菜鸟爬虫-scrapy爬取笔趣阁全站小说_一章节几页 如何爬小说

一 创建爬虫：

cd到我们存放项目的文件夹
然后 scrapy startproject BQG
cd：BQG
然后 scrapy genspider biquge biduo.cc

二 使用pycharm打开我们的项目目录

1setting设置

这里我是将我的整个文件贴到这里.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
# Scrapy settings for BQG project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'BQG'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['BQG.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'BQG.spiders'
LOG_LEVEL = 'WARNING'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
USER_AGENT = UserAgent().chrome

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
# DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
# }

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'BQG.middlewares.BqgSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'BQG.middlewares.BqgDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'BQG.pipelines.BqgPipeline': 300,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

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2 spider文件写法

这里我们简单分析：

（1）parse函书获取首页的链接，在这里我们获取小说分类的链接url（https://www.biduo.cc/book_1_1/），小说章节页面的url.小说分类页面的链接（https://www.biduo.cc/biquge/56_56606/），我们继续返回parse函数解析，获取我们的俩种目标链接.小说章节也得链接，我们由下一个函书解析get_novel.

（2）get_novel次函数只要获取小说名称，小说首页的链接（https://www.biduo.cc/biquge/56_56606/c100952.html）.（这里不获取所有章节的链接，是因为scrapy爬虫是多线程的，如果获取所有章节链接，那么返回的时候，顺序不对.）通过首页的链接，在get_page_content函书获取整个小说的章节内容.

（3）get_page_content此函数获取小说每一章节的名称，内容.这里获取首页之后，然后通过翻页获取下一页小说的内容.可以避免返回数据的顺序问题.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from lxml import etree
import re

class BiqugeSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'biquge'
    allowed_domains = ['biduo.cc']
    start_urls = ['https://www.biduo.cc/']

    def parse(self, response):
        # print(response.text)
        pat = r'href="/book_\d+_\d+/">'
        pat = r'/book_\d+_\d+/'
        tab_lists = re.findall(pat, response.text)
        print("****************************")
        for li in tab_lists:
            yield scrapy.Request(
                url='https://www.biduo.cc/'+ li,
                callback=self.parse,
            )
        pat1 = r'/biquge/\d+_\d+\/'
        t_lists = re.findall(pat1, response.text)
        for li in t_lists:
            # print(li)
            yield scrapy.Request(
                url='https://www.biduo.cc' + li,
                callback=self.get_novel,
            )
    def get_novel(self,response):
        novel_url = response.url
        novel_title = response.xpath('//div[@id="info"]/h1/text()').extract_first()
        # novel_lists = response.xpath('//div[@id="list"]/dl/dd/a/@href').extract()
        novel_first = 'https://www.biduo.cc' + response.xpath('//div[@id="list"]/dl/dd[1]/a/@href').extract_first()
        yield scrapy.Request(
            url = novel_first,
            callback=self.get_page_content,
            meta={'novel_title':novel_title,'novel_url':novel_url}
        )
    def get_page_content(self,response):
        item = {}
        item['novel_title'] = response.meta['novel_title']
        item['novel_url'] = response.meta['novel_url']
        item['page_title'] = response.xpath('//h1/text()').extract_first()
        item['page_url'] = response.url
        item['page_content'] = ''.join(response.xpath('//div[@id="content"]/text()').extract()).replace('\xa0','')
        # item['page_content'] = response.xpath('//div[@id="content"]/text()').extract()
        yield item
        next1 = response.xpath('//div[@class="bottem2"]/a[3]/@href').extract_first()
        # //*[@id="wrapper"]/div[4]/div/div[2]/div[1]/a[3]
        print(next1)

        next_url = 'https://www.biduo.cc' + next1
        # response.urljoin(next_url)
        if next_url != item['novel_url']:
            yield scrapy.Request(
                url = next_url,
                callback=self.get_page_content,
                meta={'novel_title':item['novel_title'],'novel_url':item['novel_url']}
            )

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3pipline文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html


class BqgPipeline(object):
    def start(self,item,spider):
        self.file = open("novels/{}.txt".format(item['novel_title']), 'a+', encoding='utf-8')
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        self.file = open("novels/{}.txt".format(item['novel_title']), 'a+', encoding='utf-8')
        print(item['page_title'])
        self.file.write(item['page_title']+'\n')
        self.file.write(item['page_url']+'\n')
        self.file.write(item['page_content']+'\n')
        return item

    def closed(self,item,spider):
        self.file.close()

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4运行效果：

5 源码已上传到我的资源里面.如果需要可以下载.