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NUC980 嵌入式系统移植 l2tp 模块实践记录_pppoptfile = /etc/ppp/peers/air-ppp
作者：笔触狂放9 | 2024-03-04 22:41:01
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pppoptfile = /etc/ppp/peers/air-ppp
本篇以实践过程记录为主线，简介在嵌入式ARM linux系统、移植 l2tp 及配置参数解释。
本文嵌入式系统为新唐nuc980 的 arm9 硬件平台，采用 buildroot 方式移植 xl2tp 软件包，linux版本:4.4.200 ；
- l2tp 移植
1.1) 配置 xl2tpd 软件包及依赖库
menuconfig中配置参数如下:
-> Target packages
-> Networking applications
-*- pppd
[*] filtering
[*] radius
[*] xl2tp
依赖库配置:
-> Target packages
-> Libraries
-> Networking
-*- libpcap
-> Target packages
-> Libraries
-> Crypto
-*- openssl
[*] openssl binary
[*] openssl additional engines
编译生成image 和 rootfs 镜像文件，在目标机上配置 xl2tpd 的参数。nuc980 作为 xl2tpd 的服务器端，ubuntu 16 做为客户端。
1.2）配置 /etc/init.d/xl2tpd 启动脚本
参考配置文件路径:
build-2016/package/xl2tp$ cat xl2tpd
内容如下:
#!/bin/sh # PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin DAEMON=/usr/sbin/xl2tpd PIDFILE=/var/run/xl2tpd.pid test -f $DAEMON || exit 0 case "$1" in start) start-stop-daemon -S -p $PIDFILE -x $DAEMON -- -D & ;; stop) start-stop-daemon -K -p $PIDFILE -x $DAEMON ;; restart|force-reload) start-stop-daemon -K -p $PIDFILE -x $DAEMON sleep 1 start-stop-daemon -S -p $PIDFILE -x $DAEMON ;; *) echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/xl2tdp {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" exit 1 ;; esac exit 0
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把此文件脚本，拷贝至rootfs系统下: /etc/init.d/xl2tpd,赋予执行权限.
chmod 755 xl2tpd
- 服务器端的参数配置
本次实验采用的 xl2tpd ，服务器端内容配置如下。
2.1） 配置 /etc/xl2tpd # cat xl2tpd.conf
[global] port =1701 ipsec saref = no access control = no auth file=/etc/xl2tpd/l2tp-secrets debug network = yes debug state = yes debug packet = yes debug tunnel = yes [lns default] exclusive = yes ip range = 100.0.0.100-100.0.0.200 local ip = 100.0.0.10 refuse pap = yes ; require authentication = yes require chap = yes name = Xl2tpServer #此处字符 ppp debug = yes pppoptfile = /etc/ppp/option.l2tpd.lns length bit = yes
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2.2） xl2tpd 的客户端登录认证用户名 缺省文件
/etc/xl2tpd # cat l2tp-secrets ，此文件并没有使能内容。
# Secrets for authenticating l2tp tunnels
# us them secret
# * marko blah2
# zeus marko blah
# * * interop
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2.3） xl2tpd服务端ppp通讯参数
/etc/ppp # cat option.l2tpd.lns
#ktune #ipcp-accept-local #ipcp-accept-remote #ms-dns 8.8.8.8 lock noauth dump logfd 2 require-mschap-v2 ms-dns 192.168.123.111 # 给拔号用户分配 dns 服务器地址 lcp-echo-interval 10 lcp-echo-failure 3 #noccp #auth #nocrtscts #idle 1800 #mtu 1500 #mru 1500 #nodefaultroute #debug #nolock #logfile /var/log/ppp.log # 日志文件路径 #proxyarp #connect-delay 5000 #kdebug 2 #record /var/log/pppd.log #receive-all #refuse-chap #refuse-pap
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2.4）ppp chap 鉴权文件内容配置
文件路径:/etc/ppp/chap-secrets 内容如下
robot@ubuntu:/etc/ppp$ sudo cat chap-secrets
# Secrets for authentication using CHAP
# client server secret IP addresses
robot * admin123. * #客户端ppp登录的用户名和密码
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3.客户端的参数配置
3.1） xl2tp 客户端配置参数
robot@ubuntu: /etc/xl2tpd$ cat xl2tpd.conf
[global] port =1701 auth file=/etc/xl2tpd/l2tp-secrets debug network = yes debug tunnel = yes debug state = yes debug packet = yes [lac lac] name = robot ;L2TP的账号 lns = 192.168.123.111 ;L2TP的服务器IP pppoptfile = /etc/ppp/peers/test.l2tpd ;PPPD拨号配置文件 ppp debug = yes redial = yes redial timeout = 15 require chap = yes refuse pap = yes require authentication = yes length bit =yes rx bps = 100000000 tx bps = 100000000
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3.2）xl2tp 鉴权文件，客户端未启用
robot@ubuntu:/etc/xl2tpd$ sudo cat l2tp-secrets
# Secrets for authenticating l2tp tunnels
# us them secret
# * marko blah2
# zeus marko blah
# * * interop
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3.3）ppp拨号文件配置内容
robot@ubuntu:/etc/ppp/peers$ sudo cat test.l2tpd
remotename default
user "robot"
password "123"
unit 0
nodeflate
nobsdcomp
noauth
persist
nopcomp
noaccomp
maxfail 5
debug
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- 实验参数记录
4.1）启动服务器端命令
/etc/xl2tpd # xl2tpd -C xl2tpd.conf -D
显示内容如下
xl2tpd[1364]: IPsec SAref does not work with L2TP kernel mode yet, enabling force userspace=yes
xl2tpd[1364]: setsockopt recvref[30]: Protocol not available
xl2tpd[1364]: Not looking for kernel support.
xl2tpd[1364]: xl2tpd version xl2tpd-1.3.6 started on (none) PID:1364
xl2tpd[1364]: Written by Mark Spencer, Copyright (C) 1998, Adtran, Inc.
xl2tpd[1364]: Forked by Scott Balmos and David Stipp, (C) 2001
xl2tpd[1364]: Inherited by Jeff McAdams, (C) 2002
xl2tpd[1364]: Forked again by Xelerance (www.xelerance.com) (C) 2006
xl2tpd[1364]: Listening on IP address 0.0.0.0, port 1701
xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 103, tunnel = 0, call = 0 ref=0 refhim=0
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4.2）启动客户端命令
root@ubuntu:/etc/xl2tpd# service xl2tpd restart #重启xl2tpd服务
root@ubuntu:/etc/xl2tpd# echo “c lac” > /var/run/xl2tpd/l2tp-control #启动l2tp登录、触发ppp连接
root@ubuntu:/etc/xl2tpd# ifconfig
ens33 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:54:7b:a5 inet addr:192.168.123.88 Bcast:192.168.123.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::42db:54c2:99b8:c1d8/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:8223 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3778 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3051947 (3.0 MB) TX bytes:346937 (346.9 KB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:834 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:834 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:64959 (64.9 KB) TX bytes:64959 (64.9 KB) ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:100.0.0.100 P-t-P:100.0.0.10 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:3 RX bytes:69 (69.0 B) TX bytes:63 (63.0 B)
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查询客户端 xl2tp 运行日志如下
root@ubuntu:/etc/xl2tpd# systemctl status xl2tpd.service
● xl2tpd.service - LSB: layer 2 tunelling protocol daemon Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/xl2tpd; bad; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-01-02 09:40:06 CST; 20min ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) Process: 3844 ExecStop=/etc/init.d/xl2tpd stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 3879 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/xl2tpd start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) CGroup: /system.slice/xl2tpd.service ├─3884 /usr/sbin/xl2tpd └─5101 /usr/sbin/pppd passive nodetach : refuse-pap auth require-chap name robot debug file /etc/ppp/peers/testNNN.l2tpd plugin pppol2tp.so pppol2tp 8 # ！！！采用 pppol2tp 的拨号方式 Jan 02 09:59:47 ubuntu pppd[5101]: rcvd [LCP EchoRep id=0x7 magic=0x5d9a7049] Jan 02 09:59:47 ubuntu pppd[5101]: rcvd [LCP EchoReq id=0x15 magic=0x5d9a7049] Jan 02 09:59:47 ubuntu pppd[5101]: sent [LCP EchoRep id=0x15 magic=0xcda959de] Jan 02 09:59:57 ubuntu pppd[5101]: rcvd [LCP EchoReq id=0x16 magic=0x5d9a7049] Jan 02 09:59:57 ubuntu pppd[5101]: sent [LCP EchoRep id=0x16 magic=0xcda959de] Jan 02 10:00:07 ubuntu pppd[5101]: rcvd [LCP EchoReq id=0x17 magic=0x5d9a7049] Jan 02 10:00:07 ubuntu pppd[5101]: sent [LCP EchoRep id=0x17 magic=0xcda959de] Jan 02 10:00:14 ubuntu xl2tpd[3884]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.91.45, size = 20, tunnel = 50916, call = 0 ref=0 refhim=0 Jan 02 10:00:14 ubuntu xl2tpd[3884]: control_finish: message type is Hello(6). Tunnel is 34227, call is 0. Jan 02 10:00:14 ubuntu xl2tpd[3884]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.91.45, size = 12, tunnel = 50916, call = 0 ref=0 refhim=0
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4.3) 服务器端调试信息
xl2tp 服务器端调试打印信息如下
packet dump: HEX: { 02 C8 67 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 08 00 00 00 00 00 01 80 08 00 00 00 02 01 00 80 0A 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 03 80 0A 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 06 06 90 80 0C 00 00 00 07 75 62 75 6E 74 75 00 13 00 00 00 08 78 65 6C 65 72 61 6E 63 65 2E 63 6F 6D 80 08 00 00 00 09 10 14 80 08 00 00 00 0A 00 04 } ASCII: { g ubuntu xelerance.com } xl2tpd[1364]: get_call: allocating new tunnel for host 192.168.123.88, port 1701. xl2tpd[1364]: control_finish: message type is Start-Control-Connection-Request(1). Tunnel is 4116, call is 0. packet dump: HEX: { C8 02 00 67 10 14 00 00 00 00 00 01 80 08 00 00 00 00 00 02 80 08 00 00 00 02 01 00 80 0A 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 03 80 0A 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 06 06 90 80 0C 00 00 00 07 28 6E 6F 6E 65 29 00 13 00 00 00 08 78 65 6C 65 72 61 6E 63 65 2E 63 6F 6D 80 08 00 00 00 09 D7 3E 80 08 00 00 00 0A 00 04 } ASCII: { g (none) xelerance.com > } xl2tpd[1364]: control_finish: sending SCCRP xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 20, tunnel = 55102, call = 0 ref=0 refhim=0 packet dump: HEX: { 02 C8 14 00 3E D7 00 00 01 00 01 00 80 08 00 00 00 00 00 03 } ASCII: { > } xl2tpd[1364]: control_finish: message type is Start-Control-Connection-Connected(3). Tunnel is 4116, call is 0. xl2tpd[1364]: Connection established to 192.168.123.88, 1701. Local: 55102, Remote: 4116 (ref=0/0). LNS session is 'default' xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 48, tunnel = 55102, call = 0 ref=0 refhim=0 packet dump: HEX: { 02 C8 30 00 3E D7 00 00 02 00 01 00 80 08 00 00 00 00 00 0A 80 08 00 00 00 0E 55 79 80 0A 00 00 00 0F 00 00 00 02 80 0A 00 00 00 12 00 00 00 00 } ASCII: { 0 > Uy } xl2tpd[1364]: control_finish: message type is Incoming-Call-Request(10). Tunnel is 4116, call is 0. packet dump: HEX: { C8 02 00 1C 10 14 55 79 00 01 00 03 80 08 00 00 00 00 00 0B 80 08 00 00 00 0E FC F8 } ASCII: { Uy } xl2tpd[1364]: control_finish: Sending ICRP xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 50, tunnel = 55102, call = 64760 ref=0 refhim=0 packet dump: HEX: { 02 C8 32 00 3E D7 F8 FC 03 00 02 00 80 08 00 00 00 00 00 0C 80 0A 00 00 00 18 05 F5 E1 00 80 0A 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 01 00 0A 00 00 00 26 05 F5 E1 00 } ASCII: { 2 > & } xl2tpd[1364]: control_finish: message type is Incoming-Call-Connected(12). Tunnel is 4116, call is 21881. xl2tpd[1364]: start_pppd: I'm running: xl2tpd[1364]: "/usr/sbin/pppd" xl2tpd[1364]: "passive" xl2tpd[1364]: "nodetach" xl2tpd[1364]: "100.0.0.10:100.0.0.100" xl2tpd[1364]: "refuse-pap" xl2tpd[1364]: "name" xl2tpd[1364]: "Xl2tpServer" xl2tpd[1364]: "debug" xl2tpd[1364]: "file" xl2tpd[1364]: "/etc/ppp/option.l2tpd.lns" xl2tpd[1364]: "/dev/pts/1" xl2tpd[1364]: Call established with 192.168.123.88, Local: 64760, Remote: 21881, Serial: 2 xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 26, tunnel = 55102, call = 64760 ref=0 refhim=0 packet dump: HEX: { 02 00 3E D7 F8 FC FF 03 C0 21 01 01 00 10 02 06 00 00 00 00 05 06 B4 EE 9B D9 } ASCII: { > ! } pppd options in effect: debug # (from command line) nodetach # (from command line) logfd 2 # (from /etc/ppp/option.l2tpd.lns) dump # (from /etc/ppp/option.l2tpd.lns) require-mschap-v2 # (from /etc/ppp/option.l2tpd.lns) refuse-pap # (from command line) name Xl2tpServer # (from command line) /dev/pts/1 # (from command line) lock # (from /etc/ppp/option.l2tpd.lns) passive # (from command line) lcp-echo-failure 3 # (from /etc/ppp/option.l2tpd.lns) lcp-echo-interval 10 # (from /etc/ppp/option.l2tpd.lns) ms-dns xxx # [don't know how to print value] # (from /etc/ppp/option.l2tpd.lns) 100.0.0.10:100.0.0.100 # (from command line) using channel 3 Using interface ppp0 Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/pts/1 sent [LCP ConfReq id=0x1 <asyncmap 0x0> <auth chap MS-v2> <magic 0xba036f5d> <pcomp> <accomp>] packet dump: HEX: { 40 02 00 25 10 14 55 79 FF 03 C0 21 01 01 00 19 02 06 00 00 00 00 03 05 C2 23 81 05 06 BA 03 6F 5D 07 02 08 02 } ASCII: { @ % Uy ! # o] } xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 35, tunnel = 55102, call = 64760 ref=0 refhim=0 packet dump: HEX: { 02 00 3E D7 F8 FC FF 03 C0 21 02 01 00 19 02 06 00 00 00 00 03 05 C2 23 81 05 06 BA 03 6F 5D 07 02 08 02 } ASCII: { > ! # o] } rcvd [LCP ConfAck id=0x1 <asyncmap 0x0> <auth chap MS-v2> <magic 0xba036f5d> <pcomp> <accomp>] xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: select timeout xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: select timeout xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 26, tunnel = 55102, call = 64760 ref=0 refhim=0 packet dump: HEX: { 02 00 3E D7 F8 FC FF 03 C0 21 01 01 00 10 02 06 00 00 00 00 05 06 B4 EE 9B D9 } ASCII: { > ! } rcvd [LCP ConfReq id=0x1 <asyncmap 0x0> <magic 0xb4ee9bd9>] sent [LCP ConfAck id=0x1 <asyncmap 0x0> <magic 0xb4ee9bd9>] packet dump: HEX: { sent [LCP EchoReq id=0x0 magic=0xba036f5d] 40 02 00 1C 10 14 55 79 FF 03 C0 21 02 01 00 10 02 06 00 00 00 00 05 06 B4 EE 9B D9 } ASCII: { @ Uy ! } packet dump: HEX: { 40 02 00 14 10 14 55 79 FF 03 C0 21 09 00 00 08 BA 03 6F 5D } ASCII: { @ Uy ! o]} xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 18, tunnel = 55102, call = 64760 ref=0 refhim=0 packet dump: HEX: { 02 00 3E D7 F8 FC FF 03 C0 21 09 00 00 08 B4 EE 9B D9 } ASCII: { > ! } sent [CHAP Challenge id=0xe2 <f1eb1a13f6aa84ed91ea59c425d14354>, name = "Xl2tpServer"] rcvd [LCP EchoReq id=0x0 magic=0xb4ee9bd9] sent [LCP EchoRep id=0x0 magic=0xba036f5d]xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 18, tunnel = 55102, call = 64760 ref=0 refhim=0 packet dump: HEX: { 02 00 3E D7 F8 FC FF 03 C0 21 0A 00 00 08 B4 EE 9B D9 } ASCII: { > ! } packet dump: HEX: { 40 02 00 2A 10 14 55 79 FF 03 C2 23 01 E2 00 1E 10 F1 EB 1A 13 F6 AA 84 ED 91 EA 59 C4 25 D1 43 54 76 70 6E 53 65 72 76 65 72 } ASCII: { @ * Uy # Y % CTXl2tpServer} rcvd [LCP EchoRep id=0x0 magic=0xb4ee9bd9] xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 69, tunnel = 55102, call = 64760 ref=0 refhim=0 packet dump: HEX: { 02 00 3E D7 F8 FC FF 03 C2 23 02 E2 00 3B 31 8B E9 AA 52 92 C1 49 5E DB 2D FB 4F 07 91 B7 77 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 B4 58 4F 60 A1 16 34 D1 30 3A DD DD 2B 2D AE 8C 59 1C BB 71 10 E8 18 CE 00 72 6F 62 6F 74 } ASCII: { > # ;1 R I^ - O w XO` 4 0: +- Y q robot} rcvd [CHAP Response id=0xe2 <8be9aa5292c1495edb2dfb4f0791b7770000000000000000b4584f60a11634d1303adddd2b2dae8c591cbb7110e818ce00>, name = "robot"] packet dump: HEX: { 40 02 00 14 10 14 55 79 FF 03 C0 21 0A 00 00 08 BA 03 6F 5D } ASCII: { @ Uy ! o]} sent [CHAP Success id=0xe2 "S=E58CEE285B030CCAA8A16E0F31DACF1DA26A221F M=Access granted"] packet dump: HEX: { 40 02 00 4B 10 14 55 79 FF 03 C2 23 03 E2 00 3F 53 3D 45 35 38 43 45 45 32 38 35 42 30 33 30 43 43 41 41 38 41 31 36 45 30 46 33 31 44 41 43 46 31 44 41 32 36 41 32 32 31 46 20 4D 3D 41 63 63 65 73 73 20 67 72 61 6E 74 65 64 } ASCII: { @ K Uy # ?S=E58CEE285B030CCAA8A16E0F31DACF1DA26A221F M=Access granted} xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 20, tunnel = 55102, call = 64760 ref=0 refhim=0 packet dump: HEX: { 02 00 3E D7 F8 FC FF 03 80 21 01 01 00 0A 03 06 00 00 00 00 } ASCII: { > ! } sent [CCP ConfReq id=0x1 <deflate 15> <deflate(old#) 15> <bsd v1 15>] packet dump: HEX: { 40 02 00 1B 10 14 55 79 FF 03 80 FD 01 01 00 0F 1A 04 78 00 18 04 78 00 15 03 2F } ASCII: { @ Uy x x /} xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 14, tunnel = 55102, call = 64760 ref=0 refhim=0 packet dump: HEX: { 02 00 3E D7 F8 FC FF 03 80 FD 01 01 00 04 } ASCII: { > } xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 25, tunnel = 55102, call = 64760 ref=0 refhim=0 packet dump: HEX: { 02 00 3E D7 F8 FC FF 03 80 FD 04 01 00 0F 1A 04 78 00 18 04 78 00 15 03 2F } ASCII: { > x x /} sent [IPCP ConfReq id=0x1 <compress VJ 0f 01> <addr 100.0.0.10>] rcvd [IPCP ConfReq id=0x1 <addr 0.0.0.0>] sent [IPCP ConfNak id=0x1 <addr 100.0.0.100>]packet dump: HEX: { 40 02 00 1C 10 14 55 79 FF 03 80 21 01 01 00 10 02 06 00 2D 0F 01 03 06 64 00 00 0A } ASCII: { @ Uy ! - d } packet dump: HEX: { 40 02 00 16 10 14 55 79 FF 03 80 21 03 01 00 0A 03 06 64 00 00 64 } ASCII: { @ Uy ! d d} xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 20, tunnel = 55102, call = 64760 ref=0 refhim=0 packet dump: HEX: { 02 00 3E D7 F8 FC FF 03 80 21 04 01 00 0A 02 06 00 2D 0F 01 } ASCII: { > ! - } rcvd [CCP ConfReq id=0x1] sent [CCP ConfAck id=0x1] xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 20, tunnel = 55102, call = 64760 ref=0 refhim=0 packet dump: HEX: { 02 00 3E D7 F8 FC FF 03 80 21 01 02 00 0A 03 06 64 00 00 64 } ASCII: { > ! d d} packet dump: HEX: { 40 02 00 10 10 14 55 79 FF 03 80 FD 02 01 00 04 } ASCII: { @ Uy } rcvd [CCP ConfRej id=0x1 <deflate 15> <deflate(old#) 15> <bsd v1 15>] sent [CCP ConfReq id=0x2] packet dump: HEX: { 40 02 00 10 10 14 55 79 FF 03 80 FD 01 02 00 04 } ASCII: { @ Uy } xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 14, tunnel = 55102, call = 64760 ref=0 refhim=0 packet dump: HEX: { 02 00 3E D7 F8 FC FF 03 80 FD 02 02 00 04 } ASCII: { rcvd [IPCP ConfRej id=0x1 <compress VJ 0f 01>] sent [IPCP ConfReq id=0x2 <addr 100.0.0.10>] > } rcvd [IPCP ConfReq id=0x2 <addr 100.0.0.100>]packet dump: HEX: { 40 02 00 16 10 14 55 79 FF 03 80 21 01 02 00 0A 03 06 64 00 00 0A } ASCII: { @ Uy ! d } xl2tpd[1364]: network_thread: recv packet from 192.168.123.88, size = 20, tunnel = 55102, call = 64760 ref=0 refhim=0 packet dump: HEX: { 02 00 3E D7 F8 FC FF 03 80 21 02 02 00 0A 03 06 64 00 00 0A } ASCII: { sent [IPCP ConfAck id=0x2 <addr 100.0.0.100>] rcvd [CCP ConfAck id=0x2] > ! d } packet dump: HEX: { 40 02 00 16 10 14 55 79 FF 03 80 21 02 02 00 0A 03 06 64 00 00 64 } ASCII: { @ Uy ! d d} rcvd [IPCP ConfAck id=0x2 <addr 100.0.0.10>] local IP address 100.0.0.10 remote IP address 100.0.0.100
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4.3) 实验测试图片
nuc980 arm上的tunnel接入点
客户端ping 服务端 nuc980 的时延
调整xl2tp的conf文件通讯速率后的时延
名称解释说明：
L2TP（Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol）是一种用于承载PPP报文的channel技术；使用L2TP “承载”PPP报文在Internet上传输有多种方式，1、通过传统拨号方式接入Internet，2、以太网方式接入Internet 。
PPP(Point-to-Point Protocol)，链路层协议。PPP是为了在点对点物理链路(例如RS232串口链路、电话ISDN线路等)上传输OSI模型中的网络层报文而设计的，它改进了之前的一个点对点协议-SLIP协议–只能同时运行一个网络协议、无容错控制、无授权等许多缺陷，PPP是现在最流行的点对点链路控制协议。
ppp与l2tp 协议间的关系，可参考下图：
用户通过PPPoE方式发起建立连接指令，其本质就是:
echo “c lac” > /var/run/xl2tpd/l2tp-control 启动 l2tp 的控制程序,程序中采用 PPPoL2TP 的方式，与 L2TP 的服务器进行鉴权、协商并建立 l2tp 链路，建成后的链路在操作系统中体现方式：virtual PPP 网卡设备。
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