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- # 52、pandas.from_dummies函数
- pandas.from_dummies(data, sep=None, default_category=None)
- Create a categorical DataFrame from a DataFrame of dummy variables.
-
- Inverts the operation performed by get_dummies().
-
- New in version 1.5.0.
-
- Parameters:
- data
- DataFrame
- Data which contains dummy-coded variables in form of integer columns of 1’s and 0’s.
-
- sep
- str, default None
- Separator used in the column names of the dummy categories they are character indicating the separation of the categorical names from the prefixes. For example, if your column names are ‘prefix_A’ and ‘prefix_B’, you can strip the underscore by specifying sep=’_’.
-
- default_category
- None, Hashable or dict of Hashables, default None
- The default category is the implied category when a value has none of the listed categories specified with a one, i.e. if all dummies in a row are zero. Can be a single value for all variables or a dict directly mapping the default categories to a prefix of a variable.
-
- Returns:
- DataFrame
- Categorical data decoded from the dummy input-data.
-
- Raises:
- ValueError
- When the input DataFrame data contains NA values.
-
- When the input DataFrame data contains column names with separators that do not match the separator specified with sep.
-
- When a dict passed to default_category does not include an implied category for each prefix.
-
- When a value in data has more than one category assigned to it.
-
- When default_category=None and a value in data has no category assigned to it.
-
- TypeError
- When the input data is not of type DataFrame.
-
- When the input DataFrame data contains non-dummy data.
-
- When the passed sep is of a wrong data type.
-
- When the passed default_category is of a wrong data type.
52-2-1、data(必须):一个DataFrame对象,包含了哑变量(0和1)的列,每列通常表示一个类别的存在或缺失。
52-2-2、sep(可选,默认值为None):用于分隔哑变量列名中类别信息的分隔符。例如,如果列名是A_cat和A_dog,并且用下划线分隔,那么sep应该设置为 _
。
52-2-3、default_category(可选,默认值为None):在原始数据中,可能有一些类别在哑变量中缺失,这个参数允许指定一个默认类别,以便在缺失的情况下使用。
接受一个包含哑变量的DataFrame,并将其转换回表示原始类别的DataFrame,哑变量通常是通过对分类变量进行独热编码(one-hot encoding)生成的。
返回值是一个DataFrame,其中包含了原始的分类数据,这些数据是根据哑变量的值重构的,即每行数据中值为1的哑变量列对应的列名(去掉分隔符和前缀)即为原始分类变量的值。
该函数非常有用,特别是在对数据进行独热编码之后希望恢复原始分类变量的情况下,它简化了数据预处理和模型结果解释的过程。
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- # 52、pandas.from_dummies函数
- import pandas as pd
- # 示例哑变量DataFrame
- data = pd.DataFrame({
- 'color_red': [1, 0, 0],
- 'color_blue': [0, 1, 0],
- 'color_green': [0, 0, 1]
- })
- # 使用pandas.from_dummies将哑变量转换回原始分类数据
- original_data = pd.from_dummies(data, sep='_')
- print(original_data)
- # 52、pandas.from_dummies函数
- # color
- # 0 red
- # 1 blue
- # 2 green
- # 53、pandas.factorize函数
- pandas.factorize(values, sort=False, use_na_sentinel=True, size_hint=None)
- Encode the object as an enumerated type or categorical variable.
-
- This method is useful for obtaining a numeric representation of an array when all that matters is identifying distinct values. factorize is available as both a top-level function pandas.factorize(), and as a method Series.factorize() and Index.factorize().
-
- Parameters:
- valuessequence
- A 1-D sequence. Sequences that aren’t pandas objects are coerced to ndarrays before factorization.
-
- sortbool, default False
- Sort uniques and shuffle codes to maintain the relationship.
-
- use_na_sentinelbool, default True
- If True, the sentinel -1 will be used for NaN values. If False, NaN values will be encoded as non-negative integers and will not drop the NaN from the uniques of the values.
-
- New in version 1.5.0.
-
- size_hintint, optional
- Hint to the hashtable sizer.
-
- Returns:
- codesndarray
- An integer ndarray that’s an indexer into uniques. uniques.take(codes) will have the same values as values.
-
- uniquesndarray, Index, or Categorical
- The unique valid values. When values is Categorical, uniques is a Categorical. When values is some other pandas object, an Index is returned. Otherwise, a 1-D ndarray is returned.
-
- Note
-
- Even if there’s a missing value in values, uniques will not contain an entry for it.
53-2-1、values(必须):需要编码的数组或序列,可以是列表、NumPy数组、Pandas系列等。
53-2-2、sort(可选,默认值为False):是否对唯一值数组进行排序,如果为True,返回的唯一值数组将按字典顺序排序。
53-2-3、use_na_sentinel(可选,默认值为True):是否在输出整数数组中使用-1作为NaN的标记,如果为False,则将NaN也编码为一个唯一的整数。
53-2-4、size_hint(可选,默认值为None):一个整数提示,用于内部优化,指示预期的唯一值的数量,这可以提高大规模数据的处理性能。
将一组值(如列表、数组或序列)编码为整数索引。具体来说,它会为每个唯一值分配一个唯一的整数,并返回这些整数索引以及唯一值的数组。
返回两个对象:
53-4-1、整数索引数组:一个与输入数组大小相同的整数数组,其中每个整数对应于输入数组中的一个值。
53-4-2、唯一值数组:一个包含输入数组中所有唯一值的数组,按它们首次出现的顺序排列,除非使用sort=True参数。
pandas.factorize的主要功能是:
53-5-1、将类别数据转换为整数索引:通过为每个唯一值分配一个整数,使得类别数据可以用于数值计算或进一步分析。
53-5-2、处理缺失值:可以选择是否将缺失值(NaN)编码为一个特定的整数(默认为-1)。
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- # 53、pandas.factorize函数
- # 53-1、基本用法
- import pandas as pd
- values = ['a', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'b']
- factorized_values, unique_values = pd.factorize(values)
- print(factorized_values)
- print(unique_values)
-
- # 53-2、使用sort参数
- import pandas as pd
- values = ['a', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'b']
- factorized_values, unique_values = pd.factorize(values, sort=True)
- print(factorized_values)
- print(unique_values)
-
- # 53-3、处理NaN
- import pandas as pd
- values_with_nan = ['a', 'b', None, 'a', 'c']
- factorized_values, unique_values = pd.factorize(values_with_nan, use_na_sentinel=True)
- print(factorized_values)
- print(unique_values)
-
- # 53-4、使用size_hint参数
- import pandas as pd
- large_values = ['a'] * 100000 + ['b'] * 100000
- factorized_values, unique_values = pd.factorize(large_values, size_hint=2)
- print(factorized_values[:10])
- print(unique_values)
- # 53、pandas.factorize函数
- # 53-1、基本用法
- # [0 1 0 2 1]
- # ['a' 'b' 'c']
-
- # 53-2、使用sort参数
- # [0 1 0 2 1]
- # ['a' 'b' 'c']
-
- # 53-3、处理NaN
- # [ 0 1 -1 0 2]
- # ['a' 'b' 'c']
-
- # 53-4、使用size_hint参数
- # [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
- # ['a' 'b']
- # 54、pandas.unique函数
- pandas.unique(values)
- Return unique values based on a hash table.
-
- Uniques are returned in order of appearance. This does NOT sort.
-
- Significantly faster than numpy.unique for long enough sequences. Includes NA values.
-
- Parameters:
- values
- 1d array-like
- Returns:
- numpy.ndarray or ExtensionArray
- The return can be:
-
- Index : when the input is an Index
-
- Categorical : when the input is a Categorical dtype
-
- ndarray : when the input is a Series/ndarray
-
- Return numpy.ndarray or ExtensionArray.
54-2-1、values(必须):可以是以下几种类型的对象:
返回输入数组中的唯一值,按它们在数组中首次出现的顺序排列。
返回一个numpy.ndarray,其中包含输入数组中的唯一值。
pandas.unique是一个简单且高效的函数,用于从一维数组、Series或Index中提取唯一值,它只需要一个参数,即要处理的数组,并返回一个包含唯一值的numpy.ndarray,这种功能在数据预处理和清理阶段非常有用,可以帮助识别数据集中的独特元素。
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- # 54、pandas.unique函数
- # 54-1、处理列表
- import pandas as pd
- values = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5]
- unique_values = pd.unique(values)
- print(unique_values)
-
- # 54-2、处理pandas Series
- import pandas as pd
- series = pd.Series(['a', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'b', 'd'])
- unique_values = pd.unique(series)
- print(unique_values)
-
- # 54-3、处理numpy数组
- import pandas as pd
- import numpy as np
- array = np.array([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4])
- unique_values = pd.unique(array)
- print(unique_values)
-
- # 54-4、处理含有NaN的数据
- import pandas as pd
- values_with_nan = [1, 2, np.nan, 2, np.nan, 3]
- unique_values = pd.unique(values_with_nan)
- print(unique_values)
- # 54、pandas.unique函数
- # 54-1、处理列表
- # [1 2 3 4 5]
-
- # 54-2、处理pandas Series
- # ['a' 'b' 'c' 'd']
-
- # 54-3、处理numpy数组
- # [1 2 3 4]
-
- # 54-4、处理含有NaN的数据
- # [ 1. 2. nan 3.]
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