能有轻微影响,因此如果你要立即调用,则不应使用此方法
此功能仅适用于这些格式 – JSON
, XML
, MsgPack
,ProtoBuf
。对于其他格式,Query
, Form
, FormPost
, FormMultipart
, 可以被c.ShouldBind()
多次调用而不影响性能(参考 #1341)
http.Pusher
只支持Go 1.8或更高版本
package main import ( "html/template" "log" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" ) var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(` <html> <head> <title>Https Test</title> <script src="/assets/app.js"></script> </head> <body> <h1 style="color:red;">Welcome, Ginner!</h1> </body> </html> `)) func main() { r := gin.Default() r.Static("/assets", "./assets") r.SetHTMLTemplate(html) r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil { // use pusher.Push() to do server push if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil { log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err) } } c.HTML(200, "https", gin.H{ "status": "success", }) }) // Listen and Server in https://127.0.0.1:8080 r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key") }
默认的路由日志是这样的:
[GIN-debug] POST /foo --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET /bar --> main.main.func2 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET /status --> main.main.func3 (3 handlers)
如果你想以给定的格式记录这些信息(例如 JSON,键值对或其他格式),你可以使用gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc
来定义格式,在下面的示例中,我们使用标准日志包记录路由日志,你可以使用其他适合你需求的日志工具
import ( "log" "net/http" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" ) func main() { r := gin.Default() gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc = func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int) { log.Printf("endpoint %v %v %v %v\n", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers) } r.POST("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) { c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "foo") }) r.GET("/bar", func(c *gin.Context) { c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "bar") }) r.GET("/status", func(c *gin.Context) { c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "ok") }) // Listen and Server in http://0.0.0.0:8080 r.Run() }
import ( "fmt" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" ) func main() { router := gin.Default() router.GET("/cookie", func(c *gin.Context) { cookie, err := c.Cookie("gin_cookie") if err != nil { cookie = "NotSet" c.SetCookie("gin_cookie", "test", 3600, "/", "localhost", false, true) } fmt.Printf("Cookie value: %s \n", cookie) }) router.Run() }
net/http/httptest
包是http测试的首选方式
package main
func setupRouter() *gin.Engine {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(200, "pong")
})
return r
}
func main() {
r := setupRouter()
r.Run(":8080")
}
测试上面的示例代码
package main import ( "net/http" "net/http/httptest" "testing" "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert" ) func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) { router := setupRouter() w := httptest.NewRecorder() req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/ping", nil) router.ServeHTTP(w, req) assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code) assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String()) }
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