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对于XILINX,7系列FPGA,关于GTX核对配置见PG168,了解GTX内部结构及更多的知识见ug476。
以7系列XC7k325t-ffg900为例,见各ug476,351页。可看到该芯片共有4个高速bank,分别为115 116 117 118;每个bank又有4组收发模块和两组时钟模块。
1,GTX时钟和复位
(1)时钟源:
GTX输入参考时钟通过2组时钟模块的任意一组输入.后通过 IBUFDS_GTE2源于得到参考时钟输入给GT模块.。此处有两种PLL由Xilinx提供给用户使用。一种为CPLL,一种为QPLL,其中主要区别为CPLL一个bank中共有4个,一个收发模块一个;而QPLL只有两个,一个时钟模块对应一个。从GTX速率而言,CPLL主要用低于6.25G速率的收发设计;而QPLL主要支持高于6.25G低于10.3025G速率的收发器设计。
(2)发送端初始化复位:
在时钟CPLL或QPLL时钟locked拉高(表示时钟稳定,可以正常工作)。通过GTTXRESET复位GT发送器,发送器收到复位信号从底层PMA到PCS依次复位。在PMA层,待TXPMAREAET从高变成低通过PMA层,待TXUSERRDY为高,到达PCS层;在PCS层,待TXPCSREAET从高变成低通过PCS层,则TXREAETDONE拉高,发送器复位完成。之后发送复位状态机完成复位,输出发送状态机复位完成信号。复位关系和时序如图所示:
(3)接收端初始化复位:
在时钟CPLL或QPLL时钟locked拉高(表示时钟稳定,可以正常工作)。通过GTRXRESET复位GT接收器,接收器收到复位信号从底层PMA到到DFE,LPM到EYESCAN到PCS到BUF依次复位。在PMA层,待RXPMAREAET从高变成低通过PMA层,RXPMARESETDONE拉高;到达DFELPM层,待RXDFELPMRESET从高变成低通过DFE LPM层,RXDFE LPMRESETDONE拉高;到达EYECAN层,待RXEYECANRESET从高变成低通过EYECAN层,RXEYECANRESETDONE拉高;待RXUSERRDY为高;到达PCS层;在PCS层,待RXPCSREAET从高变成低通过PCS层,则RXPCSREAETDONE拉高;到达BUF层,待RXBUFRESET从高变成低通过BUF层,RXBUFRESETDONE拉高;最后RXRESETDONE拉高;接收器复位完成。之后接收复位状态机完成复位,输出接收状态机复位完成信号。复位关系和时序如图所示:
2,GTX发送器
FPGA内部每一个收发器都有一个独立的发送端,发送端由PMA,PCS组成;由图可以看出PMA层包括并串转换,预加重,均衡,时钟发生器等;PCS层包括 8B/10B编码,数据缓冲区等。具体如图所示:
interface用户接口:使能8B/10B,数据位宽可以为:16,32,64;不使能8B/10B,数据位宽可以为:16,20,32,40,64,80;时钟=线速率/(8B/10B编码后的数据位宽);
8B/10B编码:保证时钟恢复,提供数据对齐,保持良好的直流平衡;
tx buffer :主要用户消除两个时钟直接的相位差;也可以不用;
tx pattern generator :通过伪随机数来扩频;
tx polarity control :如果P N接反,则通过配置该为矫正;
3,GTX接收器
接收器和发送器的数据流相反,接收器需要恢复时钟,补偿数据,恢复数据,串并转换,再8B/10B解码;最后输出数据给用户接口;如图:
DFE和LPM :数据到达接收器后,先经过RX均衡器,均衡器主要用于补偿信号在信道传输过程中的高频损失;DFE和LPM是接收器中的两种均衡器,LPM功耗较低,DFE能提供更精准的滤波参数。
RX,CDR :时钟恢复电路, 接收端需要恢复时钟和数据,主要通过这个模块实现时钟,数据恢复。
其余模块都与发送端类似。
4,IP配置(以XC7K325T-FFG900为例)
(1) IP配置有两种方式选择。有两种方式:一种完成集成与IP核,只需要列化一个模块就能可以,但是这种种方式不太灵活,如果多通道并用,可能不好处理,还有一种核心模块为IP,其余使用例程,参考例程设计。具体选择可根据具体需求来实现:(我的设计中采用了只使用核心IP,其余参考例程设计)
(2)主要配置页
protocol :协议选择,GTX是高速串行收发器,在他的基础上可以很多的协议如SDI ,10Gbase,aurora,hdmi,sata等;
line rate :线速率配置,当前芯片最大支持10.3125G;
reference clock :参考时钟,由外部输入,根据线速率选择合适的参考时钟输入;
pll selection :PLL选择;
transceiver selection:收发器选择,一个bank有4个收发器,根据项目需求,原理设计选择。
(3)8B/10B使能,BUF配置,por选择
8B/10B :根据设计选择8B/10B是否使能,配置数据位宽为16,32,64;
drpclk/sysclk :系统时钟输入,复位信号等由该时钟产生;可输入0-175m时钟;
synchronization and clocking :配置接收时钟,配置时钟源,是否使用buf;
optional port :可以根据需求引出相关端口,以帮助IP核配置,控制使用。
(4)K码,均衡配置
rx comma detection : 接收端对齐数据选择,可配置为2byte, 4byte 等。具体根据数据位宽决定;
termination and equalization :均衡器配置,可配合ibert核使用,得到最合理的参数然后配置给IP核。
(5) 后面暂时不用管,直接下一步到最后完成配置。
5, 附上一个简单GT口配置逻辑,以便今后回顾。
- // ____ ____
- // / /\/ /
- // /___/ \ / Vendor: Xilinx
- // \ \ \/ Version : 3.6
- // \ \ Application : 7 Series FPGAs Transceivers Wizard
- // / / Filename : gtwizard_0_support.v
- // /___/ /\
- // \ \ / \
- // \___\/\___\
- //
- //
- // Module gtwizard_0_support
- // Generated by Xilinx 7 Series FPGAs Transceivers Wizard
- //
- //
- // (c) Copyright 2010-2012 Xilinx, Inc. All rights reserved.
- //
- // This file contains confidential and proprietary information
- // of Xilinx, Inc. and is protected under U.S. and
- // international copyright and other intellectual property
- // laws.
- //
- // DISCLAIMER
- // This disclaimer is not a license and does not grant any
- // rights to the materials distributed herewith. Except as
- // otherwise provided in a valid license issued to you by
- // Xilinx, and to the maximum extent permitted by applicable
- // law: (1) THESE MATERIALS ARE MADE AVAILABLE "AS IS" AND
- // WITH ALL FAULTS, AND XILINX HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
- // AND CONDITIONS, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING
- // BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-
- // INFRINGEMENT, OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE; and
- // (2) Xilinx shall not be liable (whether in contract or tort,
- // including negligence, or under any other theory of
- // liability) for any loss or damage of any kind or nature
- // related to, arising under or in connection with these
- // materials, including for any direct, or any indirect,
- // special, incidental, or consequential loss or damage
- // (including loss of data, profits, goodwill, or any type of
- // loss or damage suffered as a result of any action brought
- // by a third party) even if such damage or loss was
- // reasonably foreseeable or Xilinx had been advised of the
- // possibility of the same.
- //
- // CRITICAL APPLICATIONS
- // Xilinx products are not designed or intended to be fail-
- // safe, or for use in any application requiring fail-safe
- // performance, such as life-support or safety devices or
- // systems, Class III medical devices, nuclear facilities,
- // applications related to the deployment of airbags, or any
- // other applications that could lead to death, personal
- // injury, or severe property or environmental damage
- // (individually and collectively, "Critical
- // Applications"). Customer assumes the sole risk and
- // liability of any use of Xilinx products in Critical
- // Applications, subject only to applicable laws and
- // regulations governing limitations on product liability.
- //
- // THIS COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER MUST BE RETAINED AS
- // PART OF THIS FILE AT ALL TIMES.
-
- `timescale 1ns / 1ps
- module gt_wrap (
- input sysclk_in,
- input sysreset_in,
-
- input clk1_gtrefclk_n,
- input clk1_gtrefclk_p,
- input [1:0] gtxrxp_in,
- input [1:0] gtxrxn_in,
- output [1:0] gtxtxn_out,
- output [1:0] gtxtxp_out,
-
- output qpll_locked,
- output [1:0] rx_resetdone,
- output [1:0] tx_resetdone,
- output [1:0] tx_fsm_reset_done,
- output [1:0] rx_fsm_reset_done,
-
- output tx_clk,
- output rx_clk,
- output [7:0] rx_charisk,
- output [63:0] rx_data,
- input [7:0] tx_charisk,
- input [63:0] tx_data,
-
- input ctrl_loppback,
- output [7:0] rx_disperr,
- output [7:0] rx_notintable,
- output [5:0] rx_bufstatus
- );
- genvar i ;
- //qpll
- wire commonreset_i;
- wire gt0_qplllock_i;
- wire gt0_qpllrefclklost_i ;
- wire [1:0] gt0_qpllreset_i ;
- wire gt0_qpllreset_t ;
- wire gt0_qplloutclk_i ;
- wire gt0_qplloutrefclk_i ;
- //Reference Clocks
- wire q0_clk1_refclk_i;
- //User Clocks
- wire [1:0] gt0_rxoutclk_i;
- wire [1:0] gt0_txoutclk_i;
- wire gt0_txusrclk_i;
- wire gt0_rxusrclk_i;
- wire gt0_txusrclk2_i;
- wire gt0_rxusrclk2_i;
-
- //**************************** Main Body of Code *******************************
-
- assign qpll_locked = gt0_qplllock_i;
- assign tx_clk = gt0_txusrclk2_i;
- assign rx_clk = gt0_rxusrclk2_i;
-
- gtwizard_0_GT_USRCLK_SOURCE gtwizard_0_GT_USRCLK_SOURCE (
- .GT0_TXUSRCLK_OUT (gt0_txusrclk_i),
- .GT0_TXUSRCLK2_OUT (gt0_txusrclk2_i ),
- .GT0_TXOUTCLK_IN (gt0_txoutclk_i[0]),
- .GT0_RXUSRCLK_OUT (gt0_rxusrclk_i),
- .GT0_RXUSRCLK2_OUT (gt0_rxusrclk2_i ),
- .GT0_RXOUTCLK_IN (gt0_rxoutclk_i[0]),
-
- .Q0_CLK1_GTREFCLK_PAD_N_IN (clk1_gtrefclk_n),
- .Q0_CLK1_GTREFCLK_PAD_P_IN (clk1_gtrefclk_p),
- .Q0_CLK1_GTREFCLK_OUT (q0_clk1_refclk_i)
- );
-
- gtwizard_0_common #(
- .WRAPPER_SIM_GTRESET_SPEEDUP("TRUE"),
- .SIM_QPLLREFCLK_SEL(3'b010)
- )
- gtwizard_0_common (
- .QPLLREFCLKSEL_IN(3'b010),
- .GTREFCLK0_IN(1'b0),
- .GTREFCLK1_IN(q0_clk1_refclk_i),
- .QPLLLOCK_OUT(gt0_qplllock_i),
- .QPLLLOCKDETCLK_IN(sysclk_in),
- .QPLLOUTCLK_OUT(gt0_qplloutclk_i),
- .QPLLOUTREFCLK_OUT(gt0_qplloutrefclk_i),
- .QPLLREFCLKLOST_OUT(gt0_qpllrefclklost_i),
- .QPLLRESET_IN(gt0_qpllreset_t)
- );
- assign gt0_qpllreset_t = commonreset_i | >0_qpllreset_i;
-
- gtwizard_0_common_reset #(
- .STABLE_CLOCK_PERIOD (8) // Period of the stable clock driving this state-machine, unit is [ns]
- )
- gtwizard_0_common_reset (
- .STABLE_CLOCK(sysclk_in), //Stable Clock, either a stable clock from the PCB
- .SOFT_RESET(sysreset_in), //User Reset, can be pulled any time
- .COMMON_RESET(commonreset_i) //Reset QPLL
- );
- generate
- for (i=0;i<2;i=i+1)
- begin : gt_gen
- gtwizard_0 gtwizard_0_init_i (
- .sysclk_in (sysclk_in),
- .soft_reset_tx_in (sysreset_in),
- .soft_reset_rx_in (sysreset_in),
- .dont_reset_on_data_error_in (1'b0),
- .gt0_tx_fsm_reset_done_out (tx_fsm_reset_done[i]),
- .gt0_rx_fsm_reset_done_out (rx_fsm_reset_done[i]),
- .gt0_data_valid_in (1'b1),
-
- //_____________________________________________________________________
- //_____________________________________________________________________
- //GT0 (X1Y0)
-
- //-------------------------- Channel - DRP Ports --------------------------
- .gt0_drpaddr_in (9'd0), // input wire [8:0] gt0_drpaddr_in
- .gt0_drpclk_in (sysclk_in), // input wire sysclk_in_i
- .gt0_drpdi_in (16'd0), // input wire [15:0] gt0_drpdi_in
- .gt0_drpdo_out ( ), // output wire [15:0] gt0_drpdo_out
- .gt0_drpen_in (1'b0), // input wire gt0_drpen_in
- .gt0_drprdy_out ( ), // output wire gt0_drprdy_out
- .gt0_drpwe_in (1'b0), // input wire gt0_drpwe_in
- //------------------------- Digital Monitor Ports --------------------------
- .gt0_dmonitorout_out ( ), // output wire [7:0] gt0_dmonitorout_out
- //----------------------------- Loopback Ports -----------------------------
- .gt0_loopback_in ({2'd0,ctrl_loppback }), // input wire [2:0] gt0_loopback_in
- //------------------- RX Initialization and Reset Ports --------------------
- .gt0_eyescanreset_in (1'b0), // input wire gt0_eyescanreset_in
- .gt0_rxuserrdy_in (1'b0), // input wire gt0_rxuserrdy_in
- //------------------------ RX Margin Analysis Ports ------------------------
- .gt0_eyescandataerror_out ( ), // output wire gt0_eyescandataerror_out
- .gt0_eyescantrigger_in (1'b0), // input wire gt0_eyescantrigger_in
- //---------------- Receive Ports - FPGA RX Interface Ports -----------------
- .gt0_rxusrclk_in (gt0_rxusrclk_i), // input wire gt0_rxusrclk_i
- .gt0_rxusrclk2_in (gt0_rxusrclk_i), // input wire gt0_rxusrclk2_i
- //---------------- Receive Ports - FPGA RX interface Ports -----------------
- .gt0_rxdata_out (rx_data[32*i+:32]), // output wire [31:0] gt0_rxdata_out
- //---------------- Receive Ports - RX 8B/10B Decoder Ports -----------------
- .gt0_rxdisperr_out (rx_disperr[4*i+:4]), // output wire [3:0] gt0_rxdisperr_out
- .gt0_rxnotintable_out (rx_notintable[4*i+:4]), // output wire [3:0] gt0_rxnotintable_out
- //------------------------- Receive Ports - RX AFE -------------------------
- .gt0_gtxrxp_in (gtxrxp_in[i]), // input wire gt0_gtxrxp_in
- //---------------------- Receive Ports - RX AFE Ports ----------------------
- .gt0_gtxrxn_in (gtxrxn_in[i]), // input wire gt0_gtxrxn_in
- //----------------- Receive Ports - RX Buffer Bypass Ports -----------------
- .gt0_rxbufstatus_out (rx_bufstatus[3*i+:3]), // output wire [2:0] gt0_rxbufstatus_out
- //------------------- Receive Ports - RX Equalizer Ports -------------------
- .gt0_rxdfelpmreset_in (1'b0), // input wire gt0_rxdfelpmreset_in
- .gt0_rxmonitorout_out ( ), // output wire [6:0] gt0_rxmonitorout_out
- .gt0_rxmonitorsel_in (1'b0), // input wire [1:0] gt0_rxmonitorsel_in
- //------------- Receive Ports - RX Fabric Output Control Ports -------------
- .gt0_rxoutclk_out (gt0_rxoutclk_i[i]), // output wire gt0_rxoutclk_i
- .gt0_rxoutclkfabric_out ( ), // output wire gt0_rxoutclkfabric_out
- //----------- Receive Ports - RX Initialization and Reset Ports ------------
- .gt0_gtrxreset_in (1'b0), // input wire gt0_gtrxreset_in
- .gt0_rxpmareset_in (1'b0), // input wire gt0_rxpmareset_in
- //----------------- Receive Ports - RX8B/10B Decoder Ports -----------------
- .gt0_rxcharisk_out (rx_charisk[4*i+:4]), // output wire [3:0] gt0_rxcharisk_out
- //------------ Receive Ports -RX Initialization and Reset Ports ------------
- .gt0_rxresetdone_out (rx_resetdone[i]), // output wire gt0_rxresetdone_out
- //------------------- TX Initialization and Reset Ports --------------------
- .gt0_gttxreset_in (1'b0), // input wire gt0_gttxreset_in
- .gt0_txuserrdy_in (1'b0), // input wire gt0_txuserrdy_in
- //---------------- Transmit Ports - FPGA TX Interface Ports ----------------
- .gt0_txusrclk_in (gt0_txusrclk_i), // input wire gt0_txusrclk_i
- .gt0_txusrclk2_in (gt0_txusrclk_i), // input wire gt0_txusrclk2_i
- //---------------- Transmit Ports - TX Data Path interface -----------------
- .gt0_txdata_in (tx_data[32*i+:32]), // input wire [31:0] gt0_txdata_in
- //-------------- Transmit Ports - TX Driver and OOB signaling --------------
- .gt0_gtxtxn_out (gtxtxn_out[i]), // output wire gt0_gtxtxn_out
- .gt0_gtxtxp_out (gtxtxp_out[i]), // output wire gt0_gtxtxp_out
- //--------- Transmit Ports - TX Fabric Clock Output Control Ports ----------
- .gt0_txoutclk_out (gt0_txoutclk_i[i]), // output wire gt0_txoutclk_i
- .gt0_txoutclkfabric_out ( ), // output wire gt0_txoutclkfabric_out
- .gt0_txoutclkpcs_out ( ), // output wire gt0_txoutclkpcs_out
- //------------------- Transmit Ports - TX Gearbox Ports --------------------
- .gt0_txcharisk_in (tx_charisk[4*i+:4]), // input wire [3:0] gt0_txcharisk_in
- //----------- Transmit Ports - TX Initialization and Reset Ports -----------
- .gt0_txresetdone_out (tx_resetdone[i]), // output wire gt0_txresetdone_out
-
-
-
- .gt0_qplllock_in(gt0_qplllock_i),
- .gt0_qpllrefclklost_in(gt0_qpllrefclklost_i),
- .gt0_qpllreset_out(gt0_qpllreset_i[i]),
- .gt0_qplloutclk_in(gt0_qplloutclk_i),
- .gt0_qplloutrefclk_in(gt0_qplloutrefclk_i)
- );
- end
- endgenerate
-
- endmodule
相关问题记录:
1,GTX时钟专用buf原语 :
- IBUFDS_GTE2 IBUFDS_GTE2_inst (
- .O(gtx_clk_out),
- .ODIV2(),
- .I(gtx_clk_in_p),
- .CEB(1'b0),
- .IB(gtx_clk_in_n)
- );
2 ,光口接收时钟源配置一般有两种,使用RXOUTCLK,也可用RXOUTCLK;如果速率较高建议选择RXOUTCLK,保证数据和时钟同步,能更有效的保证数据采集。
3,data_valid_in端口外部配置1,改信号主要影响接收复位状态机。
4, gtx数据接口为isk和dat;isk和dat按字节对应。
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