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UIAutomation 自动化

作者：知新_RL | 2024-04-23 22:47:50

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uiautomation

Introduction

UI Automation是Microsoft .NET 3.0框架下提供的一种用于自动化测试的技术，是在MSAA基础上建立的，MSAA就是Microsoft Active Accessibility。UI Automation在某些方面超过了MSAA，UI自动化提供了Windows Vista中，微软Windows XP的全部功能，和Windows Server 2003。

在UI Automation中，所有的窗体、控件都表现为一个AutomationElement， AutomationElement 中包含此控件或窗体的属性，在实现自动化的过程中，我们通过其相关属性进行对控件自动化操作。对于UI用户界面来说，所有显示在桌面上的UI，其实际是一个UI Tree，根节点是desktop。我们可以使用UI Spy或者是SPY++来获得Window和Control的相关信息。在UI Automation里，根节点表示为AutomationElemnet.RootElement. 通过根节点，我们可以通过窗体或控件的Process Id、Process Name或者Window Name找到相应的子AutomationElement，例如Dialog、Button、TextBox、Checkbox等标准控件，通过控件所对应的Pattern进行相关的操作。

UI Automation structure

如下图所示：

1．在服务端由UIAutomationProvider.dll和UIAutomationTypes.dll提供。

2．在客户端由UIAutomationClient.dll和UIAutomationTypes.dll提供。

3． UIAutomationCore.dll为UI自动化的核心部分，负责Server端和Client端的交互。

4． UIAUtomationClientSideProvides.dll为客户端程序提供自动化支持。

使用UI Automation实现自动化测试--2

本文通过一个实例来介绍怎样使用UI Automation实现软件的自动化测试。

1. 首先建立一个待测试的winform程序，即UI Automation的服务端。

下面是button事件处理程序。

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

int i = int.Parse(textBox1.Text);

int j = int.Parse(textBox2.Text);

textBox3.Text = (i + j).ToString();

}

2. 建立一个测试程序，做UI Automaion的客户端。

添加引用：UIAutomationClient.dll 和 UIAutomationTypes.dll

using System.Diagnostics;

using System.Threading;

using System.Windows.Automation.Provider;

using System.Windows.Automation.Text;

using System.Windows.Automation;

namespace UIAutomationTest

{

class Program

{

static void Main(string[] args)

{

try

{

Console.WriteLine("\nBegin WinForm UIAutomation test run\n");

// launch Form1 application

// get refernce to main Form control

// get references to user controls

// manipulate application

// check resulting state and determine pass/fail

Console.WriteLine("\nBegin WinForm UIAutomation test run\n");

Console.WriteLine("Launching WinFormTest application");

//启动被测试的程序

Process p = Process.Start(@"E:\Project\WinFormTest\WinFormTest\bin\Debug\WinFormTest.exe");

//自动化根元素

AutomationElement aeDeskTop = AutomationElement.RootElement;

Thread.Sleep(2000);

AutomationElement aeForm = AutomationElement.FromHandle(p.MainWindowHandle);

//获得对主窗体对象的引用，该对象实际上就是 Form1 应用程序(方法一)

//if (null == aeForm)

//{

// Console.WriteLine("Can not find the WinFormTest from.");

//}

//获得对主窗体对象的引用，该对象实际上就是 Form1 应用程序(方法二)

int numWaits = 0;

{

Console.WriteLine("Looking for WinFormTest……");

//查找第一个自动化元素

aeForm = aeDeskTop.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(

AutomationElement.NameProperty, "Form1"));

++numWaits;

Thread.Sleep(100);

} while (null == aeForm && numWaits < 50);

if (null == aeForm)

throw new NullReferenceException("Failed to find WinFormTest.");

else

Console.WriteLine("Found it!");

Console.WriteLine("Finding all user controls");

//找到第一次出现的Button控件

AutomationElement aeButton = aeForm.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children,

new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.NameProperty, "button1"));

//找到所有的TextBox控件

AutomationElementCollection aeAllTextBoxes = aeForm.FindAll(TreeScope.Children,

new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.ControlTypeProperty, ControlType.Edit));

// 控件初始化的顺序是先初始化后添加到控件

// this.Controls.Add(this.textBox3);

// this.Controls.Add(this.textBox2);

// this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);

AutomationElement aeTextBox1 = aeAllTextBoxes[2];

AutomationElement aeTextBox2 = aeAllTextBoxes[1];

AutomationElement aeTextBox3 = aeAllTextBoxes[0];

Console.WriteLine("Settiing input to '30'");

//通过ValuePattern设置TextBox1的值

ValuePattern vpTextBox1 = (ValuePattern)aeTextBox1.GetCurrentPattern(ValuePattern.Pattern);

vpTextBox1.SetValue("30");

Console.WriteLine("Settiing input to '50'");

//通过ValuePattern设置TextBox2的值

ValuePattern vpTextBox2 = (ValuePattern)aeTextBox2.GetCurrentPattern(ValuePattern.Pattern);

vpTextBox2.SetValue("50");

Thread.Sleep(1500);

Console.WriteLine("Clickinig on button1 Button.");

//通过InvokePattern模拟点击按钮

InvokePattern ipClickButton1 = (InvokePattern)aeButton.GetCurrentPattern(InvokePattern.Pattern);

ipClickButton1.Invoke();

Thread.Sleep(1500);

//验证计算的结果与预期的结果是否相符合

Console.WriteLine("Checking textBox3 for '80'");

TextPattern tpTextBox3 = (TextPattern)aeTextBox3.GetCurrentPattern(TextPattern.Pattern);

string result = tpTextBox3.DocumentRange.GetText(-1);//获取textbox3中的值

//获取textbox3中的值

//string result = (string)aeTextBox2.GetCurrentPropertyValue(ValuePattern.ValueProperty);

if ("80" == result)

{

Console.WriteLine("Found it.");

Console.WriteLine("TTest scenario: *PASS*");

}

else

100

{

101

Console.WriteLine("Did not find it.");

102

Console.WriteLine("Test scenario: *FAIL*");

103

}

104

105

Console.WriteLine("Close application in 5 seconds.");

106

Thread.Sleep(5000);

107

//实现关闭被测试程序

108

WindowPattern wpCloseForm = (WindowPattern)aeForm.GetCurrentPattern(WindowPattern.Pattern);

109

wpCloseForm.Close();

110

111

Console.WriteLine("\nEnd test run\n");

112

}

113

catch (Exception ex)

114

{

115

Console.WriteLine("Fatal error: " + ex.Message);

116

}

117

}

118

}

119

}

120

使用UI Automation实现自动化测试--3

Chapter 3 UI Automation中的几个重要属性

Control Tree of the AutomationElement

在UI Automation控件树中，根节点为Desktop window, 其他运行在用户桌面的窗体都作为Desktop window的子节点。

如下图所示：

Desktop window可通过AutomationElement.RootElement属性获取，子节点中的窗体或对话框可通过

AutomationElement.RootElement.FindAll(TreeScope.Descendants, condition)

或
AutomationElement.RootElement.FindFirt(TreeScope.Descendants, condition)来获取.

AutomationElement property

在UI Automation中有如下几个重要属性：

AutomationIdProperty: 通过AutomationId来查找AutomationElement。
NameProperty：通过控件的Name属性来查找AutomationElement。
ControlType：通过控件的类型来查找AutomationElement
AutomationId: 唯一地标识自动化元素，将其与同级相区分。
Name: WPF 按钮的Content 属性、Win32 按钮的Caption 属性以及 HTML 图像的ALT 属性都映射到 UI 自动化视图中的同一个属性 Name。

注：PropertyCondition类是用来对相关属性进行条件匹配，在控件树中查找控件时，可以通过最佳匹配来找到相应的控件。

如下代码列出了使用不同的属性来构建PropertyCondition，通过PropertyCondition来查找控件树中的控件.

public class PropertyConditions
    {
        static PropertyCondition propertyCondition;
        /// <summary>
        /// Create PropertyCondition by AutomationId
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="automationId">Control AutomationId</param>
        /// <returns>Return PropertyCondition instance</returns>
        public static PropertyCondition GetAutomationIdProperty(object automationId)
        {
            propertyCondition = new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, automationId);
            return propertyCondition;
        }
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="controlType"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static PropertyCondition GetControlTypeProperty(object controlType)
        {
            propertyCondition = new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.ControlTypeProperty, controlType);
            return propertyCondition;
        }
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="controlName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static PropertyCondition GetNameProperty(object controlName)
        {
            propertyCondition = new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.NameProperty, controlName);
            return propertyCondition;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Find element by specific PropertyCondition
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="condition">PropertyCondition instance</param>
        /// <returns>Target automation element</returns>
        public static AutomationElement FindElement(PropertyCondition condition)
        {
            return AutomationElement.RootElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants, condition);
        }
    }

使用UI Automation实现自动化测试--4.1 (DockPattern)

DockPattern用于操作可停靠容器控件，我们最熟悉的VS2005/2008中的ToolBox，Solution Explorer都可以设置不同的DockPosition，但是目前并不支持DockPattern，所以无法做为实例来讲。使用DockPattern的前提为控件支持DockPattern。 DockPattern中的DockPosition有六个枚举变量，即Bottom、Left、Right、Top、Fill和None。如果控件支持DockPattern，则可以获取相对应的DockPosition以及设置控件的DockPosition。

如下代码是获取控件的DockPattern、获取控件当前的DockPosition以及设置控件的DockPosition。

#region DockPattern helper
        /// <summary>
        /// Get DockPattern
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="element">AutomationElement instance</param>
        /// <returns>DockPattern instance</returns>
        public static DockPattern GetDockPattern(AutomationElement element)
        {
            object currentPattern;
            if (!element.TryGetCurrentPattern(DockPattern.Pattern, out currentPattern))
            {
                throw new Exception(string.Format("Element with AutomationId '{0}' and Name '{1}' does not support the DockPattern.",
                    element.Current.AutomationId, element.Current.Name));
            }
            return currentPattern as DockPattern;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Get DockPosition
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="element">AutomationElement instance</param>
        /// <returns>DockPosition instance</returns>
        public static DockPosition GetDockPosition(AutomationElement element)
        {
            return GetDockPattern(element).Current.DockPosition;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Set DockPosition
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="element">AutomationElement instance</param>
        public static void SetDockPattern(AutomationElement element, DockPosition dockPosition)
        {
            GetDockPattern(element).SetDockPosition(dockPosition);
        }
        #endregion

使用UI Automation实现自动化测试--4.2 (ExpandCollapsePattern)

ExpandCollapsePattern

表示以可视方式进行展开(以显示内容)和折叠(以隐藏内容)的控件。例如ComboBox控件支持ExpandCollapsePattern。

ExpandCollapsePattern有两个主要方法：

Expand()方法：隐藏 AutomationElement 的全部子代节点、控件或内容。

Collapse()方法：显示 AutomationElement 的全部子节点、控件或内容。

以下代码是用ExpandCollapsePattern来测试ComboBox控件的Expand和Collapse。

using System;

using System.Text;

using System.Diagnostics;

using System.Threading;

using System.Windows.Automation;

namespace UIATest

{

class Program

{

static void Main(string[] args)

{

Process process = Process.Start(@"F:\CSharpDotNet\AutomationTest\ATP\WpfApp\bin\Debug\WpfApp.exe");

int processId = process.Id;

AutomationElement element = FindElementById(processId, "comboBox1");

ExpandCollapsePattern currentPattern = GetExpandCollapsePattern(element);

currentPattern.Expand();

Thread.Sleep(1000);

currentPattern.Collapse();

}

/// <summary>

/// Get the automation elemention of current form.

/// </summary>

/// <param name="processId">Process Id</param>

/// <returns>Target element</returns>

public static AutomationElement FindWindowByProcessId(int processId)

{

AutomationElement targetWindow = null;

int count = 0;

try

{

Process p = Process.GetProcessById(processId);

targetWindow = AutomationElement.FromHandle(p.MainWindowHandle);

return targetWindow;

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

count++;

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

string message = sb.AppendLine(string.Format("Target window is not existing.try #{0}", count)).ToString();

if (count > 5)

{

throw new InvalidProgramException(message, ex);

}

else

{

return FindWindowByProcessId(processId);

}

/// <summary>

/// Get the automation element by automation Id.

/// </summary>

/// <param name="windowName">Window name</param>

/// <param name="automationId">Control automation Id</param>

/// <returns>Automatin element searched by automation Id</returns>

public static AutomationElement FindElementById(int processId, string automationId)

{

AutomationElement aeForm = FindWindowByProcessId(processId);

AutomationElement tarFindElement = aeForm.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants,

new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, automationId));

return tarFindElement;

}

ExpandCollapsePattern helper

}

以下代码为被测程序的xaml文件：

<Window x:Class="WpfApp.Window1"

xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

Title="Window1" Height="219" Width="353">

<Grid>

<ComboBoxItem>kaden</ComboBoxItem>

</ComboBox>

</Grid>

</Window>

使用UI Automation实现自动化测试--4.3 (InvokePattern)

InvokePattern

InvokePattern是UIA中最常用的Pattern之一，WPF和Winform中的button控件都支持InvokePattern。

对InvokePattern的Invoke()方法的调用应立即返回，没有出现阻止情况。但是，此行为完全依赖于 Microsoft UI 自动化提供程序实现。在调用 Invoke() 会引起阻止问题(如Winform中的模式对话框，但是WPF中的对话框的处理方式和winform不同，所以可以使用Invoke()方法来操作WPF中的模式对话框，因为WPF中的模式对话框不会出现阻止的问题)的情况下，要调用此方法，则需要另起线程来操作。

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Automation;
namespace UIATest
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Process process = Process.Start(@"F:\CSharpDotNet\AutomationTest\ATP\WpfApp\bin\Debug\WpfApp.exe");
            int processId = process.Id;
            AutomationElement element = FindElementById(processId, "button1");
            InvokePattern currentPattern = GetInvokePattern(element);
            currentPattern.Invoke();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Get the automation elemention of current form.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="processId">Process Id</param>
        /// <returns>Target element</returns>
        public static AutomationElement FindWindowByProcessId(int processId)
        {
            AutomationElement targetWindow = null;
            int count = 0;
            try
            {
                Process p = Process.GetProcessById(processId);
                targetWindow = AutomationElement.FromHandle(p.MainWindowHandle);
                return targetWindow;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                count++;
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                string message = sb.AppendLine(string.Format("Target window is not existing.try #{0}", count)).ToString();
                if (count > 5)
                {
                    throw new InvalidProgramException(message, ex);
                }
                else
                {
                    return FindWindowByProcessId(processId);
                }
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Get the automation element by automation Id.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="windowName">Window name</param>
        /// <param name="automationId">Control automation Id</param>
        /// <returns>Automatin element searched by automation Id</returns>
        public static AutomationElement FindElementById(int processId, string automationId)
        {
            AutomationElement aeForm = FindWindowByProcessId(processId);
            AutomationElement tarFindElement = aeForm.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants,
            new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, automationId));
            return tarFindElement;
        }
        #region InvokePattern helper
        /// <summary>
        /// Get InvokePattern
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="element">AutomationElement instance</param>
        /// <returns>InvokePattern instance</returns>
        public static InvokePattern GetInvokePattern(AutomationElement element)
        {
            object currentPattern;
            if (!element.TryGetCurrentPattern(InvokePattern.Pattern, out currentPattern))
            {
                throw new Exception(string.Format("Element with AutomationId '{0}' and Name '{1}' does not support the InvokePattern.",
                    element.Current.AutomationId, element.Current.Name));
            }
            return currentPattern as InvokePattern;
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

被测程序xaml代码如下：

<Window x:Class="WpfApp.Window1"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    Title="Window1" Height="219" Width="353">
    <Grid>
        <Button Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Click="button1_Click" Margin="50,0,0,62" Name="button1" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Width="75">Button</Button>
    </Grid>
</Window>

对应的cs文件：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
namespace WpfApp
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for Window1.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class Window1 : Window
    {
        public Window1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("Use InvokePattern invoke button.");
        }
    }
}

本文主要针对InvokePattern的Invoke方法来操作button控件。

使用UI Automation实现自动化测试--4.4 (ValuePattern)

ValuePattern是UI Automation中最常见的Pattern之一，Winform和WPF的TextBox控件都支持ValuePattern。

ValuePattern的一个重要的方法是SetValue，在允许调用 SetValue 之前，控件应将其 IsEnabledProperty 设置为 true 并将其 IsReadOnlyProperty 设置为 false。

通过ValuePattern的Current属性可以获得控件的value和IsReadOnly属性。

实现 Value 控件模式时，请注意以下准则和约定：

如果任何项的值是可编辑的，则诸如 ListItem 和 TreeItem 等控件必须支持 ValuePattern，而不管控件的当前编辑模式如何。如果子项是可编辑的，则父控件还必须支持ValuePattern。

下面的例子是通过ValuePattern来给TextBox设置和获取值：

1using System;
2using System.Text;
3using System.Diagnostics;
4using System.Threading;
5using System.Windows.Automation;
6
7namespace UIATest
8{
9    class Program
10    {
11        static void Main(string[] args)
12        {
13            Process process = Process.Start(@"F:\CSharpDotNet\AutomationTest\ATP\WpfApp\bin\Debug\WpfApp.exe");
14            int processId = process.Id;
15            AutomationElement element = FindElementById(processId, "textBox1");
16            ValuePattern currentPattern = GetValuePattern(element);
17            Console.WriteLine("Is read only:'{0}', TextBox text is:'{1}'", currentPattern.Current.IsReadOnly, currentPattern.Current.Value);
18            currentPattern.SetValue("KadenKang");
19            Console.WriteLine("After using the SetValue, the TextBox value is '{0}'", currentPattern.Current.Value);
20
21        }
22
23        /// <summary>
24        /// Get the automation elemention of current form.
25        /// </summary>
26        /// <param name="processId">Process Id</param>
27        /// <returns>Target element</returns>
28        public static AutomationElement FindWindowByProcessId(int processId)
29        {
30            AutomationElement targetWindow = null;
31            int count = 0;
32            try
33            {
34                Process p = Process.GetProcessById(processId);
35                targetWindow = AutomationElement.FromHandle(p.MainWindowHandle);
36                return targetWindow;
37            }
38            catch (Exception ex)
39            {
40                count++;
41                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
42                string message = sb.AppendLine(string.Format("Target window is not existing.try #{0}", count)).ToString();
43                if (count > 5)
44                {
45                    throw new InvalidProgramException(message, ex);
46                }
47                else
48                {
49                    return FindWindowByProcessId(processId);
50                }
51            }
52        }
53
54        /// <summary>
55        /// Get the automation element by automation Id.
56        /// </summary>
57        /// <param name="windowName">Window name</param>
58        /// <param name="automationId">Control automation Id</param>
59        /// <returns>Automatin element searched by automation Id</returns>
60        public static AutomationElement FindElementById(int processId, string automationId)
61        {
62            AutomationElement aeForm = FindWindowByProcessId(processId);
63            AutomationElement tarFindElement = aeForm.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants,
64            new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, automationId));
65            return tarFindElement;
66        }
67
68        ValuePattern helper
87    }
88}
89

下面的代码是xaml设计：

1<Window x:Class="WpfApp.Window1"
2    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
3    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
4    Title="Window1" Height="219" Width="353">
5    <Grid>
6        <TextBox Height="23" Margin="50,20,160,0" Name="textBox1" VerticalAlignment="Top" MaxLength="5">textBox text</TextBox>
7    </Grid>
8</Window>
9

本文通过简单的实例介绍了UI Automation中的ValuePattern及其使用方法。

使用UI Automation实现自动化测试--4.5 (WindowPattern)

WindowPattern 控件模式用于支持在传统的图形用户界面 (GUI) 内提供基于基本窗口的功能的控件。必须实现此控件模式的控件的示例包括顶级应用程序窗口、多文档界面 (MDI) 子窗口、大小可调的拆分窗格控件、模式对话框以及气球状帮助窗口。可以使用WindowPattern来对window进行操作，例如验证window是否激活，是否最大化、最小化、正常模式以及关闭window等。
下面的代码演示了WindowPattern的使用方法：

using System;

using System.Text;

using System.Diagnostics;

using System.Threading;

using System.Windows.Automation;

namespace UIATest

{

class Program

{

static void Main(string[] args)

{

Process process = Process.Start(@"F:\CSharpDotNet\AutomationTest\ATP\WpfApp\bin\Debug\WpfApp.exe");

int processId = process.Id;

AutomationElement element = FindWindowByProcessId(processId);

WindowPattern currentPattern = GetWindowPattern(element);

//Set window visual state to Maximized

currentPattern.SetWindowVisualState(WindowVisualState.Maximized);

Thread.Sleep(1000);

//Set window visual state to Normal

currentPattern.SetWindowVisualState(WindowVisualState.Normal);

Thread.Sleep(1000);

//Set window visual state to Minimized

currentPattern.SetWindowVisualState(WindowVisualState.Minimized);

//Close window

currentPattern.Close();

}

/// <summary>

/// Get the automation elemention of current form.

/// </summary>

/// <param name="processId">Process Id</param>

/// <returns>Target element</returns>

public static AutomationElement FindWindowByProcessId(int processId)

{

AutomationElement targetWindow = null;

int count = 0;

try

{

Process p = Process.GetProcessById(processId);

targetWindow = AutomationElement.FromHandle(p.MainWindowHandle);

return targetWindow;

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

count++;

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

string message = sb.AppendLine(string.Format("Target window is not existing.try #{0}", count)).ToString();

if (count > 5)

{

throw new InvalidProgramException(message, ex);

}

else

{

return FindWindowByProcessId(processId);

}

WindowPattern helper

}

使用UI Automation实现自动化测试--4.6.1 (SelectionItemPattern)

SelectionItemPattern

支持SelectionItemPattern的控件有ListView、ListBox、RadioButton、GridView等。

1. SelectionItemPattern的三个重要方法：
1. AddToSelection：将当前元素添加到所选项的集合。
2. RemoveFromSelection: 从选定项的集合中移除当前元素。
3. Select: 取消所有已选中的项，然后选择当前元素。
2. SelectionItemPattern的Current属性可通过Current属性的IsSelected属性来判断AutomationElement是否被selected.

如下代码演示了使用SelectionItemPattern来操作RadioButton控件。

1using System;
2using System.Text;
3using System.Diagnostics;
4using System.Threading;
5using System.Windows.Automation;
6
7namespace UIATest
8{
9    class Program
10    {
11        static void Main(string[] args)
12        {
13            Process process = Process.Start(@"F:\CSharpDotNet\AutomationTest\ATP\WpfApp\bin\Debug\WpfApp.exe");
14            int processId = process.Id;
15
16            AutomationElement element = FindElementById(processId, "radioButton1");
17            SelectionItemPattern selectionItemPattern = GetSelectionItemPattern(element);
18            selectionItemPattern.Select();
19        }
20
21        /// <summary>
22        /// Get the automation elemention of current form.
23        /// </summary>
24        /// <param name="processId">Process Id</param>
25        /// <returns>Target element</returns>
26        public static AutomationElement FindWindowByProcessId(int processId)
27        {
28            AutomationElement targetWindow = null;
29            int count = 0;
30            try
31            {
32                Process p = Process.GetProcessById(processId);
33                targetWindow = AutomationElement.FromHandle(p.MainWindowHandle);
34                return targetWindow;
35            }
36            catch (Exception ex)
37            {
38                count++;
39                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
40                string message = sb.AppendLine(string.Format("Target window is not existing.try #{0}", count)).ToString();
41                if (count > 5)
42                {
43                    throw new InvalidProgramException(message, ex);
44                }
45                else
46                {
47                    return FindWindowByProcessId(processId);
48                }
49            }
50        }
51
52
53        /// <summary>
54        /// Get the automation element by automation Id.
55        /// </summary>
56        /// <param name="windowName">Window name</param>
57        /// <param name="automationId">Control automation Id</param>
58        /// <returns>Automatin element searched by automation Id</returns>
59        public static AutomationElement FindElementById(int processId, string automationId)
60        {
61            AutomationElement aeForm = FindWindowByProcessId(processId);
62            AutomationElement tarFindElement = aeForm.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants,
63            new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, automationId));
64            return tarFindElement;
65        }
66
67        SelectItemPattern
86    }
87}
88

以下代码为XAML：

1<Window x:Class="WpfApp.Window1"
2    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
3    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
4    Title="Window1" Height="219" Width="353">
5    <Grid>
6        <RadioButton Height="16" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Margin="0,46,10,0" Name="radioButton1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120">RadioButton</RadioButton>
7    </Grid>
8</Window>
9

本文简单介绍了SelectionItemPattern以及使用SelectionItemPattern来操作RadioButton。

使用UI Automation实现自动化测试--4.6.2 (SelectItemPattern Demo)

如下代码演示了使用SelectionItemPattern来实现listview item 的多选操作：

using System;

using System.Text;

using System.Diagnostics;

using System.Threading;

using System.Windows.Automation;

namespace UIATest

{

class Program

{

static void Main(string[] args)

{

Process process = Process.Start(@"F:\CSharpDotNet\AutomationTest\ATP\WpfApp\bin\Debug\WpfApp.exe");

int processId = process.Id;

Thread.Sleep(1000);

MutlSelect(new int[] { 0, 1 }, processId, false);

}

/// <summary>

/// Get the automation elemention of current form.

/// </summary>

/// <param name="processId">Process Id</param>

/// <returns>Target element</returns>

public static AutomationElement FindWindowByProcessId(int processId)

{

AutomationElement targetWindow = null;

int count = 0;

try

{

Process p = Process.GetProcessById(processId);

targetWindow = AutomationElement.FromHandle(p.MainWindowHandle);

return targetWindow;

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

count++;

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

string message = sb.AppendLine(string.Format("Target window is not existing.try #{0}", count)).ToString();

if (count > 5)

{

throw new InvalidProgramException(message, ex);

}

else

{

return FindWindowByProcessId(processId);

}

/// <summary>

/// Get the automation element by automation Id.

/// </summary>

/// <param name="windowName">Window name</param>

/// <param name="automationId">Control automation Id</param>

/// <returns>Automatin element searched by automation Id</returns>

public static AutomationElement FindElementById(int processId, string automationId)

{

AutomationElement aeForm = FindWindowByProcessId(processId);

AutomationElement tarFindElement = aeForm.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants,

new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, automationId));

return tarFindElement;

}

/// <summary>

/// Bulk select the list item

/// </summary>

/// <param name="indexes">List item index collection</param>

/// <param name="processId">Application process Id</param>

/// <param name="isSelectAll">Is select all or not</param>

public static void MutlSelect(int[] indexes, int processId, bool isSelectAll)

{

AutomationElement targetElement = FindElementById(processId, "listView1");

AutomationElementCollection rows =

targetElement.FindAll(TreeScope.Descendants,

new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.ControlTypeProperty, ControlType.ListItem));

object multiSelect;

if (isSelectAll)

{

for (int i = 1; i < rows.Count - 1; i++)

{

if (rows[i].TryGetCurrentPattern(SelectionItemPattern.Pattern, out multiSelect))

{

(multiSelect as SelectionItemPattern).AddToSelection();

}

else

{

if (indexes.Length > 0)

{

for (int j = 0; j < indexes.Length; j++)

{

int tempIndex = indexes[j];

if (rows[tempIndex].TryGetCurrentPattern(SelectionItemPattern.Pattern, out multiSelect))

100

{

101

(multiSelect as SelectionItemPattern).AddToSelection();

102

}

103

}

104

}

105

}

106

}

107

108

SelectItemPattern

127

}

128

}

如下代码为对应的XAML:

<Window x:Class="WpfApp.Window2"

xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

Title="Window2" Height="412" Width="585">

<Grid>

<ListViewItem>Kaden</ListViewItem>

<ListViewItem>KangYi</ListViewItem>

</ListView>

</Grid>

</Window>

使用UI Automation实现自动化测试--4.7 (TogglePattern)

TogglePattern

支持TogglePattern的控件有CheckBox，TreeView中的button控件等。

1. TogglePattern的方法

Toggle方法用于操作可以循环通过的一组状态并在设置后保持某种状态。

2. TogglePattern属性

Current属性中的ToggleState有如下三种状态：

1. On
2. Off
3. Indeterminate

如下代码演示了使用TogglePattern来操作CheckBox控件。

1using System;
2using System.Text;
3using System.Diagnostics;
4using System.Threading;
5using System.Windows.Automation;
6
7namespace UIATest
8{
9    class Program
10    {
11        static void Main(string[] args)
12        {
13            Process process = Process.Start(@"F:\CSharpDotNet\AutomationTest\ATP\WpfApp\bin\Debug\WpfApp.exe");
14            int processId = process.Id;
15
16            Thread.Sleep(1000);
17            AutomationElement element = FindElementById(processId, "checkBox1");
18            TogglePattern togglePattern = GetTogglePattern(element);
19            togglePattern.Toggle();
20        }
21
22        /// <summary>
23        /// Get the automation elemention of current form.
24        /// </summary>
25        /// <param name="processId">Process Id</param>
26        /// <returns>Target element</returns>
27        public static AutomationElement FindWindowByProcessId(int processId)
28        {
29            AutomationElement targetWindow = null;
30            int count = 0;
31            try
32            {
33                Process p = Process.GetProcessById(processId);
34                targetWindow = AutomationElement.FromHandle(p.MainWindowHandle);
35                return targetWindow;
36            }
37            catch (Exception ex)
38            {
39                count++;
40                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
41                string message = sb.AppendLine(string.Format("Target window is not existing.try #{0}", count)).ToString();
42                if (count > 5)
43                {
44                    throw new InvalidProgramException(message, ex);
45                }
46                else
47                {
48                    return FindWindowByProcessId(processId);
49                }
50            }
51        }
52
53        /// <summary>
54        /// Get the automation element by automation Id.
55        /// </summary>
56        /// <param name="windowName">Window name</param>
57        /// <param name="automationId">Control automation Id</param>
58        /// <returns>Automatin element searched by automation Id</returns>
59        public static AutomationElement FindElementById(int processId, string automationId)
60        {
61            AutomationElement aeForm = FindWindowByProcessId(processId);
62            AutomationElement tarFindElement = aeForm.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants,
63            new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, automationId));
64            return tarFindElement;
65        }
66
67        TogglePattern helper
83    }
84}
85

如下代码为对应的XAML：

1<Window x:Class="WpfApp.Window1"
2    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
3    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
4    Title="Window1" Height="219" Width="353">
5    <Grid>
6        <CheckBox HorizontalAlignment="Right" Margin="0,75,10,89" Name="checkBox1" Width="120">CheckBox</CheckBox>
7    </Grid>
8</Window>

使用UI Automation实现自动化测试--4.8 (GridPattern)

GridPattern

支持GridPattern的最常见的控件为GridView，在WPF中使用ListView和GridView组合即可得到相应的GridView。

GridPattern的方法

GetItem：此方法有两个参数，即DataGrid的Row和Column。

通过GridPattern的GetItem方法可以获取DataGrid中的某个确定的单元格，进而对单元进行操作。

对单元格的操作主要有以下几个方面：

1. 编辑单元个中的数据。
2. 获取单元格中的数据。
3. 获取单元格中嵌套的AutomationElement(一般使用与自定义控件中)。

GridPattern的属性

GridPattern的Current属性中有如下两个属性：

1. RowCount属性：GridPattern二维表格的行数。
2. ColumnCount属性：GridPattern二维表格列数。

下面我们通过一个实例来演示自动化测试中如何使用GridPattern来测试GridView的方法：

1using System;
2using System.Text;
3using System.Diagnostics;
4using System.Threading;
5using System.Windows.Automation;
6
7namespace UIATest
8{
9    class Program
10    {
11        static void Main(string[] args)
12        {
13            Process process = Process.Start(@"F:\CSharpDotNet\AutomationTest\ATP\WpfApp\bin\Debug\WpfApp.exe");
14            int processId = process.Id;
15            Thread.Sleep(1000);
16
17            GridPattern Test
30        }
31
32        /// <summary>
33        /// Get the automation elemention of current form.
34        /// </summary>
35        /// <param name="processId">Process Id</param>
36        /// <returns>Target element</returns>
37        public static AutomationElement FindWindowByProcessId(int processId)
38        {
39            AutomationElement targetWindow = null;
40            int count = 0;
41            try
42            {
43                Process p = Process.GetProcessById(processId);
44                targetWindow = AutomationElement.FromHandle(p.MainWindowHandle);
45                return targetWindow;
46            }
47            catch (Exception ex)
48            {
49                count++;
50                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
51                string message = sb.AppendLine(string.Format("Target window is not existing.try #{0}", count)).ToString();
52                if (count > 5)
53                {
54                    throw new InvalidProgramException(message, ex);
55                }
56                else
57                {
58                    return FindWindowByProcessId(processId);
59                }
60            }
61        }
62
63        /// <summary>
64        /// Get the automation element by automation Id.
65        /// </summary>
66        /// <param name="windowName">Window name</param>
67        /// <param name="automationId">Control automation Id</param>
68        /// <returns>Automatin element searched by automation Id</returns>
69        public static AutomationElement FindElementById(int processId, string automationId)
70        {
71            AutomationElement aeForm = FindWindowByProcessId(processId);
72            AutomationElement tarFindElement = aeForm.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants,
73            new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, automationId));
74            return tarFindElement;
75        }
76
77        GridPattern helper
95    }
96}
97

对应的XAML代码如下：

1<Window x:Class="WpfApp.GridView"
2    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
3    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
4    Title="GridView" Height="426" Width="558">
5    <Grid>
6        
7        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
8            
9            <RowDefinition Height="*" />
10            <RowDefinition Height="auto" MinHeight="95" />
11            <RowDefinition Height="22" />
12        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
13        <ListView Name="listview1" MinWidth="280" Grid.RowSpan="2" MouseMove="listview1_MouseMove">
14            <ListView.View>
15                <GridView x:Name="gridView1">
16                    <GridViewColumn Header="EmployeeID" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Path=EmployeeID}"></GridViewColumn>
17                    <GridViewColumn Header="FirstName" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Path=FirstName}"></GridViewColumn>
18                    <GridViewColumn Header="LastName" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Path=LastName}"></GridViewColumn>
19                    <GridViewColumn Header="Address" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Path=Address}"></GridViewColumn>
20                </GridView>
21            </ListView.View>
22        </ListView>
23    </Grid>
24
25</Window>
26

GridView窗体后台代码如下：

1using System;
2using System.Collections.Generic;
3using System.Linq;
4using System.Text;
5using System.Windows;
6using System.Windows.Controls;
7using System.Windows.Data;
8using System.Windows.Documents;
9using System.Windows.Input;
10using System.Windows.Media;
11using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
12using System.Windows.Shapes;
13using System.Data.SqlClient;
14using System.Data;
15
16namespace WpfApp
17{
18    /// <summary>
19    /// Interaction logic for GridView.xaml
20    /// </summary>
21    public partial class GridView : Window
22    {
23        public GridView()
24        {
25            InitializeComponent();
26            getData();
27        }
28        SqlDataAdapter sda;
29        DataTable dt;
30        void getData()
31        {
32            //Northwind database download path:http://download.csdn.net/down/845087/beyondchina123
33            //init sqlconnection
34            SqlConnectionStringBuilder connbuilder = new SqlConnectionStringBuilder();
35            connbuilder.DataSource = ".";//本地服务器
36            connbuilder.IntegratedSecurity = true;//Windows集成验证
37            connbuilder.InitialCatalog = "Northwind";//数据库为Northwind
38            SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connbuilder.ConnectionString);
39            sda = new SqlDataAdapter("select EmployeeID,FirstName,LastName,Address from Employees ", conn);
40            SqlCommandBuilder commbuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(sda);
41            dt = new DataTable();
42            sda.Fill(dt);
43            listview1.ItemsSource = dt.DefaultView;
44        }
45      }
46}
47
48

本文主要简单介绍了GridPattern以及GridPattern在测试中是使用方法。

使用UI Automation实现自动化测试--4.9 (ScrollPattern)

ScrollPattern

ScrollPattern是用来操作控件的滚动条，目前支持ScrollPattern的控件有ListBox，listView，GridView，TreeView.

ScrollPattern主要方法

1. Scroll 水平和垂直滚动内容区域的可见区域滚动， Scroll有两个参数，其类型为ScrollAmount枚举类型。
2. ScrollHorizontal 按指定的 ScrollAmount 水平滚动内容区域的当前可见区域滚动。
3. ScrollVertical 按指定的 ScrollAmount 垂直滚动内容区域的当前可见区域滚动。

ScrollPattern属性

VerticallyScrollable 属性用于判定是否可以垂直滚动。
HorizontallyScrollable 属性用于判定是否可以水平滚动。
HorizontalScrollPercent 获取当前水平滚动条的位置。
VerticalScrollPercent 获取当前垂直滚动条的位置。

下面我们通过一个实例来演示自动化测试中如何使用ScrollPattern来测试GridView中滚动条的方法：

  1using System;
  2using System.Text;
  3using System.Diagnostics;
  4using System.Threading;
  5using System.Windows.Automation;
  6
  7namespace UIATest
  8{
  9    class Program
10    {
11        static void Main(string[] args)
12        {
13            Process process = Process.Start(@"F:\CSharpDotNet\AutomationTest\ATP\WpfApp\bin\Debug\WpfApp.exe");
14            int processId = process.Id;
15            Thread.Sleep(1000);
16
17            ScrollPattern
31
32        }
33
34        /// <summary>
35        /// Get the automation elemention of current form.
36        /// </summary>
37        /// <param name="processId">Process Id</param>
38        /// <returns>Target element</returns>
39        public static AutomationElement FindWindowByProcessId(int processId)
40        {
41            AutomationElement targetWindow = null;
42            int count = 0;
43            try
44            {
45                Process p = Process.GetProcessById(processId);
46                targetWindow = AutomationElement.FromHandle(p.MainWindowHandle);
47                return targetWindow;
48            }
49            catch (Exception ex)
50            {
51                count++;
52                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
53                string message = sb.AppendLine(string.Format("Target window is not existing.try #{0}", count)).ToString();
54                if (count > 5)
55                {
56                    throw new InvalidProgramException(message, ex);
57                }
58                else
59                {
60                    return FindWindowByProcessId(processId);
61                }
62            }
63        }
64
65
66        /// <summary>
67        /// Get the automation element by automation Id.
68        /// </summary>
69        /// <param name="windowName">Window name</param>
70        /// <param name="automationId">Control automation Id</param>
71        /// <returns>Automatin element searched by automation Id</returns>
72        public static AutomationElement FindElementById(int processId, string automationId)
73        {
74            AutomationElement aeForm = FindWindowByProcessId(processId);
75            AutomationElement tarFindElement = aeForm.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants,
76            new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, automationId));
77            return tarFindElement;
78        }
79
80        GetScrollPattern helper
98    }
99}
100

XAML源码：

1<Window x:Class="WpfApp.GridView"
2    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
3    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
4    Title="GridView" Height="280" Width="467">
5    <Grid>
6        
7        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
8            
9            <RowDefinition Height="*" />
10            <RowDefinition Height="auto" MinHeight="95" />
11            <RowDefinition Height="22" />
12        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
13        <ListView Name="listview1" MinWidth="280" Grid.RowSpan="2" MouseMove="listview1_MouseMove">
14            <ListView.View>
15                <GridView x:Name="gridView1">
16                    <GridViewColumn Header="EmployeeID" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Path=EmployeeID}"></GridViewColumn>
17                    <GridViewColumn Header="FirstName" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Path=FirstName}"></GridViewColumn>
18                    <GridViewColumn Header="LastName" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Path=LastName}"></GridViewColumn>
19                    <GridViewColumn Header="Address" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Path=Address}"></GridViewColumn>
20                </GridView>
21            </ListView.View>
22        </ListView>
23        
24    </Grid>
25
26</Window>

后台CS源码：

1using System;
2using System.Collections.Generic;
3using System.Linq;
4using System.Text;
5using System.Windows;
6using System.Windows.Controls;
7using System.Windows.Data;
8using System.Windows.Documents;
9using System.Windows.Input;
10using System.Windows.Media;
11using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
12using System.Windows.Shapes;
13using System.Data.SqlClient;
14using System.Data;
15
16namespace WpfApp
17{
18    /// <summary>
19    /// Interaction logic for GridView.xaml
20    /// </summary>
21    public partial class GridView : Window
22    {
23        public GridView()
24        {
25            InitializeComponent();
26            getData();
27        }
28        SqlDataAdapter sda;
29        DataTable dt;
30        void getData()
31        {
32            //init sqlconnection
33            SqlConnectionStringBuilder connbuilder = new SqlConnectionStringBuilder();
34            connbuilder.DataSource = ".";//本地服务器
35            connbuilder.IntegratedSecurity = true;//Windows集成验证
36            connbuilder.InitialCatalog = "TestDB";//数据库为Northwind
37            SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connbuilder.ConnectionString);
38            sda = new SqlDataAdapter("select EmployeeID,FirstName,LastName,Address from Employees ", conn);
39            SqlCommandBuilder commbuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(sda);
40            //sda.UpdateCommand = commbuilder.GetUpdateCommand();
41            dt = new DataTable();
42            //sda.AcceptChangesDuringUpdate = true;
43            sda.Fill(dt);
44            listview1.ItemsSource = dt.DefaultView;
45        }
46    }
47}
48
49

数据库及数据库表源码：

1USE [master]
2GO
3/****** Object:  Database TestDB    Script Date: 10/17/2009 16:08:09 ******/
4IF  EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.databases WHERE name = N'TestDB')
5DROP DATABASE [TestDB]
6CREATE DATABASE TestDB ON  PRIMARY
7( NAME = N'TestDB', FILENAME = N'C:\TestDB.mdf' , SIZE = 2688KB , MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED, FILEGROWTH = 80KB )
8 LOG ON
9( NAME = N'TestDB_log', FILENAME = N'C:\TestDB.ldf' , SIZE = 1024KB , MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED, FILEGROWTH = 10%)
10GO
11
12use TestDB
13
14CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Employees](
15    [EmployeeID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) primary key NOT NULL,
16    [LastName] [varchar](20) NOT NULL,
17    [FirstName] [varchar](10) NOT NULL,
18    [Address] [varchar](60) NULL
19)
20
21GO
22truncate table employees
23declare @i int
24set @i = 1
25while @i<25
26begin
27
28insert into Employees
29(
30   LastName,
31   FirstName,
32   [Address]
33)
34values
35('Kaden'+cast(@i as varchar), 'Kang'+cast(@i as varchar), 'Nanjing, Jiangsu, China'+cast(@i as varchar))
36set @i=@i+1
37end
38
39

本文简单介绍了ScrollPattern以及使用ScrollPattern来操作垂直水平滚动条。

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