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标题:Android蓝牙开发—经典蓝牙详细开发流程
作者:Errol_King
原文链接:Android蓝牙开发—经典蓝牙详细开发流程_蓝牙开发流程-CSDN博客
设备列表:是指附近的可见蓝牙设备,但是还没匹配
匹配设备列表:是指已经完成匹配的列表
设备类型分为:【未匹配状态】、【匹配状态】、【配对状态】
未匹配,就是指从来没有匹配过的设备
匹配状态,就是指设备间已经相互完成了身份验证,处于待配对(待建立Socket)状态
以前蓝牙配对的时候,手机会弹出一个对话框,提示输入pin码,其实也就是提前约定的一个配对码,到后来,手机与与手机之间的连接就不需要配对码了(实际上是程序内部完成了配对的过程)
当然,手机与一些蓝牙硬件(例如单片机+蓝牙模块的组合)配对时,还是需要输入pin码(不过也能通过程序自动完成验证)
配对的过程,其实就是Socket通信的一个过程,两个蓝牙设备仅仅匹配是还不能够传递数据的,只有当二者建立了Socket通道之后,才能进行数据的传递
- <!-- 使用蓝牙的权限 -->
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
- <!-- 扫描蓝牙设备或者操作蓝牙设置 -->
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
- <!--模糊定位权限,仅作用于6.0+-->
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
- <!--精准定位权限,仅作用于6.0+-->
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
后边的模糊定位和精准定位是必须的,没有这两个权限,注册BroadcastReceiver 监听扫描结果时,不会成功的,不走扫描开始之类的方法
Android的蓝牙开发有涉及到不同的蓝牙种类,例如低功耗蓝牙(BluetoothGatt)、蓝牙健康(BlueToothHealth)等,这里介绍的依然是常规的蓝牙开发API
这个类代表着本地的蓝牙适配器,让你可以从事各种与蓝牙相关的操作,例如开始和停止设备的查找;查询已匹配的设备并以集合的形式返回;通过已知的设备地址,实例化一个BlueToothDevice;创建一个BluetoothServerSocket来监听来自其他设备的链接请求等等,总之要想使用本机的蓝牙,这个类是极其重要的
- //获取本地蓝牙适配器
- bluetoothAdapter=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
- /**
- * 设备是否支持蓝牙 true为支持
- * @return
- */
- public boolean isSupportBlue(){
- return bluetoothAdapter!= null;
- }
- //获取BluetoothAdapter对象
- mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
- //判断设备是否支持蓝牙,如果mBluetoothAdapter为空则不支持,否则支持
- if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
- Toast.makeText(this, "这台设备不支持蓝牙", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- } else {
- // If BT is not on, request that it be enabled.
- // setupChat() will then be called during onActivityResult
- //判断蓝牙是否开启,如果蓝牙没有打开则打开蓝牙
- if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
- //请求用户开启
- Intent enableIntent = new Intent(
- BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
- startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
- } else {
- getDeviceList();
- }
- }
- @Override
- protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
- super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
- if (requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT) {
- if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
- // bluetooth is opened
- //可以获取列表操作等
- } else {
- // bluetooth is not open
- Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙没有开启", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- }
- }
-
获取已经匹配的设备列表,并以set集合的方式返回
- /*
- *获取已经配对的设备
- */
- private void setPairingDevice() {
- Set<BluetoothDevice> devices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
- if (devices.size() > 0) { //存在已配对过的设备
- //利用for循环读取每一个设备的信息
- for (Iterator<BluetoothDevice> it = devices.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
- BluetoothDevice btd = it.next();
- ```````
- }
- }else{
- //不存在已经配对的蓝牙设备
- }
- }
判断当前是否正在查找设备,是返回true
取消查找设备
这里需要注意一下,由于搜素是一个耗时操作,所以这个方法应该在线程中去调用,同时需要配合着广播去使用
开始查找设备,一般的调用代码如下:
- private void doDiscovery() {
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- if(bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()){
- bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
- }
- bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
- }
- }).start();
- }
这里再注意一个细节,那就是如果当前的adapter正在查找,那么必须停止当前查找,然后再重新查找,这是因为查找操作占用很多的系统资源,我们需要避免重复的查找
getAddress()获取本地蓝牙地址
getName()获取本地蓝牙名称
getState()获取本地蓝牙适配器当前状态
这个类代表一个远程设备,它能够让我们与一个其他相关设备创建连接,或者查询与此设备相关的信息,例如名称(name)、地址(address)、连接状态(boud state)
getAddress()获取Address设备的蓝牙地址
getName()获取Address设备的地蓝牙名称
getState()获取Address设备的蓝牙适配器当前状态,是匹配状态,不是连接状态
这部分代码之前已经写过
- if (bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
- bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
- }
- // Request discover from BluetoothAdapter
- bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
- //搜索开始的过滤器
- IntentFilter filter1 = new IntentFilter(android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED);
- //搜索结束的过滤器
- IntentFilter filter2 = new IntentFilter(android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
- //寻找到设备的过滤器
- IntentFilter filter3 = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
- //绑定状态改变
- IntentFilter filer4 = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
- //配对请求
- IntentFilter filter5 = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST)
-
- registerReceiver(mFindBlueToothReceiver ,filter1);
- registerReceiver(mFindBlueToothReceiver ,filter2);
- registerReceiver(mFindBlueToothReceiver ,filter3);
- registerReceiver(mFindBlueToothReceiver ,filter4);
- registerReceiver(mFindBlueToothReceiver ,filter5);
- //广播接收器,当远程蓝牙设备被发现时,回调函数onReceiver()会被执行
- private final BroadcastReceiver mFindBlueToothReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- String action = intent.getAction();
- BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
- switch (action){
- case BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED:
- Log.d(TAG, "开始扫描...");
- callBack.onScanStarted();
- break;
- case BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED:
- Log.d(TAG, "结束扫描...");
- callBack.onScanFinished();
- break;
- case BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND:
- Log.d(TAG, "发现设备...");
- callBack.onScanning(device);
- break;
- case BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED:
- Log.d(TAG, "设备绑定状态改变...");
- callBack.onStateChanged(device);
- break;
- }
- }
- };
其中布尔值returnValue为true,表示配对成功,配对成功后,可能会输入PIN码
当输入完成正确PIN码后,才会配对完成。就可以通过广播的方式接收配对结果
- /**
- * 配对蓝牙设备
- */
- private void pinTargetDevice(int position) {
- //在配对之前,停止搜索
- cancelDiscovery();
- //获取要匹配的BluetoothDevice对象,后边的deviceList是你本地存的所有对象
- BluetoothDevice device = deviceList.get(position);
- if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {//没配对才配对
- try {
- Log.d(TAG, "开始配对...");
-
- Method createBondMethod = BluetoothDevice.class.getMethod("createBond");
- Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) createBondMethod.invoke(device);
-
- if (returnValue){
- Log.d(TAG, "配对成功...");
- showToast("配对成功");
- }
- } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 取消配对(取消配对成功与失败通过广播返回 也就是配对失败)
- * @param device
- */
- public void cancelPinBule(BluetoothDevice device){
- Log.d(TAG, "attemp to cancel bond:" + device.getName());
- try {
- Method removeBondMethod = device.getClass().getMethod("removeBond");
- Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) removeBondMethod.invoke(device);
- returnValue.booleanValue();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- Log.e(TAG, "attemp to cancel bond fail!");
- }
- }
经测试,不管用,貌似只有在系统设置里才能取消配对?所以我的做法是跳转了蓝牙设置
startActivity(new Intent(Settings.ACTION_BLUETOOTH_SETTINGS));
- /**
- * 广播接收器
- * 当远程蓝牙设备被发现时,回调函数onReceiver()会被执行
- */
- private final BroadcastReceiver mFindBlueToothReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- String action = intent.getAction();
- // Get the BluetoothDevice object from the Intent
- BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
- switch (action){
- ......
- case BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED:
- Log.d(TAG, "设备绑定状态改变...");
-
- switch (device.getBondState()) {
- case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING:
- Log.w(TAG, "正在配对......");
- break;
- case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED:
- Log.w( TAG, "配对完成");
- break;
- case BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE:
- Log.w(TAG, "取消配对");
- default:
- break;
- }
- break;
- }
- }
- };
蓝牙配对和连接是两个不同的东西
经典蓝牙连接相当于socket连接,是个非常耗时的操作,所以应该放到子线程中去完成
- /**
- * 蓝牙连接线程
- */
- public class ConnectBlueTask extends AsyncTask<BluetoothDevice, Integer, BluetoothSocket> {
- private BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice;
- private ConnectBlueCallBack callBack;
-
- public ConnectBlueTask(ConnectBlueCallBack callBack){
- this.callBack = callBack;
- }
-
- @Override
- protected BluetoothSocket doInBackground(BluetoothDevice... bluetoothDevices) {
- bluetoothDevice = bluetoothDevices[0];
- BluetoothSocket socket = null;
- try{
- Log.d(TAG,"开始连接socket,uuid:00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB");
- socket = bluetoothDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"));
- if (socket != null && !socket.isConnected()){
- socket.connect();
- }
- }catch (IOException e){
- Log.e(TAG,"socket连接失败");
- try {
- socket.close();
- } catch (IOException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- Log.e(TAG,"socket关闭失败");
- }
- }
- return socket;
- }
-
- @Override
- protected void onPreExecute() {
- Log.d(TAG,"开始连接");
- if (callBack != null) callBack.onStartConnect();
- }
-
- @Override
- protected void onPostExecute(BluetoothSocket bluetoothSocket) {
- if (bluetoothSocket != null && bluetoothSocket.isConnected()){
- Log.d(TAG,"连接成功");
- if (callBack != null) callBack.onConnectSuccess(bluetoothDevice, bluetoothSocket);
- }else {
- Log.d(TAG,"连接失败");
- if (callBack != null) callBack.onConnectFail(bluetoothDevice, "连接失败");
- }
- }
- }
-
- /**
- * 连接 (在配对之后调用)
- * @param device
- */
- public void connect(BluetoothDevice device, ConnectBlueCallBack callBack){
- //连接之前把扫描关闭
- if (mBluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()){
- mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
- }
- new ConnectBlueTask(callBack).execute(device);
- }
其中ConnectBlueCallBack是个接口,用于连接之后回调
- public interface ConnectBlueCallBack{
- void onStartConnect();
- void onConnectSuccess(BluetoothDevice device,BluetoothSocket bluetoothSocket);
- void onConnectFail(BluetoothDevice device,String string);
- }
所以在真正调用以上conn方法时是这样写的,传入一个连接的device,并且new一个刚才定义的接口
- connect(device, new ConnectBlueCallBack() {
- @Override
- public void onStartConnect() {
- Log.w( TAG, "开始连接");
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onConnectSuccess(BluetoothDevice device, BluetoothSocket bluetoothSocket) {
- Log.w( TAG, "连接成功");
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onConnectFail(BluetoothDevice device, String string) {
- Log.w( TAG, "连接失败");
- }
- });
值得注意的是,如果你不知道UUID也不用担心,一些常见的蓝牙服务协议已经有约定的 UUID。比如我们连接热敏打印机是基于 SPP 串口通信协议,其对应的 UUID 是 “00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB”,所以上边的一串数字被我写死了
-
- /**
- * 蓝牙是否连接
- * @return
- */
- public boolean isConnectBlue(){
- return mBluetoothSocket != null && mBluetoothSocket.isConnected();
- }
-
- /**
- * 断开连接
- * @return
- */
- public boolean cancelConnect(){
- if (mBluetoothSocket != null && mBluetoothSocket.isConnected()){
- try {
- mBluetoothSocket.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- return false;
- }
- }
- mBluetoothSocket = null;
- return true;
- }
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