java.lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to start service Intent

先来看下log：

11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: Process: com.shift.phonemanager, PID: 911
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start receiver com.shift.phonemanager.apps.accesslog.PermissionAccessStartReceiver: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to start service Intent { cmp=com.shift.phonemanager/.apps.accesslog.service.PermissionAccessLogService }: app is in background uid UidRecord{a423648 u0a80 RCVR idle change:uncached procs:1 seq(0,0,0)}
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.app.ActivityThread.handleReceiver(ActivityThread.java:3197)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap17(Unknown Source:0)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1675)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6518)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:438)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:807)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to start service Intent { cmp=com.shift.phonemanager/.apps.accesslog.service.PermissionAccessLogService }: app is in background uid UidRecord{a423648 u0a80 RCVR idle change:uncached procs:1 seq(0,0,0)}
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.app.ContextImpl.startServiceCommon(ContextImpl.java:1521)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.app.ContextImpl.startService(ContextImpl.java:1477)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.content.ContextWrapper.startService(ContextWrapper.java:650)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.content.ContextWrapper.startService(ContextWrapper.java:650)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at com.shift.phonemanager.apps.accesslog.PermissionAccessStartReceiver.startAccessLogService(PermissionAccessStartReceiver.java:22)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at com.shift.phonemanager.apps.accesslog.PermissionAccessStartReceiver.onReceive(PermissionAccessStartReceiver.java:18)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.app.ActivityThread.handleReceiver(ActivityThread.java:3190)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	... 8 more

该Exception 是从ContextImpl.java 中抛出来的，详细可以看 Android service 启动篇之 startService

代码如下：

    private ComponentName startServiceCommon(Intent service, boolean requireForeground,
            UserHandle user) {
        try {
            validateServiceIntent(service);
            service.prepareToLeaveProcess(this);
            ComponentName cn = ActivityManager.getService().startService(
                mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), service, service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(
                            getContentResolver()), requireForeground,
                            getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());
            if (cn != null) {
                if (cn.getPackageName().equals("!")) {
                    throw new SecurityException(
                            "Not allowed to start service " + service
                            + " without permission " + cn.getClassName());
                } else if (cn.getPackageName().equals("!!")) {
                    throw new SecurityException(
                            "Unable to start service " + service
                            + ": " + cn.getClassName());
                } else if (cn.getPackageName().equals("?")) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException(
                            "Not allowed to start service " + service + ": " + cn.getClassName());
                }
            }
            return cn;
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
        }
    }

当返回的ComponentName 的package name 为 "？" 的时候就会抛出这个异常。

通过Android service 启动篇之 startService 的 3.3.1 中我们可以知道，必须要满足一定的条件，应用才能启动后台服务。

结论：

顺利启动service，需要满足下面的条件：

• app 为persistent
• 或 service 的uid 在background 的白名单中
• 或 service 的uid 在device id 的白名单中 
• 对于 service 的应用SDK 版本小于O（26），而且AppOpsManager 中是allowed 状态
• 对于SDK 大于等于O（26）的service，不满足上面条件只能选择前台服务，通过startForegroundService 启动

详细 service 的机制可以看 Android 中service 详解