写python爬虫的第一天，拿百度练手遇到 “ 被反爬遇到＜title＞百度安全验证＜/title＞ ” 的解决方案_百度安全验证

作者：笔触狂放9 | 2024-04-10 10:25:12

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百度安全验证

博主第一次写博文，第一次学爬虫，就是想分享，大家见怪不怪，

首先我设置了一个自定义UA代理池并没有采用插件pip install fake-useragent形式进行随机获取print(ua.ie)

下面是我修改了第一个错误之后的程序，我第一次写的是


ua={"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.12; rv:65.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/65.0",
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.12; rv:65.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/65.0"
}


url = 'http://www.baidu.com/'
headers = ua_info.a
req = request.Request(url=url, headers=headers)
res = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
#html = res.read().decode('utf-8')
print(html)

遇到的第一个问题：


Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Programs\Python\pythonProject\main.py", line 25, in
req = request.Request(url=url, headers=headers)
File "C:\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\urllib\request.py", line 326, in init
for key, value in headers.items():
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'items'
 
Process finished with exit code 1

改好第一个问题之后的程序


ua_list = [
    'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11',
    'User-Agent:Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1',
    'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0',
    'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1',
    'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1',
]
a = random.choice(ua_list)
print(a)


url = 'http://www.baidu.com/'
rs1 = ua_info.a
headers = {'User-Agent': rs1}
 
# 1、创建请求对象，包装ua信息
# req = request.Request(url=url, headers=headers)
 
query_string = {
    'wd': '爬虫'
}
result = parse.urlencode(query_string)
url1 = 'http://www.baidu.com/s?{}'.format(result)
req = request.Request(url=url1, headers=headers)
res = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
html = res.read().decode('utf-8')
print(html)

爬个五次吧，出现了下面结果


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>百度安全验证</title>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
    <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no, email=no">
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.baidu.com/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
    <link rel="icon" sizes="any" mask href="https://www.baidu.com/img/baidu.svg">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge">
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="upgrade-insecure-requests">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://wappass.bdimg.com/static/touch/css/api/mkdjump_0635445.css" />
</head>
<body>
    <div class="timeout hide">
        <div class="timeout-img"></div>
        <div class="timeout-title">网络不给力，请稍后重试</div>
        <button type="button" class="timeout-button">返回首页</button>
    </div>
    <div class="timeout-feedback hide">
        <div class="timeout-feedback-icon"></div>
        <p class="timeout-feedback-title">问题反馈</p>
    </div>

查百度解决方案让我在headers中加个参数，并说明找到的位置，并且已经得到了解决，


headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.97 Safari/537.36 Edg/83.0.478.50',
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9'
}

好奇之下我查了爬虫与反爬的对抗，如下

文章链接：反爬虫策略及破解方法 - 特洛伊-Micro - 博客园反爬虫策略及破解方法作者出蜘蛛网了反爬虫策略及破解方法作者出蜘蛛网了反爬虫策略及破解方法作者出蜘蛛网了反爬虫策略及破解方法爬虫和反爬的对抗一直在进行着…为了帮助更好的进行爬虫行为以及反爬，https://www.cnblogs.com/micro-chen/p/8676312.html

试了试下面的代码，也是可以的，但是会报警告

headers={'User-Agent':'Baiduspider'}

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