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docker创建网桥及存储卷管理_docker 创建网桥

docker 创建网桥
  • 自定义docker0的桥的网络属性信息

自定义docker0的桥的网络属性信息需要修改/etc/docker/daemon.jsom配置文件

[root@cxr ~]# vi /etc/docker/daemon.json 

{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://hzlytjqu.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],            //这个是配置的加速器不需要写
  "bip":"192.168.1.1/24"        //想要修改的网关
}

[root@cxr ~]#  systemctl daemon-reload
[root@cxr ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@cxr ~]# docker run -itd --name web busybox                //创建一个容器
4b0a393beb69cfba0a07183d55879df05902c4c9fe5247572029370e3b7c23dc
[root@cxr ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
4b0a393beb69   busybox   "sh"      14 seconds ago   Up 13 seconds             web
[root@cxr ~]# docker inspect web | grep IPAddress                 //查看IP是否已经更改
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "IPAddress": "192.168.1.2",
                    "IPAddress": "192.168.1.2",

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  • 自定义docker网桥
    额外创建一个自定义网桥
[root@cxr ~]# docker network ls           //原本只有三个网桥
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
ecbfa2f87150   bridge    bridge    local
0482f6be6b37   host      host      local
63b6dd5ecb39   none      null      local
[root@cxr ~]# docker network create -d bridge --subnet "192.168.2.0/24" --gateway "192.168.2.1" cxr1          //自定义一个网桥
[root@cxr ~]# docker network ls                //可以看到刚才创建的网桥
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
ecbfa2f87150   bridge    bridge    local
515eda81c941   cxr1      bridge    local
0482f6be6b37   host      host      local
63b6dd5ecb39   none      null      local

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  • 使用刚才创建的网桥来创建容器
[root@cxr ~]# docker run -it --name cxr --network cxr1 busybox
/ # ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:C0:A8:02:02  
          inet addr:192.168.2.2  Bcast:192.168.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0             //这里的IP已经发生改变
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:36 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:5124 (5.0 KiB)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

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  • 使用默认bridge桥来创建一个容器
[root@cxr ~]# docker run -it --name cxr1 busybox
/ # ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:C0:A8:01:03  
          inet addr:192.168.1.3  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:15 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:2004 (1.9 KiB)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

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  • 很明显这两个容器的IP地址不一样
  • 让这两个容器实现互通
[root@cxr ~]# docker network connect cxr1 c2      //c2这个容器连接到cxr1这个网络
/ # ifconfig                    //查看c2的网卡状态发现多了一个192.168.2.3的ip
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02  
          inet addr:172.17.0.2  Bcast:172.17.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:2826 (2.7 KiB)  TX bytes:532 (532.0 B)

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:C0:A8:02:03  
          inet addr:192.168.2.3  Bcast:192.168.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:28 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:5 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:2942 (2.8 KiB)  TX bytes:378 (378.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:504 (504.0 B)  TX bytes:504 (504.0 B)
/ # ping 192.168.2.3     //进入到c2这个容器来ping c1 可以看到已经ping通了
PING 192.168.2.3 (192.168.2.3): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.2.3: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.209 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.2.3: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.070 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.2.3: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms

//在进到c1里面去ping c2
/ # ping 192.168.2.3            //也可以通信了
PING 192.168.2.3 (192.168.2.3): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.2.3: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.257 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.2.3: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.135 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.2.3: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.126 ms

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  • 断掉网络连接
[root@cxr ~]# docker network disconnect cxr1 c2
//进入到c2查看网卡状态
/ # ifconfig                     //可以看到已经没有192.168.2.3这个IP了
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02  
          inet addr:172.17.0.2  Bcast:172.17.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:2826 (2.7 KiB)  TX bytes:532 (532.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:504 (504.0 B)  TX bytes:504 (504.0 B)

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存储卷的分类
Docker有两种类型的卷,每种类型都在容器中存在一个挂载点,但其在宿主机上的位置有所不同:

Bind mount volume
a volume that points to a user-specified location on the host file system
Docker-managed volume
the Docker daemon creates managed volumes in a portion of the host’s file system that’s owned bye Docker
容器中管理数据主要有两种方式:

数据卷(Data Volumes)
数据卷容器(Data Volumes Containers)

Docker-managed volume

[root@cxr ~]# docker run -it --name b1 -v /data busybox /bin/sh
/ # ls
bin   data  dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var
/ # 
[root@cxr ~]# docker inspect b1               //查看b1的数据存储的位置

"GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4b18b15683bd89181ca89e0cd4745c38cccda997020ceee02ec95f37af52fca5-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b65ed408da5ee16c9432d490934e947c18d98197b991db35b0d72901e4591e92/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4b18b15683bd89181ca89e0cd4745c38cccda997020ceee02ec95f37af52fca5/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4b18b15683bd89181ca89e0cd4745c38cccda997020ceee02ec95f37af52fca5/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4b18b15683bd89181ca89e0cd4745c38cccda997020ceee02ec95f37af52fca5/work"
            },


   //在虚拟机上容器data存储的位置
[root@cxr diff]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/a7d16fe6c1cd102558b38945f895290ffe5c10c9c7eb99b0f71f3cce9cd91309/_data
[root@cxr _data]# touch 123         //在data中创建一个文件123
[root@cxr _data]# ls
123

/data # ls /data/         //在容器中查看是否有123这个文件
123
[root@cxr _data]# rm -f 123    //在虚拟机中删除123文件
/data # ls /data/            //在容器中查看也被删除了
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Bind mount volume

[root@cxr _data]# docker run -it  --name b2 -v /web:/data busybox               //创建一个容器并把data目录映射到虚拟机上的web
[root@cxr ~]# ls /             //在虚拟机上也可以看到web这个目录
bin   dev  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr  web
[root@cxr ~]# cd /web/      
[root@cxr web]# echo "hello java" > index.html            //在这个目录随便写个东西
/ # ls
bin   data  dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var
/ # cd /data/
/data # ls
index.html
/data # cat index.html                 //可以看到在容器中也是可以看到的
hello java
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  • 利用存储卷提供网站类容

  • 源码之家找一个html源
[root@cxr ~]# unzip 漂亮的个人主页HTML源码.zip
[root@cxr ~]# mv 漂亮的个人主页HTML源码 gerenzhuye
[root@cxr ~]# rm -rf 漂亮的个人主页HTML源码.zip 
[root@cxr ~]# cp -r gerenzhuye/ /web/
[root@cxr ~]# ls /web/
gerenzhuye  index.html
[root@cxr ~]# cd /web/
[root@cxr web]# ll
总用量 4
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 137 5月   2 03:17 gerenzhuye
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  11 5月   2 02:27 index.html
[root@cxr web]# rm -f index.html 
[root@cxr web]# mv gerenzhuye/ index.html
[root@cxr web]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 137 5月   2 03:17 index.html
//然后做一个apache的容器
[root@cxr _data]# docker run -d --name web -v /web:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs -p 80:80 httpd       //把web目录和容器中的/usr/local/apache2/htdocs做一个绑定,把容器里的80端口映射到虚拟机上
Unable to find image 'httpd:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
1fe172e4850f: Pull complete 
e2fa1fe9b1ec: Pull complete 
60dd7398e74e: Pull complete 
ea2ca81c6d4c: Pull complete 
f646c69a26ec: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e02a2ef36151905c790efb0a8472f690010150f062639bd8c0760e7b1e884c07
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
c71462d8ed565f03315e7cb3c50adf1fb5de81bfec6c6bfc514f68916609cf36
[root@cxr _data]# cd 
[root@cxr ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
c71462d8ed56   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   17 seconds ago   Up 15 seconds   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   web
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  • 在浏览器上查看
    在这里插入图片描述
    能访问就说明已经成功了
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