kernel编译练习3：ubuntu16升级内核到4.19_ubuntu make oldconfig

前言

编译内核分三步

1)make

2)sudo make modules_install

3)sudo make install

如何需要配置内核，在make之前，执行make menuconfig配置内核。

升级之前注意保存快照。做好备份。

参考遇到的问题。本次只记录遇到的问题是如何解决的。具体如何编译，参考本系列前两篇文章。

问题一

make时的报错。

cc1: out of memory allocating 89674192 bytes after a total of 193392640 bytes

virtual memory exhausted: 无法分配内存
scripts/Makefile.build:303: recipe for target 'drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/en_rep.o' failed
make[5]: *** [drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/en_rep.o] Error 1
scripts/Makefile.build:544: recipe for target 'drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core' failed
make[4]: *** [drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core] Error 2

解决办法1:

提示内存不足，不太可能啊，当前内存是4G，那就将内存提升到8G。

然后...然后就解决了。增加内存以后，其他问题也自动消失了。有点意外啊。

执行sudo make modules_install也很顺利
 

执行 sudo make install时报错了。

问题二 

lkmao@ubuntu:/big/linux-4.19.260/linux-4.19.260$ sudo make install
sh ./arch/x86/boot/install.sh 4.19.260 arch/x86/boot/bzImage \
        System.map "/boot"
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.19.260 /boot/vmlinuz-4.19.260
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 4.19.260 /boot/vmlinuz-4.19.260
 * dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 4.19.260
Kernel preparation unnecessary for this kernel.  Skipping...
 
Building module:
cleaning build area....(bad exit status: 2)
make KERNELRELEASE=4.19.260 VM_UNAME=4.19.260 MODULEBUILDDIR=/var/lib/dkms/open-vm-tools/10.0.7/build -C vmxnet....(bad exit status: 2)
ERROR (dkms apport): kernel package linux-headers-4.19.260 is not supported
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 4.19.260 (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/open-vm-tools/10.0.7/build/make.log for more information.
                                                                                                                                                                                                               [ OK ]
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.19.260 /boot/vmlinuz-4.19.260
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.19.260
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 4.19.260 /boot/vmlinuz-4.19.260
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 4.19.260 /boot/vmlinuz-4.19.260
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 4.19.260 /boot/vmlinuz-4.19.260
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.19.260 /boot/vmlinuz-4.19.260
Generating grub configuration file ...
Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.19.260
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.19.260
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-142-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-142-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-29-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
done
lkmao@ubuntu:/big/linux-4.19.260/linux-4.19.260$

解决问题:

没看出来什么情况，重启看看有没有升级成功。

查看版本号

cat /proc/version

Linux version 4.19.260 (lkmao@ubuntu) (gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12)) #1 SMP Thu Sep 29 14:19:07 CST 2022

竟然升级成功了。

问题三 对perf命令的支持

执行perf命令时，报错如下所示：

lkmao@ubuntu:/big/linux-4.19.260/linux-4.19.260$ perf
WARNING: perf not found for kernel 4.19.260
 
  You may need to install the following packages for this specific kernel:
    linux-tools-4.19.260-4.19.260
    linux-cloud-tools-4.19.260-4.19.260
 
  You may also want to install one of the following packages to keep up to date:
    linux-tools-4.19.260
    linux-cloud-tools-4.19.260
lkmao@ubuntu:/big/linux-4.19.260/linux-4.19.260$

总结

        事情解决的意外简单。

增补：

make oldconfigmake oldconfig与make config类似，但是它的作用是在现有内核设置文件基础上建立一个新的设置文件，只会向用户提问有关新内核特性的问题。在内核升级的过程中，make oldconfig非常有用。用户可以将现有内核的设置文件.config复制到新内核的源码目录中，执行make oldconfig，此时，用户只需要回答那些针对新增特性的问题。