Flask response 响应对象和make_response()方法

作者：知新_RL | 2024-04-13 04:13:52

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make_response

Flask视图函数返回的不仅仅是字符串，而是会对返回值进行一些列的封装，变成一个response响应对象


app.route("/hello")
def hello():
    # status 200,404,301
    # content-type http headers
    # content-type = text/html
    # Response
    return "*******"

如果视图函数单纯返回"****"的字符串的话，flask会自动进行一些封装让他变成浏览器可以读取的格式，也就是content-type = text/html，状态码为200。

我们可以使用Flask提供的make_response 方法来自定义自己的response对象


app.route("/hello")
def hello():
    # status 200,404,301
    # content-type http headers
    # content-type = text/html
    # Response
    headers = {
        'content-type':'text/plain'
    }
    # 使浏览器识别返回内容为字符串而不是html
    response = make_response("<html></html>",404)
    response.headers = headers
    
    return response

make_response()方法说明

1.返回内容


from flask import make_response
 
@blue.route('/makeresponse/')
def make_response_function():
    response = make_response('<h2>羞羞哒</h2>')
    return response, 404

2.返回页面


from flask import make_response
 
@blue.route('/makeresponse/')
def make_response_function():
    temp = render_template('hello.html')
    response = make_response(temp)
    return response

>>>注意：make_response 想要返回页面，不能直接写做：make_response('hello.html')，必须用render_template('hello.html')形式。

3.返回状态码

>>>方式一：在make_response()中传入状态码


from flask import make_response
 
@blue.route('/makeresponse/')
def make_response_function():
    temp = render_template('hello.html')
    response = make_response(temp, 200)
    return response

>>>方式二：直接return状态码


from flask import make_response
 
@blue.route('/makeresponse/')
def make_response_function():
    temp = render_template('hello.html')
    response = make_response(temp)
    return response, 200

官方文档

make_response(rv)¶

Convert the return value from a view function to an instance of response_class.

Parameters

rv –

the return value from the view function. The view function must return a response. Returning None, or the view ending without returning, is not allowed. The following types are allowed for view_rv:

str (unicode in Python 2) 可以传入一个字符串对象，它将被编码为UTF-8并被显示在body中

A response object is created with the string encoded to UTF-8 as the body.

bytes (str in Python 2)

A response object is created with the bytes as the body.

dict 也可以传入一个字典类型的对象，它将被先变成json格式再返回

A dictionary that will be jsonify’d before being returned.

tuple 也可以传入一个元组，包含两个或者三个元素，分别是body内容，status状态码，headers响应头（字典类型）

Either (body, status, headers), (body, status), or (body, headers), where body is any of the other types allowed here, status is a string or an integer, and headers is a dictionary or a list of (key, value) tuples. If body is a response_class instance, status overwrites the exiting value and headers are extended.

这里的元组的意思是我们可以再函数中直接通过return来返回这三个或者两个对象，而不需要使用make_response()方法，Flask会自动进行识别和封装。

例：


app.route("/hello")
def hello():
 
    headers = {
        'content-type':'text/plain'
    }
    # 使浏览器识别返回内容为字符串而不是html
       
    return "<html></html>",404,headers

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