目标检测DETR源码解读（一）

官方源码地址：https://github.com/facebookresearch/detr

数据集COCO2017

标注文件.json，格式：
  目标检测任务中，主要使用“image_id”图片名，“bbox”目标的边界框(left_x, left_y, w, h)，"category_id"目标类别。
  各字段详细说明，可参考：

【沐枫8023】https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_50727642/article/details/122892088

数据导入（以验证集说明）

1. 创建数据集
导入数据、数据预处理（norm、resize)。如果是训练集，则resize尺度为scales = [480, 512, 544, 576, 608, 640, 672, 704, 736, 768, 800]之一。min(w,h)缩放到scales尺度，另一属性做相应变化，从而满足多尺度。

dataset_val = build_dataset(image_set='val', args=args)
# 其中 transforms:
normalize = T.Compose([
        T.ToTensor(),
        T.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
    ])
val_norm = T.Compose([
            T.RandomResize([800], max_size=1333),
            normalize,
        ])
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2. DataLoader

data_loader_val = DataLoader(dataset_val, args.batch_size, sampler=sampler_val, drop_last=False, collate_fn=utils.collate_fn, num_workers=args.num_workers)
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3. 获取数据
注： train数据直接通过data_loader_train获取，不经过此步骤。

base_ds = get_coco_api_from_dataset(dataset_val)
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boxes处理：

• orig_box（x1, y1, x2, y2)，ratio_w = resize_w / orig_w，ratio_h = resize_h / orig_h。
• rescale目标框：orig_box * (ratio_w, ratio_h, ratio_w, ratio_h)
• 中心化：(x1, y1, x2, y2）转（center_x, center_y, w, h)
• (resize_w, resize_h）归一化目标框：（center_x, center_y, w, h) / (resize_w, resize_h, resize_w, resize_h)

批处理batch中图像rescale_size：w取每个image缩放后的max(w1,w2,w3, …)；h取每个image缩放后的max(h1, h2, h3, …)。

处理通道boxes数据复原：以val集000000000285.jpg为例

反向执行boxes处理步骤：

Code

1、核心部分

• transformer: encoder + decoder

class Transformer(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, d_model=512, nhead=8, num_encoder_layers=6,
                 num_decoder_layers=6, dim_feedforward=2048, dropout=0.1,
                 activation="relu", normalize_before=False,
                 return_intermediate_dec=False):
        super().__init__()

        encoder_layer = TransformerEncoderLayer(d_model, nhead, dim_feedforward,
                                                dropout, activation, normalize_before)
        encoder_norm = nn.LayerNorm(d_model) if normalize_before else None
        self.encoder = TransformerEncoder(encoder_layer, num_encoder_layers, encoder_norm)

        decoder_layer = TransformerDecoderLayer(d_model, nhead, dim_feedforward,
                                                dropout, activation, normalize_before)
        decoder_norm = nn.LayerNorm(d_model)
        self.decoder = TransformerDecoder(decoder_layer, num_decoder_layers, decoder_norm,
                                          return_intermediate=return_intermediate_dec)

        self._reset_parameters()

        self.d_model = d_model
        self.nhead = nhead
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• 构建model、评估准则、后处理器

def build(args):
    # the `num_classes` naming here is somewhat misleading. 指代分类最大分类id号。
    # 例如，如果有 4 个 ID 分别为 1、23、24、56 的类，那么使用 num_classes=57。
    # 然后，Detr 将为“no_object”类保留 id 57。
    # it indeed corresponds to `max_obj_id + 1`, where max_obj_id
    # is the maximum id for a class in your dataset. For example,
    # COCO has a max_obj_id of 90, so we pass `num_classes` to be 91.
    # As another example, for a dataset that has a single class with id 1,
    # you should pass `num_classes` to be 2 (max_obj_id + 1).
    # For more details on this, check the following discussion
    # https://github.com/facebookresearch/detr/issues/108#issuecomment-650269223
    num_classes = 20 if args.dataset_file != 'coco' else 91
    if args.dataset_file == "coco_panoptic":
        # for panoptic, we just add a num_classes that is large enough to hold
        # max_obj_id + 1, but the exact value doesn't really matter
        num_classes = 250
    device = torch.device(args.device)

    backbone = build_backbone(args) # 返回resnet50和position_encoding网络，其中resnet中layer2\3\4层之外不参与梯度更新

    transformer = build_transformer(args) # encoder and decoder

    model = DETR(
        backbone,
        transformer,
        num_classes=num_classes,
        num_queries=args.num_queries,
        aux_loss=args.aux_loss,
    )
    if args.masks: # 针对分割
        model = DETRsegm(model, freeze_detr=(args.frozen_weights is not None))
    matcher = build_matcher(args) # 匈牙利：an assignment between the targets and the predictions of the network
    weight_dict = {'loss_ce': 1, 'loss_bbox': args.bbox_loss_coef}
    weight_dict['loss_giou'] = args.giou_loss_coef
    if args.masks:
        weight_dict["loss_mask"] = args.mask_loss_coef
        weight_dict["loss_dice"] = args.dice_loss_coef
    # TODO this is a hack
    if args.aux_loss:
        aux_weight_dict = {}
        for i in range(args.dec_layers - 1):
            aux_weight_dict.update({k + f'_{i}': v for k, v in weight_dict.items()})
        weight_dict.update(aux_weight_dict)

    losses = ['labels', 'boxes', 'cardinality']
    if args.masks:
        losses += ["masks"]
    criterion = SetCriterion(num_classes, matcher=matcher, weight_dict=weight_dict,
                             eos_coef=args.eos_coef, losses=losses) # 评价标准：1）计算GT框和模型输出之间的匈牙利分配 2）监督每对匹配的GT/预测（监督类和框）
    criterion.to(device)
    postprocessors = {'bbox': PostProcess()} #converts the model's output into the format expected by the coco api
    if args.masks:
        postprocessors['segm'] = PostProcessSegm()
        if args.dataset_file == "coco_panoptic":
            is_thing_map = {i: i <= 90 for i in range(201)}
            postprocessors["panoptic"] = PostProcessPanoptic(is_thing_map, threshold=0.85)

    return model, criterion, postprocessors
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• 类DETR

class DETR(nn.Module):
    """ This is the DETR module that performs object detection """
    def __init__(self, backbone, transformer, num_classes, num_queries, aux_loss=False):
        """ Initializes the model.
        Parameters:
            backbone: torch module of the backbone to be used. See backbone.py
            transformer: torch module of the transformer architecture. See transformer.py
            num_classes: number of object classes
            num_queries: number of object queries, ie detection slot. This is the maximal number of objects
                         DETR can detect in a single image. For COCO, we recommend 100 queries.
            aux_loss: True if auxiliary decoding losses (loss at each decoder layer) are to be used.
        """
        super().__init__()
        self.num_queries = num_queries
        self.transformer = transformer
        hidden_dim = transformer.d_model
        self.class_embed = nn.Linear(hidden_dim, num_classes + 1)
        self.bbox_embed = MLP(hidden_dim, hidden_dim, 4, 3)
        self.query_embed = nn.Embedding(num_queries, hidden_dim)
        self.input_proj = nn.Conv2d(backbone.num_channels, hidden_dim, kernel_size=1)
        self.backbone = backbone
        self.aux_loss = aux_loss

    def forward(self, samples: NestedTensor):
        """ The forward expects a NestedTensor, which consists of:
               - samples.tensor: batched images, of shape [batch_size x 3 x H x W]
               - samples.mask: a binary mask of shape [batch_size x H x W], containing 1 on padded pixels

            It returns a dict with the following elements:
               - "pred_logits": the classification logits (including no-object) for all queries.
                                Shape= [batch_size x num_queries x (num_classes + 1)]
               - "pred_boxes": The normalized boxes coordinates for all queries, represented as
                               (center_x, center_y, height, width). These values are normalized in [0, 1],
                               relative to the size of each individual image (disregarding possible padding).
                               See PostProcess for information on how to retrieve the unnormalized bounding box.
               - "aux_outputs": Optional, only returned when auxilary losses are activated. It is a list of
                                dictionnaries containing the two above keys for each decoder layer.
        """
        if isinstance(samples, (list, torch.Tensor)):
            samples = nested_tensor_from_tensor_list(samples)
        features, pos = self.backbone(samples) # features为list类型，且元素为NestedTensor; pos为list类型，元素为tensor，torch.Size([2, 256, 28, 38])

        src, mask = features[-1].decompose() # 分解
        assert mask is not None
        hs = self.transformer(self.input_proj(src), mask, self.query_embed.weight, pos[-1])[0]

        outputs_class = self.class_embed(hs)
        outputs_coord = self.bbox_embed(hs).sigmoid()
        out = {'pred_logits': outputs_class[-1], 'pred_boxes': outputs_coord[-1]}
        if self.aux_loss:
            out['aux_outputs'] = self._set_aux_loss(outputs_class, outputs_coord)
        return out

    @torch.jit.unused # 向编译器指示应忽略函数或方法并用引发异常来替换
    def _set_aux_loss(self, outputs_class, outputs_coord):
        # this is a workaround to make torchscript happy, as torchscript
        # doesn't support dictionary with non-homogeneous values, such
        # as a dict having both a Tensor and a list.
        return [{'pred_logits': a, 'pred_boxes': b}
                for a, b in zip(outputs_class[:-1], outputs_coord[:-1])]
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• 匈牙利匹配

class HungarianMatcher(nn.Module):
    """This class computes an assignment between the targets and the predictions of the network

    For efficiency reasons, the targets don't include the no_object. Because of this, in general,
    there are more predictions than targets. In this case, we do a 1-to-1 matching of the best predictions,
    while the others are un-matched (and thus treated as non-objects).
    """

    def __init__(self, cost_class: float = 1, cost_bbox: float = 1, cost_giou: float = 1):
        """Creates the matcher

        Params:
            cost_class: This is the relative weight of the classification error in the matching cost
            cost_bbox: This is the relative weight of the L1 error of the bounding box coordinates in the matching cost
            cost_giou: This is the relative weight of the giou loss of the bounding box in the matching cost
        """
        super().__init__()
        self.cost_class = cost_class
        self.cost_bbox = cost_bbox
        self.cost_giou = cost_giou
        assert cost_class != 0 or cost_bbox != 0 or cost_giou != 0, "all costs cant be 0"

    @torch.no_grad() # 指明以下数据不需要计算梯度，不进行反向传播
    def forward(self, outputs, targets):
        """ Performs the matching

        Params:
            outputs: This is a dict that contains at least these entries:
                 "pred_logits": Tensor of dim [batch_size, num_queries, num_classes] with the classification logits
                 "pred_boxes": Tensor of dim [batch_size, num_queries, 4] with the predicted box coordinates

            targets: This is a list of targets (len(targets) = batch_size), where each target is a dict containing:
                 "labels": Tensor of dim [num_target_boxes] (where num_target_boxes is the number of ground-truth
                           objects in the target) containing the class labels
                 "boxes": Tensor of dim [num_target_boxes, 4] containing the target box coordinates

        Returns:
            A list of size batch_size, containing tuples of (index_i, index_j) where:
                - index_i is the indices of the selected predictions (in order)
                - index_j is the indices of the corresponding selected targets (in order)
            For each batch element, it holds:
                len(index_i) = len(index_j) = min(num_queries, num_target_boxes)
        """
        bs, num_queries = outputs["pred_logits"].shape[:2]

        # We flatten to compute the cost matrices in a batch
        out_prob = outputs["pred_logits"].flatten(0, 1).softmax(-1)  # [batch_size * num_queries, num_classes]
        out_bbox = outputs["pred_boxes"].flatten(0, 1)  # [batch_size * num_queries, 4]

        # Also concat the target labels and boxes
        tgt_ids = torch.cat([v["labels"] for v in targets])
        tgt_bbox = torch.cat([v["boxes"] for v in targets])

        # Compute the classification cost. Contrary to the loss, we don't use the NLL,
        # but approximate it in 1 - proba[target class].
        # The 1 is a constant that doesn't change the matching, it can be ommitted.
        cost_class = -out_prob[:, tgt_ids]

        # Compute the L1 cost between boxes
        cost_bbox = torch.cdist(out_bbox, tgt_bbox, p=1)

        # Compute the giou cost betwen boxes
        cost_giou = -generalized_box_iou(box_cxcywh_to_xyxy(out_bbox), box_cxcywh_to_xyxy(tgt_bbox))

        # Final cost matrix
        C = self.cost_bbox * cost_bbox + self.cost_class * cost_class + self.cost_giou * cost_giou
        C = C.view(bs, num_queries, -1).cpu()

        sizes = [len(v["boxes"]) for v in targets]
        indices = [linear_sum_assignment(c[i]) for i, c in enumerate(C.split(sizes, -1))] # C.split(sizes, -1)[0].shape: torch.Size([2, 100, 20]) ; C.split(sizes, -1)[1].shape=torch.Size([2, 100, 1])
        return [(torch.as_tensor(i, dtype=torch.int64), torch.as_tensor(j, dtype=torch.int64)) for i, j in indices]
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• 评估标准：loss

class SetCriterion(nn.Module):
    """ This class computes the loss for DETR.
    The process happens in two steps:
        1) we compute hungarian assignment between ground truth boxes and the outputs of the model
        2) we supervise each pair of matched ground-truth / prediction (supervise class and box)
    """
    def __init__(self, num_classes, matcher, weight_dict, eos_coef, losses):
        """ Create the criterion.
        Parameters:
            num_classes: number of object categories, omitting the special no-object category
            matcher: module able to compute a matching between targets and proposals
            weight_dict: dict containing as key the names of the losses and as values their relative weight.
            eos_coef: relative classification weight applied to the no-object category
            losses: list of all the losses to be applied. See get_loss for list of available losses.
        """
        super().__init__()
        self.num_classes = num_classes
        self.matcher = matcher
        self.weight_dict = weight_dict
        self.eos_coef = eos_coef
        self.losses = losses
        empty_weight = torch.ones(self.num_classes + 1)
        empty_weight[-1] = self.eos_coef
        self.register_buffer('empty_weight', empty_weight)

    def loss_labels(self, outputs, targets, indices, num_boxes, log=True):
        """Classification loss (NLL)
        targets dicts must contain the key "labels" containing a tensor of dim [nb_target_boxes]
        """
        assert 'pred_logits' in outputs
        src_logits = outputs['pred_logits']

        idx = self._get_src_permutation_idx(indices)
        target_classes_o = torch.cat([t["labels"][J] for t, (_, J) in zip(targets, indices)])
        target_classes = torch.full(src_logits.shape[:2], self.num_classes,
                                    dtype=torch.int64, device=src_logits.device)
        target_classes[idx] = target_classes_o

        loss_ce = F.cross_entropy(src_logits.transpose(1, 2), target_classes, self.empty_weight)
        losses = {'loss_ce': loss_ce}

        if log:
            # TODO this should probably be a separate loss, not hacked in this one here
            losses['class_error'] = 100 - accuracy(src_logits[idx], target_classes_o)[0]
        return losses

    @torch.no_grad() #指明以下数据不需要计算梯度，不进行反向传播
    def loss_cardinality(self, outputs, targets, indices, num_boxes):
        """ Compute the cardinality error, ie the absolute error in the number of predicted non-empty boxes
        This is not really a loss, it is intended for logging purposes only. It doesn't propagate gradients
        """
        pred_logits = outputs['pred_logits']
        device = pred_logits.device
        tgt_lengths = torch.as_tensor([len(v["labels"]) for v in targets], device=device)
        # Count the number of predictions that are NOT "no-object" (which is the last class)
        card_pred = (pred_logits.argmax(-1) != pred_logits.shape[-1] - 1).sum(1)
        card_err = F.l1_loss(card_pred.float(), tgt_lengths.float())
        losses = {'cardinality_error': card_err}
        return losses

    def loss_boxes(self, outputs, targets, indices, num_boxes):
        """Compute the losses related to the bounding boxes, the L1 regression loss and the GIoU loss
           targets dicts must contain the key "boxes" containing a tensor of dim [nb_target_boxes, 4]
           The target boxes are expected in format (center_x, center_y, w, h), normalized by the image size.
        """
        assert 'pred_boxes' in outputs
        idx = self._get_src_permutation_idx(indices)
        src_boxes = outputs['pred_boxes'][idx]
        target_boxes = torch.cat([t['boxes'][i] for t, (_, i) in zip(targets, indices)], dim=0)

        loss_bbox = F.l1_loss(src_boxes, target_boxes, reduction='none')

        losses = {}
        losses['loss_bbox'] = loss_bbox.sum() / num_boxes

        loss_giou = 1 - torch.diag(box_ops.generalized_box_iou(
            box_ops.box_cxcywh_to_xyxy(src_boxes),
            box_ops.box_cxcywh_to_xyxy(target_boxes)))
        losses['loss_giou'] = loss_giou.sum() / num_boxes
        return losses

    def loss_masks(self, outputs, targets, indices, num_boxes):
        """Compute the losses related to the masks: the focal loss and the dice loss.
           targets dicts must contain the key "masks" containing a tensor of dim [nb_target_boxes, h, w]
        """
        assert "pred_masks" in outputs

        src_idx = self._get_src_permutation_idx(indices)
        tgt_idx = self._get_tgt_permutation_idx(indices)
        src_masks = outputs["pred_masks"]
        src_masks = src_masks[src_idx]
        masks = [t["masks"] for t in targets]
        # TODO use valid to mask invalid areas due to padding in loss
        target_masks, valid = nested_tensor_from_tensor_list(masks).decompose()
        target_masks = target_masks.to(src_masks)
        target_masks = target_masks[tgt_idx]

        # upsample predictions to the target size
        src_masks = interpolate(src_masks[:, None], size=target_masks.shape[-2:],
                                mode="bilinear", align_corners=False)
        src_masks = src_masks[:, 0].flatten(1)

        target_masks = target_masks.flatten(1)
        target_masks = target_masks.view(src_masks.shape)
        losses = {
            "loss_mask": sigmoid_focal_loss(src_masks, target_masks, num_boxes),
            "loss_dice": dice_loss(src_masks, target_masks, num_boxes),
        }
        return losses

    def _get_src_permutation_idx(self, indices):
        # permute predictions following indices
        batch_idx = torch.cat([torch.full_like(src, i) for i, (src, _) in enumerate(indices)])
        src_idx = torch.cat([src for (src, _) in indices])
        return batch_idx, src_idx

    def _get_tgt_permutation_idx(self, indices):
        # permute targets following indices
        batch_idx = torch.cat([torch.full_like(tgt, i) for i, (_, tgt) in enumerate(indices)])
        tgt_idx = torch.cat([tgt for (_, tgt) in indices])
        return batch_idx, tgt_idx

    def get_loss(self, loss, outputs, targets, indices, num_boxes, **kwargs):
        loss_map = {
            'labels': self.loss_labels,
            'cardinality': self.loss_cardinality,
            'boxes': self.loss_boxes,
            'masks': self.loss_masks
        }
        assert loss in loss_map, f'do you really want to compute {loss} loss?'
        return loss_map[loss](outputs, targets, indices, num_boxes, **kwargs)

    def forward(self, outputs, targets):
        """ This performs the loss computation.
        Parameters:
             outputs: dict of tensors, see the output specification of the model for the format
             targets: list of dicts, such that len(targets) == batch_size.
                      The expected keys in each dict depends on the losses applied, see each loss' doc
        """
        outputs_without_aux = {k: v for k, v in outputs.items() if k != 'aux_outputs'}

        # Retrieve the matching between the outputs of the last layer and the targets
        indices = self.matcher(outputs_without_aux, targets) # giou、匈牙利匹配linear_sum_assignment

        # Compute the average number of target boxes accross all nodes, for normalization purposes
        num_boxes = sum(len(t["labels"]) for t in targets)
        num_boxes = torch.as_tensor([num_boxes], dtype=torch.float, device=next(iter(outputs.values())).device)
        if is_dist_avail_and_initialized():
            torch.distributed.all_reduce(num_boxes)
        num_boxes = torch.clamp(num_boxes / get_world_size(), min=1).item()

        # Compute all the requested losses
        losses = {}
        for loss in self.losses:
            losses.update(self.get_loss(loss, outputs, targets, indices, num_boxes))

        # In case of auxiliary losses, we repeat this process with the output of each intermediate layer.
        if 'aux_outputs' in outputs:
            for i, aux_outputs in enumerate(outputs['aux_outputs']):
                indices = self.matcher(aux_outputs, targets)
                for loss in self.losses:
                    if loss == 'masks':
                        # Intermediate masks losses are too costly to compute, we ignore them.
                        continue
                    kwargs = {}
                    if loss == 'labels':
                        # Logging is enabled only for the last layer
                        kwargs = {'log': False}
                    l_dict = self.get_loss(loss, aux_outputs, targets, indices, num_boxes, **kwargs)
                    l_dict = {k + f'_{i}': v for k, v in l_dict.items()}
                    losses.update(l_dict)

        return losses
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2、train

def train_one_epoch(model: torch.nn.Module, criterion: torch.nn.Module,
                    data_loader: Iterable, optimizer: torch.optim.Optimizer,
                    device: torch.device, epoch: int, max_norm: float = 0):
    model.train()
    criterion.train()
    metric_logger = utils.MetricLogger(delimiter="  ")
    metric_logger.add_meter('lr', utils.SmoothedValue(window_size=1, fmt='{value:.6f}'))
    metric_logger.add_meter('class_error', utils.SmoothedValue(window_size=1, fmt='{value:.2f}'))
    header = 'Epoch: [{}]'.format(epoch)
    print_freq = 10

    for samples, targets in metric_logger.log_every(data_loader, print_freq, header):
        samples = samples.to(device) # NestedTensor类型，成员mask、tensor
        targets = [{k: v.to(device) for k, v in t.items()} for t in targets]

        outputs = model(samples)
        loss_dict = criterion(outputs, targets)
        weight_dict = criterion.weight_dict
        losses = sum(loss_dict[k] * weight_dict[k] for k in loss_dict.keys() if k in weight_dict)

        # reduce losses over all GPUs for logging purposes
        loss_dict_reduced = utils.reduce_dict(loss_dict)
        loss_dict_reduced_unscaled = {f'{k}_unscaled': v
                                      for k, v in loss_dict_reduced.items()}
        loss_dict_reduced_scaled = {k: v * weight_dict[k]
                                    for k, v in loss_dict_reduced.items() if k in weight_dict}
        losses_reduced_scaled = sum(loss_dict_reduced_scaled.values())

        loss_value = losses_reduced_scaled.item()

        if not math.isfinite(loss_value):
            print("Loss is {}, stopping training".format(loss_value))
            print(loss_dict_reduced)
            sys.exit(1)

        optimizer.zero_grad()
        losses.backward()
        if max_norm > 0:
            torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), max_norm)
        optimizer.step()

        metric_logger.update(loss=loss_value, **loss_dict_reduced_scaled, **loss_dict_reduced_unscaled)
        metric_logger.update(class_error=loss_dict_reduced['class_error'])
        metric_logger.update(lr=optimizer.param_groups[0]["lr"])
    # gather the stats from all processes
    metric_logger.synchronize_between_processes()
    print("Averaged stats:", metric_logger)
    return {k: meter.global_avg for k, meter in metric_logger.meters.items()}
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3、evaluate

3.1、模型：

backbone：

• CNN特征features(list类型)：NestedTensor—tensors（torch.Size([2, 2048, 28, 38])）、mask
• 位置编码pos(list类型)：torch.Size([2, 256, 28, 38])

features, pos = self.backbone(samples)# backbone包含：CNN特征提取模型（如resnet、vgg)和位置编码模型（sine或学习）
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transformer:

hs = self.transformer(self.input_proj(src), mask, self.query_embed.weight, pos[-1])[0] # 解码特征torch.Size([6, 2, 100, 256])
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self.input_proj为conv2d，将特征维度映射到transformer维度。src、mask分别为features[0]、features[1]。
返回transformer解码层的最后解码结果，大小torch.Size([6, 2, 100, 256])。 6表示解码特征维度，即transformer编码解码层数为6；2表示批处理数量；100为作者设定的查询token，即表示最多同时检测 100 个物体；256为特征大小。

预测：

• 类别预测：nn.Linear(hs)
• 坐标预测：MLP(hs).sigmoid()
  得：
  
  即最后模型输出结果为out。包含keys-values：
• pred_logits：类别标签值；
• pred_boxes：检测框，归一化（center_x, center_y, h, w)；
• aux_outputs：（可选），用于辅助损失计算，返回的每个解码层结果，不包含最后一层解码层（已包含在pred_logits, pred_boxes中）。

3.2、特征评估：

matcher：giou、匈牙利分配，预测（最后一层输出（即out前两个key)）与targets.

indices = self.matcher(outputs_without_aux, targets) # giou、匈牙利匹配linear_sum_assignment between the outputs of the last layer and the targets
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• 先对pred_logits使用softmax()计算类别概率值，然后根据targets的类别索引取相应类别的概率值，计算分类损失cost_class。
• 计算boxes的L1损失cost_bbox
• 计算boxes giou损失cost_giou

损失矩阵：

C = self.cost_bbox * cost_bbox + self.cost_class * cost_class + self.cost_giou * cost_giou
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改进的匈牙利算法分配：

indices = [linear_sum_assignment(c[i]) for i, c in enumerate(C.split(sizes, -1))] # sizes对应批次中每个图像包含的targets数量，此处批处理大小为2，sizes=[n1,n2]
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对批处理中的每个图像predicts和targets的损失矩阵计算分配，返回匹配成功的索引值。linear_sum_assignment执行次数由batch_size决定。c[i]大小为[len(predicts), len(targets)]。

losses：
postprocessors：pred_boxes转原始图像，xyxy格式。

检测结果为：

可阅读博客:

https://blog.csdn.net/baidu_36913330/article/details/120495817