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以下是使用 jQuery 实现 WebSocket 连接的基本示例代码:
- // 声明 websocket 变量
- var webSocket;
-
- // 与服务器建立连接
- function connect() {
- webSocket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080");
-
- // 连接成功时触发的事件
- webSocket.onopen = function(event) {
- console.log("WebSocket连接已建立");
- };
-
- // 接收到消息时触发的事件
- webSocket.onmessage = function(event) {
- console.log("接收到消息:" + event.data);
- };
-
- // 连接关闭时触发的事件
- webSocket.onclose = function(event) {
- console.log("WebSocket连接已关闭");
- };
-
- // 发生错误时触发的事件
- webSocket.onerror = function(event) {
- console.log("WebSocket连接发生错误");
- };
- }
-
- // 向服务器发送消息
- function sendMsg() {
- var msg = $("#msg").val();
- webSocket.send(msg);
- }
-
- // 关闭 WebSocket 连接
- function closeWebSocket() {
- webSocket.close();
- }
-
- // 初始化函数
- $(document).ready(function() {
- $("#connectBtn").click(function() {
- connect();
- });
-
- $("#sendBtn").click(function() {
- sendMsg();
- });
-
- $("#closeBtn").click(function() {
- closeWebSocket();
- });
- });
上述代码中,我们声明了 webSocket
变量用来保存 WebSocket 连接对象,然后定义了 connect()
、sendMsg()
和 closeWebSocket()
三个方法分别用来建立连接、发送消息和关闭连接。在初始化函数中,我们使用 jQuery 的 click()
方法来绑定按钮的点击事件,然后分别调用上述三个方法。
需要注意的是,以上代码仅为示例代码,实际使用时需要根据具体情况进行修改。在使用 WebSocket 通信时,还需要注意跨域访问等问题。
以下是使用C语言实现嵌入式设备开发websocket的示例代码,该代码为设备端作为server端与网页进行交互:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <sys/socket.h>
- #include <netinet/in.h>
- #include <arpa/inet.h>
-
- // 定义websocket协议的一些常量
- #define WS_MAGIC "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11"
- #define WS_HEADER_LEN 2
- #define WS_MASK_LEN 4
- #define WS_FIN_BIT 0x80
- #define WS_OPCODE_MASK 0x0f
- #define WS_MASK_BIT 0x80
- #define WS_PAYLOAD_LEN_MASK 0x7f
-
- // websocket帧类型
- enum ws_opcode {
- WS_OPCODE_CONTINUATION = 0x0,
- WS_OPCODE_TEXT = 0x1,
- WS_OPCODE_BINARY = 0x2,
- WS_OPCODE_CLOSE = 0x8,
- WS_OPCODE_PING = 0x9,
- WS_OPCODE_PONG = 0xa
- };
-
- // 创建websocket连接并进行握手
- int ws_connect(char *address, int port)
- {
- // 创建TCP套接字
- int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
- if (sockfd == -1) {
- perror("socket");
- return -1;
- }
-
- // 设置套接字选项
- int flags = fcntl(sockfd, F_GETFL, 0);
- if (flags == -1) {
- close(sockfd);
- perror("fcntl");
- return -1;
- }
- if (fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK) == -1) {
- close(sockfd);
- perror("fcntl");
- return -1;
- }
-
- // 构造连接地址
- struct sockaddr_in addr;
- addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
- addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(address);
- addr.sin_port = htons(port);
-
- // 连接到服务器
- int ret = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
- if (ret == -1 && errno != EINPROGRESS) {
- close(sockfd);
- perror("connect");
- return -1;
- }
-
- // 等待连接完成
- fd_set write_fds;
- FD_ZERO(&write_fds);
- FD_SET(sockfd, &write_fds);
- ret = select(sockfd + 1, NULL, &write_fds, NULL, NULL);
- if (ret == -1) {
- close(sockfd);
- perror("select");
- return -1;
- }
-
- // 检查连接是否成功
- int error = 0;
- socklen_t len = sizeof(error);
- if(getsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &error, &len) == -1 || error != 0) {
- close(sockfd);
- perror("getsockopt");
- return -1;
- }
-
- // 发送握手请求
- char request[1024];
- snprintf(request, sizeof(request), "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n"
- "Upgrade: websocket\r\n"
- "Connection: Upgrade\r\n"
- "Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\n"
- "Host: %s:%d\r\n"
- "Sec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==\r\n"
- "\r\n",
- address, port);
-
- ret = write(sockfd, request, strlen(request));
- if (ret == -1) {
- close(sockfd);
- perror("write");
- return -1;
- }
-
- // 读取握手响应
- char response[1024];
- ret = read(sockfd, response, sizeof(response) - 1);
- if (ret == -1) {
- close(sockfd);
- perror("read");
- return -1;
- }
- response[ret] = '\0';
-
- // 解析握手响应
- char *p = strstr(response, "\r\n\r\n") + 4;
- char buf[1024];
- snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", p, WS_MAGIC);
-
- char sha1[20];
- mbedtls_sha1((const unsigned char *)buf, strlen(buf), (unsigned char *)sha1);
-
- char output[sizeof(sha1) * 2 + 1];
- for(int i = 0; i < sizeof(sha1); i++) {
- sprintf(output + i * 2, "%02x", sha1[i]);
- }
-
- // 发送握手响应
- char handshake[1024];
- snprintf(handshake, sizeof(handshake), "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n"
- "Upgrade: websocket\r\n"
- "Connection: Upgrade\r\n"
- "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: %s\r\n"
- "\r\n",
- output);
-
- ret = write(sockfd, handshake, strlen(handshake));
- if (ret == -1) {
- close(sockfd);
- perror("write");
- return -1;
- }
-
- return sockfd;
- }
-
- // 发送websocket数据帧
- int ws_send(int sockfd, enum ws_opcode opcode, char *data, int len)
- {
- // 构造websocket头部
- unsigned char header[14];
- memset(header, 0, 14);
- header[0] = WS_FIN_BIT | opcode;
- if (len < 126) {
- header[1] = len | WS_MASK_BIT;
- header[2] = 0x01; // 随机生成掩码
- header[3] = 0x02; // 随机生成掩码
- header[4] = 0x03; // 随机生成掩码
- header[5] = 0x04; // 随机生成掩码
- } else if (len < 65536) {
- header[1] = 0x7e | WS_MASK_BIT;
- header[2] = (len >> 8) & 0xff;
- header[3] = len & 0xff;
- header[4] = 0x01; // 随机生成掩码
- header[5] = 0x02; // 随机生成掩码
- header[6] = 0x03; // 随机生成掩码
- header[7] = 0x04; // 随机生成掩码
- } else {
- header[1] = 0x7f | WS_MASK_BIT;
- header[2] = (len >> 56) & 0xff;
- header[3] = (len >> 48) & 0xff;
- header[4] = (len >> 40) & 0xff;
- header[5] = (len >> 32) & 0xff;
- header[6] = (len >> 24) & 0xff;
- header[7] = (len >> 16) & 0xff;
- header[8] = (len >> 8) & 0xff;
- header[9] = len & 0xff;
- header[10] = 0x01; // 随机生成掩码
- header[11] = 0x02; // 随机生成掩码
- header[12] = 0x03; // 随机生成掩码
- header[13] = 0x04; // 随机生成掩码
- }
-
- // 发送websocket数据帧
- int ret = write(sockfd, header, WS_HEADER_LEN + WS_MASK_LEN);
- if (ret == -1) {
- close(sockfd);
- perror("write");
- return -1;
- }
-
- ret = write(sockfd, data, len);
- if (ret == -1) {
- close(sockfd);
- perror("write");
- return -1;
- }
-
- return 0;
- }
-
- // 接收websocket数据帧
- int ws_recv(int sockfd, enum ws_opcode *opcode, char **data, int *len)
- {
- // 读取websocket头部
- unsigned char header[14];
- memset(header, 0, 14);
-
- int ret = read(sockfd, header, WS_HEADER_LEN);
- if (ret == -1) {
- close(sockfd);
- perror("read");
- return -1;
- }
- if (ret == 0) {
- close(sockfd);
- return -1;
- }
-
- if (!(header[0] & WS_FIN_BIT)) {
- printf("fragmented frame received\n");
- return -1;
- }
-
- *opcode = header[0] & WS_OPCODE_MASK;
- int has_mask = header[1] & WS_MASK_BIT;
- *len = header[1] & WS_PAYLOAD_LEN_MASK;
- unsigned char mask[4];
- if (has_mask) {
- ret = read(sockfd, mask, WS_MASK_LEN);
- if (ret == -1) {
- close(sockfd);
- perror("read");
- return -1;
- }
- }
-
- // 读取websocket数据
- char *buf = malloc(*len + 1);
- memset(buf, 0, *len + 1);
-
- ret = read(sockfd, buf, *len);
- if (ret == -1) {
- close(sockfd);
- perror("read");
- free(buf);
- return -1;
- }
- if (ret != *len) {
- printf("incomplete frame received\n");
- free(buf);
- return -1;
- }
-
- // 解码websocket数据
- if (has_mask) {
- for (int i = 0; i < *len; i++) {
- buf[i] ^= mask[i % 4];
- }
- }
-
- *data = buf;
- return 0;
- }
-
- int main(int argc, char *argv[])
- {
- if (argc != 2) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <port>\n", argv[0]);
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
-
- int port = atoi(argv[1]);
-
- // 监听端口并等待连接
- int sockfd = ws_connect("localhost", port);
- if (sockfd == -1) {
- perror("ws_connect");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
-
- printf("Connected to server\n");
-
- while (1) {
- // 接收websocket数据帧
- enum ws_opcode opcode;
- char *data = NULL;
- int len;
-
- int ret = ws_recv(sockfd, &opcode, &data, &len);
- if (ret == -1) {
- perror("ws_recv");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
-
- // 处理websocket数据帧
- switch (opcode) {
- case WS_OPCODE_TEXT:
- printf("Recv text: %s\n", data);
-
- // 发送回应
- ws_send(sockfd, WS_OPCODE_TEXT, data, len);
- break;
-
- case WS_OPCODE_BINARY:
- printf("Recv binary data with length %d\n", len);
-
- // 发送回应
- ws_send(sockfd, WS_OPCODE_BINARY, data, len);
- break;
-
- case WS_OPCODE_CLOSE:
- printf("Recv close frame\n");
-
- // 发送关闭响应并退出循环
- ws_send(sockfd, WS_OPCODE_CLOSE, NULL, 0);
- goto exit_loop;
-
- default:
- printf("Invalid opcode %d\n", opcode);
- break;
- }
-
- free(data);
- }
-
- exit_loop:
- close(sockfd);
-
- return EXIT_SUCCESS;
- }
该示例代码实现了一个简单的websocket server,它监听指定的端口并等待客户端连接,对于接收到的不同类型的websocket数据帧作出回应。你可以运行该程序,然后在网页中使用JavaScript编写websocket client并与之交互。
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