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1)数据库轮询
该方案通常是在小型项目中使用,即通过一个线程定时的去扫描数据库,通过订单时间来判断是否有超时的订单,然后进行update或delete等操作(使用调度quartz实现)
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2</version>
</dependency>
package com.rjzheng.delay1; import org.quartz.Job; import org.quartz.JobBuilder; import org.quartz.JobDetail; import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext; import org.quartz.JobExecutionException; import org.quartz.Scheduler; import org.quartz.SchedulerException; import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory; import org.quartz.SimpleScheduleBuilder; import org.quartz.Trigger; import org.quartz.TriggerBuilder; import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory; public class MyJob implements Job { public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException { System.out.println("要去数据库扫描啦。。。"); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 创建任务 JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(MyJob.class) .withIdentity("job1", "group1").build(); // 创建触发器 每3秒钟执行一次 Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger() .withIdentity("trigger1", "group3") .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule() .withIntervalInSeconds(3) .repeatForever()) .build(); Scheduler scheduler = new StdSchedulerFactory().getScheduler(); // 将任务及其触发器放入调度器 scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, trigger); // 调度器开始调度任务 scheduler.start(); } }
运行代码,可发现每隔3秒,输出如下
要去数据库扫描啦。。。
优缺点
优点:
缺点:
2)JDK的延迟队列
该方案是利用JDK自带的DelayQueue来实现,这是一个无界阻塞队列,该队列只有在延迟期满的时候才能从中获取元素,放入DelayQueue中的对象,是必须实现Delayed接口的。
package com.rjzheng.delay2; import java.util.concurrent.Delayed; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class OrderDelay implements Delayed { private String orderId; private long timeout; OrderDelay(String orderId, long timeout) { this.orderId = orderId; this.timeout = timeout + System.nanoTime(); } public int compareTo(Delayed other) { if (other == this) { return 0; } OrderDelay t = (OrderDelay) other; long d = (getDelay(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) - t.getDelay(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)); return (d == 0) ? 0 : ((d < 0) ? (-1) : 1); } // 返回距离你自定义的超时时间还有多少 public long getDelay(TimeUnit unit) { return unit.convert(timeout - System.nanoTime(), TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS); } void print() { System.out.println(orderId + "编号的订单要删除啦。。。。"); } }
package com.rjzheng.delay2; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.DelayQueue; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class DelayQueueDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub List < String > list = new ArrayList < String > (); list.add("00000001"); list.add("00000002"); list.add("00000003"); list.add("00000004"); list.add("00000005"); DelayQueue < OrderDelay > queue = newDelayQueue < OrderDelay > (); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { //延迟三秒取出 queue.put(new OrderDelay(list.get(i), TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.convert(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS))); try { queue.take().print(); System.out.println("After " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + " MilliSeconds"); } catch(InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
00000001编号的订单要删除啦。。。。 After 3003 MilliSeconds 00000002编号的订单要删除啦。。。。 After 6006 MilliSeconds 00000003编号的订单要删除啦。。。。 After 9006 MilliSeconds 00000004编号的订单要删除啦。。。。 After 12008 MilliSeconds 00000005编号的订单要删除啦。。。。 After 15009 MilliSeconds
可以看到都是延迟3秒,订单被删除
优缺点
优点:
缺点:
3)时间轮算法
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>4.1.24.Final</version>
</dependency>
package com.rjzheng.delay3; import io.netty.util.HashedWheelTimer; import io.netty.util.Timeout; import io.netty.util.Timer; import io.netty.util.TimerTask; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class HashedWheelTimerTest { static class MyTimerTask implements TimerTask { boolean flag; public MyTimerTask(boolean flag) { this.flag = flag; } public void run(Timeout timeout) throws Exception { // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.out.println("要去数据库删除订单了。。。。"); this.flag = false; } } public static void main(String[] argv) { MyTimerTask timerTask = new MyTimerTask(true); Timer timer = new HashedWheelTimer(); timer.newTimeout(timerTask, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS); int i = 1; while(timerTask.flag) { try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch(InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(i + "秒过去了"); i++; } } }
1秒过去了
2秒过去了
3秒过去了
4秒过去了
5秒过去了
要去数据库删除订单了。。。。
6秒过去了
优缺点
优点:
缺点:
4)redis缓存
利用redis的zset,zset是一个有序集合,每一个元素(member)都关联了一个score,通过score排序来取集合中的值
redis操作:
# 添加单个元素 redis> ZADD page_rank 10 google.com (integer) 1 # 添加多个元素 redis> ZADD page_rank 9 baidu.com 8 bing.com (integer) 2 redis> ZRANGE page_rank 0 -1 WITHSCORES 1) "bing.com" 2) "8" 3) "baidu.com" 4) "9" 5) "google.com" 6) "10" # 查询元素的score值 redis> ZSCORE page_rank bing.com "8" # 移除单个元素 redis> ZREM page_rank google.com (integer) 1 redis> ZRANGE page_rank 0 -1 WITHSCORES 1) "bing.com" 2) "8" 3) "baidu.com" 4) "9"
package com.rjzheng.delay4; import java.util.Calendar; import java.util.Set; import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis; import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool; import redis.clients.jedis.Tuple; public class AppTest { private static final String ADDR = "127.0.0.1"; private static final int PORT = 6379; private static JedisPool jedisPool = new JedisPool(ADDR, PORT); public static Jedis getJedis() { return jedisPool.getResource(); } //生产者,生成5个订单放进去 public void productionDelayMessage() { for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { //延迟3秒 Calendar cal1 = Calendar.getInstance(); cal1.add(Calendar.SECOND, 3); int second3later = (int)(cal1.getTimeInMillis() / 1000); AppTest.getJedis().zadd("OrderId", second3later, "OID0000001" + i); System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis() + "ms:redis生成了一个订单任务:订单ID为" + "OID0000001" + i); } } //消费者,取订单 public void consumerDelayMessage() { Jedis jedis = AppTest.getJedis(); while(true) { Set < Tuple > items = jedis.zrangeWithScores("OrderId", 0, 1); if(items == null || items.isEmpty()) { System.out.println("当前没有等待的任务"); try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch(InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } continue; } int score = (int)((Tuple) items.toArray()[0]).getScore(); Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance(); int nowSecond = (int)(cal.getTimeInMillis() / 1000); if(nowSecond >= score){ String orderId = ((Tuple) items.toArray()[0]).getElement(); Long num =jedis.zrem("OrderId", orderId); <--对ZREM的返回值进行判断,只有大于0的时候,才消费数据!> if(num != null && num > 0){ System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis() + "ms:redis消费了一个任务:消费的订单OrderId为" + orderId); } } } } public static void main(String[] args) { AppTest appTest = new AppTest(); appTest.productionDelayMessage(); appTest.consumerDelayMessage(); } }
上测试代码
package com.rjzheng.delay4; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; public class ThreadTest { private static final int threadNum = 10; private static CountDownLatch cdl = newCountDownLatch(threadNum); static class DelayMessage implements Runnable { public void run() { try { cdl.await(); } catch(InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } AppTest appTest = new AppTest(); appTest.consumerDelayMessage(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { AppTest appTest = new AppTest(); appTest.productionDelayMessage(); for(int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) { new Thread(new DelayMessage()).start(); cdl.countDown(); } } }
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