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输入是手写数字图片28x28,输出是10个分类0~9,有两个隐藏层,如下图所示:
第一层将784降维到200,第二次使用200不降维,输出层200降维到10,每一层之后加一个激活函数relu,每一层都需要梯度信息所以requires_grad=True;
forward函数最后不要加softmax,因为后面CrossEntropyLoss中包含了softmax操作。
优化目标是w1、b1、w2、b2、w3、b3,使用SGD优化器,使用CrossEntropyLoss计算loss
import torch import torch.nn as nn import torch.nn.functional as F import torch.optim as optim from torchvision import datasets, transforms batch_size=200 learning_rate=0.01 epochs=10 train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader( datasets.MNIST('../data', train=True, download=True, transform=transforms.Compose([ transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,)) ])), batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True) test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader( datasets.MNIST('../data', train=False, transform=transforms.Compose([ transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,)) ])), batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True) w1, b1 = torch.randn(200, 784, requires_grad=True),\ torch.zeros(200, requires_grad=True) w2, b2 = torch.randn(200, 200, requires_grad=True),\ torch.zeros(200, requires_grad=True) w3, b3 = torch.randn(10, 200, requires_grad=True),\ torch.zeros(10, requires_grad=True) # torch.nn.init.kaiming_normal_(w1) # torch.nn.init.kaiming_normal_(w2) # torch.nn.init.kaiming_normal_(w3) def forward(x): x = x@w1.t() + b1 x = F.relu(x) x = x@w2.t() + b2 x = F.relu(x) x = x@w3.t() + b3 x = F.relu(x) return x optimizer = optim.SGD([w1, b1, w2, b2, w3, b3], lr=learning_rate) criteon = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() for epoch in range(epochs): for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader): data = data.view(-1, 28*28) logits = forward(data) loss = criteon(logits, target) optimizer.zero_grad() loss.backward() # print(w1.grad.norm(), w2.grad.norm()) optimizer.step() if batch_idx % 100 == 0: print('Train Epoch: {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)]\tLoss: {:.6f}'.format( epoch, batch_idx * len(data), len(train_loader.dataset), 100. * batch_idx / len(train_loader), loss.item())) test_loss = 0 correct = 0 for data, target in test_loader: data = data.view(-1, 28 * 28) logits = forward(data) test_loss += criteon(logits, target).item() pred = logits.data.max(1)[1] correct += pred.eq(target.data).sum() test_loss /= len(test_loader.dataset) print('\nTest set: Average loss: {:.4f}, Accuracy: {}/{} ({:.0f}%)\n'.format( test_loss, correct, len(test_loader.dataset), 100. * correct / len(test_loader.dataset)))
如下图:
未使用torch.nn.init.kaiming_normal_(w1)初始化参数的情况,可以看出Loss在2.302585后就不下降了。
如下图:使用了torch.nn.init.kaiming_normal_(w1)初始化参数的情况下,Loss下降还是比较快的。
因此使用好的初始化参数对网络的训练起到至关重要的作用
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