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本文原作者:小虾米君,原文发布于:TechMerger
前言
本文将向您介绍如何向系统提供语音识别的 SpeechRecognizer 服务,3rd Party App 如何使用它们,以及系统地联系这两者。
如何实现识别服务?
首先我们得提供识别服务的实现,简单来说继承 RecognitionService 实现最重要的几个抽象方法即可:
首先可以定义抽象的识别 Engine 的接口 IRecognitionEngine;
在 RecognitionService 启动的时候获取识别 engine 提供商的实现实例;
在 onStartListening() 里解析识别请求 Intent 中的参数,比如语言、最大结果数等信息,封装成 json 字符串传递给 engine 的开始识别。那么 Engine 也需要依据参数进行识别实现方面的调整,并将识别过程中相应的状态、结果返回,比如开始说话 beginningOfSpeech()、结束说话 endOfSpeech()、中间结果 partialResults() 等;
onStopListening() 里调用 engine 的停止识别,同样需要 engine 回传结果,比如最终识别结果 results();
onCancel() 里执行 engine 提供的 release() 进行识别 engine 的解绑、资源释放。
- interface IRecognitionEngine {
- fun init()
- fun startASR(parameter: String, callback: Callback?)
- fun stopASR(callback: Callback?)
- fun release(callback: Callback?)
- }
-
-
- class CommonRecognitionService : RecognitionService() {
- private val recognitionEngine: IRecognitionEngine by lazy {
- RecognitionProvider.provideRecognition()
- }
-
-
- override fun onCreate() {
- super.onCreate()
- recognitionEngine.init()
- }
-
-
- override fun onStartListening(intent: Intent?, callback: Callback?) {
- val params: String = "" // Todo parse parameter from intent
-
-
- recognitionEngine.startASR(params, callback)
- }
-
-
- override fun onStopListening(callback: Callback?) {
- recognitionEngine.stopASR(callback)
- }
-
-
- override fun onCancel(callback: Callback?) {
- recognitionEngine.release(callback)
- }
- }
当然不要忘记在 Manifest 中声明:
- <service
- android:name=".recognition.service.CommonRecognitionService"
- android:exported="true">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.speech.RecognitionService"/>
- </intent-filter>
- </service>
如何请求识别?
首先得声明 capture audio 的 Runtime 权限,还需补充运行时权限的代码逻辑。
- <manifest ... >
- <uses-configuration android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"/>
- </manifest>
另外,Android 11 以上的话,需要额外添加对识别服务的包名 query 声明。
- <manifest ... >
- ...
- <queries>
- <intent>
- <action
- android:name="android.speech.RecognitionService" />
- </intent>
- </queries>
- </manifest>
权限满足之后,最好先检查整个系统里是否有 Recognition 服务可用,没有的话直接结束即可。
- class RecognitionHelper(val context: Context) {
- fun prepareRecognition(): Boolean {
- if (!SpeechRecognizer.isRecognitionAvailable(context)) {
- Log.e("RecognitionHelper", "System has no recognition service yet.")
- return false
- }
- ...
- }
- }
有可用服务的话,通过 SpeechRecognizer 提供的静态方法创建调用识别的入口实例,该方法必须在主线程调用。
- class RecognitionHelper(val context: Context) : RecognitionListener{
- private lateinit var recognizer: SpeechRecognizer
-
-
- fun prepareRecognition(): Boolean {
- ...
- recognizer = SpeechRecognizer.createSpeechRecognizer(context)
- ...
- }
- }
当然如果系统搭载的服务不止一个,并且已知了其包名,可指定识别的实现方:
- public static SpeechRecognizer createSpeechRecognizer (Context context,
- ComponentName serviceComponent)
接下来就是设置 Recognition 的监听器,对应着识别过程中各种状态,比如:
onPartialResults() 返回的中间识别结果,通过 SpeechRecognizer#RESULTS_RECOGNITION key 去 Bundle 中获取识别字符串 getStringArrayList(String);
onResults() 将返回最终识别的结果,解析办法同上;
onBeginningOfSpeech(): 检测到说话开始;
onEndOfSpeech(): 检测到说话结束;
onError() 将返回各种错误,和 SpeechRecognizer#ERROR_XXX 中各数值相对应,例如没有麦克风权限的话,会返回 ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_PERMISSIONS;
等等。
- class RecognitionHelper(val context: Context) : RecognitionListener{
- ...
- fun prepareRecognition(): Boolean {
- ...
- recognizer.setRecognitionListener(this)
- return true
- }
-
-
- override fun onReadyForSpeech(p0: Bundle?) {
- }
-
-
- override fun onBeginningOfSpeech() {
- }
-
-
- override fun onRmsChanged(p0: Float) {
- }
-
-
- override fun onBufferReceived(p0: ByteArray?) {
- }
-
-
- override fun onEndOfSpeech() {
- }
-
-
- override fun onError(p0: Int) {
- }
-
-
- override fun onResults(p0: Bundle?) {
- }
-
-
- override fun onPartialResults(p0: Bundle?) {
- }
-
-
- override fun onEvent(p0: Int, p1: Bundle?) {
- }
- }
之后创建识别的必要 Intent 信息并启动,信息包括:
EXTRA_LANGUAGE_MODEL: 必选,期望识别的偏好模型,比如代码里设置的自由形式的 LANGUAGE_MODEL_FREE_FORM 模型,还有依赖网络搜索的 LANGUAGE_MODEL_WEB_SEARCH 模型等;
EXTRA_PARTIAL_RESULTS: 可选,是否要求识别服务回传识别途中的结果,默认 false;
EXTRA_MAX_RESULTS: 可选,设置允许服务返回的最多结果数值,int 类型;
EXTRA_LANGUAGE: 可选,设置识别语言,默认情况下是 Locale.getDefault() 的地区语言 (笔者使用的是 Google Assistant 提供的识别服务,暂不支持中文,所以此处配置的 Locale 为 ENGLISH);
等等。
另外,需要留意两点:1. 此方法必须在上述监听器设置之后进行;2. 该方法得在主线程发起:
- class RecognitionHelper(val context: Context) : RecognitionListener{
- ...
- fun startRecognition() {
- val intent = createRecognitionIntent()
- recognizer.startListening(intent)
- }
- ...
- }
-
-
- fun createRecognitionIntent() = Intent(RecognizerIntent.ACTION_RECOGNIZE_SPEECH).apply {
- putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_LANGUAGE_MODEL, RecognizerIntent.LANGUAGE_MODEL_FREE_FORM)
- putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_PARTIAL_RESULTS, true)
- putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_MAX_RESULTS, 3)
- putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_LANGUAGE, Locale.ENGLISH)
- }
下面我们添加一个布局调用上述的 RecognitionHelper 进行识别的初始化和启动,并将结果进行展示。
同时添加和 UI 交互的中间识别结果和最终识别结果的 interface,将 RecognitionListener 的数据带回。
- interface ASRResultListener {
- fun onPartialResult(result: String)
-
-
- fun onFinalResult(result: String)
- }
-
-
- class RecognitionHelper(private val context: Context) : RecognitionListener {
- ...
- private lateinit var mResultListener: ASRResultListener
-
-
- fun prepareRecognition(resultListener: ASRResultListener): Boolean {
- ...
- mResultListener = resultListener
- ...
- }
-
-
- ...
-
-
- override fun onPartialResults(bundle: Bundle?) {
- bundle?.getStringArrayList(SpeechRecognizer.RESULTS_RECOGNITION)?.let {
- Log.d(
- "RecognitionHelper", "onPartialResults() with:$bundle" +
- " results:$it"
- )
-
-
- mResultListener.onPartialResult(it[0])
- }
- }
-
-
- override fun onResults(bundle: Bundle?) {
- bundle?.getStringArrayList(SpeechRecognizer.RESULTS_RECOGNITION)?.let {
- Log.d(
- "RecognitionHelper", "onResults() with:$bundle" +
- " results:$it"
- )
-
-
- mResultListener.onFinalResult(it[0])
- }
- }
- }
接着,Activity 实现该接口,将数据展示到 TextView,为了能够肉眼分辨中间结果的识别过程,在更新 TextView 前进行 300ms 的等待。
- class RecognitionActivity : AppCompatActivity(), ASRResultListener {
- private lateinit var binding: RecognitionLayoutBinding
- private val recognitionHelper: RecognitionHelper by lazy {
- RecognitionHelper(this)
- }
-
-
- private var updatingTextTimeDelayed = 0L
- private val mainHandler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())
-
-
- override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
- ...
-
-
- if (!recognitionHelper.prepareRecognition(this)) {
- Toast.makeText(this, "Recognition not available", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
-
-
- return
- }
-
-
- binding.start.setOnClickListener {
- Log.d("RecognitionHelper", "startRecognition()")
-
-
- recognitionHelper.startRecognition()
- }
-
-
- binding.stop.setOnClickListener {
- Log.d("RecognitionHelper", "stopRecognition()")
-
-
- recognitionHelper.stopRecognition()
- }
- }
-
-
- override fun onStop() {
- super.onStop()
- Log.d("RecognitionHelper", "onStop()")
-
-
- recognitionHelper.releaseRecognition()
- }
-
-
- override fun onPartialResult(result: String) {
- Log.d("RecognitionHelper", "onPartialResult() with result:$result")
-
-
- updatingTextTimeDelayed += 300L
- mainHandler.postDelayed(
- {
- Log.d("RecognitionHelper", "onPartialResult() updating")
- binding.recoAsr.text = result
- }, updatingTextTimeDelayed
- )
- }
-
-
- override fun onFinalResult(result: String) {
- Log.d("RecognitionHelper", "onFinalResult() with result:$result")
-
-
- updatingTextTimeDelayed += 300L
- mainHandler.postDelayed(
- {
- Log.d("RecognitionHelper", "onFinalResult() updating")
- binding.recoAsr.text = result
- }, updatingTextTimeDelayed
- )
- }
- }
我们点击 "START RECOGNITION" button,然后可以看到手机右上角显示了 mic 录音中,当我们说出 "Can you introduce yourself" 后,TextView 能够逐步上屏,呈现打字机的效果。
下面是过程中的 log,也反映了识别过程:
- // 初始化
- 08-15 22:43:13.963 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onCreate()
- 08-15 22:43:14.037 6879 6879 E RecognitionHelper: audio recording permission granted
- 08-15 22:43:14.050 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onStart()
-
-
- // 开始识别
- 08-15 22:43:41.491 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: startRecognition()
- 08-15 22:43:41.577 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onReadyForSpeech()
- 08-15 22:43:41.776 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onRmsChanged() with:-2.0
- ...
- 08-15 22:43:46.532 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onRmsChanged() with:-0.31999993
-
-
- // 检测到开始说话
- 08-15 22:43:46.540 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onBeginningOfSpeech()
-
-
- // 第 1 个识别结果:Can
- 08-15 22:43:46.541 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onPartialResults() with:Bundle[{results_recognition=[Can], android.speech.extra.UNSTABLE_TEXT=[]}] results:[Can]
- 08-15 22:43:46.541 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onPartialResult() with result:Can
-
-
- // 第 2 个识别结果:Can you
- 08-15 22:43:46.542 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onPartialResults() with:Bundle[{results_recognition=[Can you], android.speech.extra.UNSTABLE_TEXT=[]}] results:[Can you]
- 08-15 22:43:46.542 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onPartialResult() with result:Can you
-
-
- // 第 3 个识别结果:Can you in
- 08-15 22:43:46.542 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onPartialResults() with:Bundle[{results_recognition=[Can you in], android.speech.extra.UNSTABLE_TEXT=[]}] results:[Can you in]
- 08-15 22:43:46.542 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onPartialResult() with result:Can you in
-
-
- // 第 4 个识别结果:Can you intro
- 08-15 22:43:46.542 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onPartialResults() with:Bundle[{results_recognition=[Can you intro], android.speech.extra.UNSTABLE_TEXT=[]}] results:[Can you intro]
- 08-15 22:43:46.542 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onPartialResult() with result:Can you intro
-
-
- // 第 n 个识别结果:Can you introduce yourself
- 08-15 22:43:46.542 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onPartialResults() with:Bundle[{results_recognition=[Can you introduce yourself], android.speech.extra.UNSTABLE_TEXT=[]}] results:[Can you introduce yourself]
- 08-15 22:43:46.542 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onPartialResult() with result:Can you introduce yourself
-
-
- // 检测到停止说话
- 08-15 22:43:46.543 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onEndOfSpeech()
- 08-15 22:43:46.543 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onEndOfSpeech()
- 08-15 22:43:46.545 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onResults() with:Bundle[{results_recognition=[Can you introduce yourself], confidence_scores=[0.0]}] results:[Can you introduce yourself]
-
-
- // 识别到最终结果:Can you introduce yourself
- 08-15 22:43:46.545 6879 6879 D RecognitionHelper: onFinalResult() with result:Can you introduce yourself
系统如何调度?
SpeechRecognizer 没有像 Text-to-speech 一样在设置中提供独立的设置入口,其默认 App 由 VoiceInteraction 联动设置。
但如下命令可以 dump 出系统默认的识别服务。
adb shell settings get secure voice_recognition_service
当在模拟器中 dump 的话,可以看到默认搭载的是 Google 的识别服务。
com.google.android.tts/com.google.android.apps.speech.tts.googletts.service.GoogleTTSRecognitionService
在三星设备中 dump 的话,则是 Samsung 提供的识别服务。
com.samsung.android.bixby.agent/.mainui.voiceinteraction.RecognitionServiceTrampoline
我们从请求识别中提及的几个 API 入手探究一下识别服务的实现原理。
检测识别服务
检查服务是否可用的实现很简单,即是用 Recognition 专用的 Action (*"android.speech.RecognitionService"*) 去 PackageManager 中检索,能够启动的 App 存在 1 个的话,即认为系统有识别服务可用。
- public static boolean isRecognitionAvailable(final Context context) {
- final List<ResolveInfo> list = context.getPackageManager().queryIntentServices(
- new Intent(RecognitionService.SERVICE_INTERFACE), 0);
- return list != null && list.size() != 0;
- }
初始化识别服务
正如【如何请求识别?】章节中讲述的,调用静态方法 createSpeechRecognizer() 完成初始化,内部将检查 Context 是否存在、依据是否指定识别服务的包名决定是否记录目标的服务名称。
- public static SpeechRecognizer createSpeechRecognizer(final Context context) {
- return createSpeechRecognizer(context, null);
- }
-
-
- public static SpeechRecognizer createSpeechRecognizer(final Context context,
- final ComponentName serviceComponent) {
- if (context == null) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Context cannot be null");
- }
- checkIsCalledFromMainThread();
- return new SpeechRecognizer(context, serviceComponent);
- }
-
-
- private SpeechRecognizer(final Context context, final ComponentName serviceComponent) {
- mContext = context;
- mServiceComponent = serviceComponent;
- mOnDevice = false;
- }
得到 SpeechRecognizer 之后调用 setRecognitionListener() 则稍微复杂些:
检查调用源头是否属于主线程;
创建专用 Message MSG_CHANGE_LISTENER;
如果系统处理 Recognition 请求的服务 SpeechRecognitionManagerService 尚未建立连接,先将该 Message 排入 Pending Queue,等后续发起识别的时候创建连接后会将 Message 发往 Handler;
反之直接放入 Handler 等待调度。
- public void setRecognitionListener(RecognitionListener listener) {
- checkIsCalledFromMainThread();
- putMessage(Message.obtain(mHandler, MSG_CHANGE_LISTENER, listener));
- }
-
-
- private void putMessage(Message msg) {
- if (mService == null) {
- mPendingTasks.offer(msg);
- } else {
- mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
- }
- }
而 Handler 通过 handleChangeListener() 将 Listener 实例更新。
- private Handler mHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()) {
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- ...
- case MSG_CHANGE_LISTENER:
- handleChangeListener((RecognitionListener) msg.obj);
- break;
- ...
- }
- }
- };
-
-
- private void handleChangeListener(RecognitionListener listener) {
- if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "handleChangeListener, listener=" + listener);
- mListener.mInternalListener = listener;
- }
开始识别
startListening() 首先将确保识别请求的 Intent 不为空,否则弹出 "intent must not be null" 的提示,接着检查调用线程是否是主线程,反之抛出 "SpeechRecognizer should be used only from the application's main thread" 的 Exception。
然后就是确保服务是准备妥当的,否则调用 connectToSystemService() 建立识别服务的连接。
- public void startListening(final Intent recognizerIntent) {
- if (recognizerIntent == null) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("intent must not be null");
- }
- checkIsCalledFromMainThread();
-
-
- if (mService == null) {
- // First time connection: first establish a connection, then dispatch #startListening.
- connectToSystemService();
- }
- putMessage(Message.obtain(mHandler, MSG_START, recognizerIntent));
- }
connectToSystemService() 的第一步是调用 getSpeechRecognizerComponentName() 获取识别服务的组件名称,一种是来自于请求 App 的指定,一种是来自 SettingsProvider 中存放的当前识别服务的包名 VOICE_RECOGNITION_SERVICE,其实就是和 VoiceInteraction 的 App 一致。如果包名不存在的话结束。
包名确实存在的话,通过 IRecognitionServiceManager.aidl 向 SystemServer 中管理语音识别的 SpeechRecognitionManagerService 系统服务发送创建 Session 的请求。
- /** Establishes a connection to system server proxy and initializes the session. */
- private void connectToSystemService() {
- if (!maybeInitializeManagerService()) {
- return;
- }
-
-
- ComponentName componentName = getSpeechRecognizerComponentName();
-
-
- if (!mOnDevice && componentName == null) {
- mListener.onError(ERROR_CLIENT);
- return;
- }
-
-
- try {
- mManagerService.createSession(
- componentName,
- mClientToken,
- mOnDevice,
- new IRecognitionServiceManagerCallback.Stub(){
- @Override
- public void onSuccess(IRecognitionService service) throws RemoteException {
- mService = service;
- while (!mPendingTasks.isEmpty()) {
- mHandler.sendMessage(mPendingTasks.poll());
- }
- }
-
-
- @Override
- public void onError(int errorCode) throws RemoteException {
- mListener.onError(errorCode);
- }
- });
- } catch (RemoteException e) {
- e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
- }
- }
SpeechRecognitionManagerService 的处理是调用 SpeechRecognitionManagerServiceImpl 实现。
- // SpeechRecognitionManagerService.java
- final class SpeechRecognitionManagerServiceStub extends IRecognitionServiceManager.Stub {
- @Override
- public void createSession(
- ComponentName componentName,
- IBinder clientToken,
- boolean onDevice,
- IRecognitionServiceManagerCallback callback) {
- int userId = UserHandle.getCallingUserId();
- synchronized (mLock) {
- SpeechRecognitionManagerServiceImpl service = getServiceForUserLocked(userId);
- service.createSessionLocked(componentName, clientToken, onDevice, callback);
- }
- }
- ...
- }
SpeechRecognitionManagerServiceImpl 则是交给 RemoteSpeechRecognitionService 类完成和 App 识别服务的绑定,可以看到 RemoteSpeechRecognitionService 将负责和识别服务的通信。
- // SpeechRecognitionManagerServiceImpl.java
- void createSessionLocked( ... ) {
- ...
- RemoteSpeechRecognitionService service = createService(creatorCallingUid, serviceComponent);
- ...
- service.connect().thenAccept(binderService -> {
- if (binderService != null) {
- try {
- callback.onSuccess(new IRecognitionService.Stub() {
- @Override
- public void startListening( ... )
- throws RemoteException {
- ...
- service.startListening(recognizerIntent, listener, attributionSource);
- }
- ...
- });
- } catch (RemoteException e) {
- tryRespondWithError(callback, SpeechRecognizer.ERROR_CLIENT);
- }
- } else {
- tryRespondWithError(callback, SpeechRecognizer.ERROR_CLIENT);
- }
- });
- }
当和识别服务 App 的连接建立成功或者已经存在的话,发送 MSG_START 的 Message,Main Handler 则是调用 handleStartListening() 继续。其首先会再度检查 mService 是否存在,避免引发 NPE。
接着,向该 AIDL 接口代理对象发送开始聆听的请求。
- private Handler mHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()) {
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case MSG_START:
- handleStartListening((Intent) msg.obj);
- break;
- ...
- }
- }
- };
-
-
- private void handleStartListening(Intent recognizerIntent) {
- if (!checkOpenConnection()) {
- return;
- }
- try {
- mService.startListening(recognizerIntent, mListener, mContext.getAttributionSource());
- }
- ...
- }
该 AIDL 的定义在如下文件中:
- // android/speech/IRecognitionService.aidl
- oneway interface IRecognitionService {
- void startListening(in Intent recognizerIntent, in IRecognitionListener listener,
- in AttributionSource attributionSource);
-
-
- void stopListening(in IRecognitionListener listener);
-
-
- void cancel(in IRecognitionListener listener, boolean isShutdown);
- ...
- }
该 AIDL 的实现在系统的识别管理类 SpeechRecognitionManagerServiceImpl 中:
- // com/android/server/speech/SpeechRecognitionManagerServiceImpl.java
- void createSessionLocked( ... ) {
- ...
- service.connect().thenAccept(binderService -> {
- if (binderService != null) {
- try {
- callback.onSuccess(new IRecognitionService.Stub() {
- @Override
- public void startListening( ...) {
- attributionSource.enforceCallingUid();
- if (!attributionSource.isTrusted(mMaster.getContext())) {
- attributionSource = mMaster.getContext()
- .getSystemService(PermissionManager.class)
- .registerAttributionSource(attributionSource);
- }
- service.startListening(recognizerIntent, listener, attributionSource);
- }
- ...
- });
- } ...
- } else {
- tryRespondWithError(callback, SpeechRecognizer.ERROR_CLIENT);
- }
- });
- }
此后还要经过一层 RemoteSpeechRecognitionService 的中转:
- // com/android/server/speech/RemoteSpeechRecognitionService.java
- void startListening(Intent recognizerIntent, IRecognitionListener listener,
- @NonNull AttributionSource attributionSource) {
- ...
- synchronized (mLock) {
- if (mSessionInProgress) {
- tryRespondWithError(listener, SpeechRecognizer.ERROR_RECOGNIZER_BUSY);
- return;
- }
-
-
- mSessionInProgress = true;
- mRecordingInProgress = true;
-
-
- mListener = listener;
- mDelegatingListener = new DelegatingListener(listener, () -> {
- synchronized (mLock) {
- resetStateLocked();
- }
- });
-
-
- final DelegatingListener listenerToStart = this.mDelegatingListener;
- run(service ->
- service.startListening(
- recognizerIntent,
- listenerToStart,
- attributionSource));
- }
- }
最后调用具体服务的实现,自然位于 RecognitionService 中,该 Binder 线程向主线程发送 MSG_START_LISTENING Message:
- /** Binder of the recognition service */
- private static final class RecognitionServiceBinder extends IRecognitionService.Stub {
- ...
- @Override
- public void startListening(Intent recognizerIntent, IRecognitionListener listener,
- @NonNull AttributionSource attributionSource) {
- final RecognitionService service = mServiceRef.get();
- if (service != null) {
- service.mHandler.sendMessage(Message.obtain(service.mHandler,
- MSG_START_LISTENING, service.new StartListeningArgs(
- recognizerIntent, listener, attributionSource)));
- }
- }
- ...
- }
-
-
- private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case MSG_START_LISTENING:
- StartListeningArgs args = (StartListeningArgs) msg.obj;
- dispatchStartListening(args.mIntent, args.mListener, args.mAttributionSource);
- break;
- ...
- }
- }
- };
Handler 接受一样将具体事情交由 dispatchStartListening() 继续,最重要的内容是检查发起识别的 Intent 中是否提供了 EXTRA_AUDIO_SOURCE 活跃音频来源,或者请求的 App 是否具备 RECORD_AUDIO 的 permission。
- private void dispatchStartListening(Intent intent, final IRecognitionListener listener,
- @NonNull AttributionSource attributionSource) {
- try {
- if (mCurrentCallback == null) {
- boolean preflightPermissionCheckPassed =
- intent.hasExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_AUDIO_SOURCE)
- || checkPermissionForPreflightNotHardDenied(attributionSource);
- if (preflightPermissionCheckPassed) {
- mCurrentCallback = new Callback(listener, attributionSource);
- RecognitionService.this.onStartListening(intent, mCurrentCallback);
- }
-
-
- if (!preflightPermissionCheckPassed || !checkPermissionAndStartDataDelivery()) {
- listener.onError(SpeechRecognizer.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_PERMISSIONS);
- if (preflightPermissionCheckPassed) {
- // If we attempted to start listening, cancel the callback
- RecognitionService.this.onCancel(mCurrentCallback);
- dispatchClearCallback();
- }
- }
- ...
- }
- } catch (RemoteException e) {
- Log.d(TAG, "onError call from startListening failed");
- }
- }
任一条件满足的话,调用服务实现的 onStartListening 方法发起识别,具体逻辑由各自的服务决定,其最终将调用 Callback 返回识别状态和结果,对应着【如何请求识别?】章节里的 RecognitionListener 回调。
protected abstract void onStartListening(Intent recognizerIntent, Callback listener);
停止识别 & 取消服务
后续的停止识别 stopListening()、取消服务 cancel() 的实现链路和开始识别基本一致,最终分别抵达 RecognitionService 的 onStopListening() 以及 onCancel() 回调。
唯一区别的地方在于 stop 只是暂时停止识别,识别 App 的连接还在,而 cancel 则是断开了连接、并重置了相关数据。
- void cancel(IRecognitionListener listener, boolean isShutdown) {
- ...
- synchronized (mLock) {
- ...
- mRecordingInProgress = false;
- mSessionInProgress = false;
-
-
- mDelegatingListener = null;
- mListener = null;
-
-
- // Schedule to unbind after cancel is delivered.
- if (isShutdown) {
- run(service -> unbind());
- }
- }
- }
结语
最后我们结合一张图整体了解一下 SpeechRecognizer 机制的链路:
需要语音识别的 App 通过 SpeechRecognizer 发送 Request;
SpeechRecognizer 在发起识别的时候通过 IRecognitionServiceManager.aidl 告知 SystemServer 的 SpeechRecognitionManagerService 系统服务,去 SettingsProvider 中获取默认的 Recognition 服务包名;
SpeechRecognitionManagerService 并不直接负责绑定,而是交由 SpeechRecognitionManagerServiceImpl 调度;
SpeechRecognitionManagerServiceImpl 则是交给 RemoteSpeechRecognitionService 专门绑定和管理;
RemoteSpeechRecognitionService 通过 IRecognitionService.aidl 和具体的识别服务 RecognitionService 进行交互;
RecognitionService 则会通过 Handler 切换到主线程,调用识别 engine 开始处理识别请求,并通过 Callback 内部类完成识别状态、结果的返回;
后续则是 RecognitionService 通过 IRecognitionListener.aidl 将结果传递至 SystemServer,以及进一步抵达发出请求的 App 源头。
参考资料
https://developer.android.google.cn/reference/android/speech/SpeechRecognizer
https://developer.android.google.cn/reference/kotlin/android/speech/RecognitionService
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