风格迁移+人脸识别+视觉应用展望_人脸风格迁移

作者：知新_RL | 2024-08-03 14:36:13

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人脸风格迁移

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风格迁移

风格迁移: 使用卷积神经网络自动将某图像中的样式应用在另一图像之上;这里我们需要两张输入图像，一张是内容图像，另一张是样式图像，我们将使用神经网络修改内容图像使其在样式上接近样式图像。

一、方法

<1> 首先，我们初始化合成图像，例如将其初始化成内容图像。该合成图像是样式迁移过程中唯一需要更新的变量，即样式迁移所需迭代的模型参数。

<2> 然后，我们选择一个预训练的卷积神经网络来抽取图像的特征，其中的模型参数在训练中无须更新。深度卷积神经网络凭借多个层逐级抽取图像的特征。我们可以选择其中某些层的输出作为内容特征或样式特征。

二、损失函数

1. 内容代价函数

2. 风格代价函数

代码PyTorch如下（示例）：


%matplotlib inline
import torch
import torchvision
from torch import nn
from d2l import torch as d2l
 
d2l.set_figsize()
content_img = d2l.Image.open('../img/rainier.jpg')
d2l.plt.imshow(content_img);
 
 
style_img = d2l.Image.open('../img/autumn-oak.jpg')
d2l.plt.imshow(style_img);

left: content_img; right: style_img


rgb_mean = torch.tensor([0.485, 0.456, 0.406])
rgb_std = torch.tensor([0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
 
def preprocess(img, image_shape):
    transforms = torchvision.transforms.Compose([
        torchvision.transforms.Resize(image_shape),
        torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(),
        torchvision.transforms.Normalize(mean=rgb_mean, std=rgb_std)])
    return transforms(img).unsqueeze(0)
 
def postprocess(img):
    img = img[0].to(rgb_std.device)
    img = torch.clamp(img.permute(1, 2, 0) * rgb_std + rgb_mean, 0, 1)
    return torchvision.transforms.ToPILImage()(img.permute(2, 0, 1))
 
pretrained_net = torchvision.models.vgg19(pretrained=True)
 
style_layers, content_layers = [0, 5, 10, 19, 28], [25]
 
net = nn.Sequential(*[pretrained_net.features[i] for i in
                      range(max(content_layers + style_layers) + 1)])
 
def extract_features(X, content_layers, style_layers):
    contents = []
    styles = []
    for i in range(len(net)):
        X = net[i](X)
        if i in style_layers:
            styles.append(X)
        if i in content_layers:
            contents.append(X)
    return contents, styles
 
def get_contents(image_shape, device):
    content_X = preprocess(content_img, image_shape).to(device)
    contents_Y, _ = extract_features(content_X, content_layers, style_layers)
    return content_X, contents_Y
 
def get_styles(image_shape, device):
    style_X = preprocess(style_img, image_shape).to(device)
    _, styles_Y = extract_features(style_X, content_layers, style_layers)
    return style_X, styles_Y
 
def content_loss(Y_hat, Y):
    # 我们从动态计算梯度的树中分离目标：
    # 这是一个规定的值，而不是一个变量。
    return torch.square(Y_hat - Y.detach()).mean()
 
def gram(X):
    num_channels, n = X.shape[1], X.numel() // X.shape[1]
    X = X.reshape((num_channels, n))
    return torch.matmul(X, X.T) / (num_channels * n)
 
def style_loss(Y_hat, gram_Y):
    return torch.square(gram(Y_hat) - gram_Y.detach()).mean()
 
def tv_loss(Y_hat):
    return 0.5 * (torch.abs(Y_hat[:, :, 1:, :] - Y_hat[:, :, :-1, :]).mean() +
                  torch.abs(Y_hat[:, :, :, 1:] - Y_hat[:, :, :, :-1]).mean())
 
content_weight, style_weight, tv_weight = 1, 1e3, 10
 
def compute_loss(X, contents_Y_hat, styles_Y_hat, contents_Y, styles_Y_gram):
    # 分别计算内容损失、风格损失和全变分损失
    contents_l = [content_loss(Y_hat, Y) * content_weight for Y_hat, Y in zip(
        contents_Y_hat, contents_Y)]
    styles_l = [style_loss(Y_hat, Y) * style_weight for Y_hat, Y in zip(
        styles_Y_hat, styles_Y_gram)]
    tv_l = tv_loss(X) * tv_weight
    # 对所有损失求和
    l = sum(10 * styles_l + contents_l + [tv_l])
    return contents_l, styles_l, tv_l, l
 
class SynthesizedImage(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, img_shape, **kwargs):
        super(SynthesizedImage, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.rand(*img_shape))
 
    def forward(self):
        return self.weight
 
def get_inits(X, device, lr, styles_Y):
    gen_img = SynthesizedImage(X.shape).to(device)
    gen_img.weight.data.copy_(X.data)
    trainer = torch.optim.Adam(gen_img.parameters(), lr=lr)
    styles_Y_gram = [gram(Y) for Y in styles_Y]
    return gen_img(), styles_Y_gram, trainer
 
def train(X, contents_Y, styles_Y, device, lr, num_epochs, lr_decay_epoch):
    X, styles_Y_gram, trainer = get_inits(X, device, lr, styles_Y)
    scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(trainer, lr_decay_epoch, 0.8)
    animator = d2l.Animator(xlabel='epoch', ylabel='loss',
                            xlim=[10, num_epochs],
                            legend=['content', 'style', 'TV'],
                            ncols=2, figsize=(7, 2.5))
    for epoch in range(num_epochs):
        trainer.zero_grad()
        contents_Y_hat, styles_Y_hat = extract_features(
            X, content_layers, style_layers)
        contents_l, styles_l, tv_l, l = compute_loss(
            X, contents_Y_hat, styles_Y_hat, contents_Y, styles_Y_gram)
        l.backward()
        trainer.step()
        scheduler.step()
        if (epoch + 1) % 10 == 0:
            animator.axes[1].imshow(postprocess(X))
            animator.add(epoch + 1, [float(sum(contents_l)),
                                     float(sum(styles_l)), float(tv_l)])
    return X
 
device, image_shape = d2l.try_gpu(), (300, 450)
net = net.to(device)
content_X, contents_Y = get_contents(image_shape, device)
_, styles_Y = get_styles(image_shape, device)
output = train(content_X, contents_Y, styles_Y, device, 0.3, 500, 50)