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最近准备研究下机械臂的你运动分析,本文记录相关过程。
研究机械臂必不可少的就是建立模型进项测试分析,不可能直接用实物测试。本文将采用MATLAB进行建立模型,已经安装好机器人工具箱
1、首先要搞清楚Link类,类中包含了方法、属性,下面为官方函数说明,可自行翻译成中文
- % A Link object holds all information related to a robot link such as
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- % kinematics parameters, rigid-body inertial parameters, motor and
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- % transmission parameters.
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- % Methods::
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- % A link transform matrix
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- % RP joint type: ‘R’ or ‘P’
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- % friction friction force
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- % nofriction Link object with friction parameters set to zero
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- % dyn display link dynamic parameters
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- % islimit test if joint exceeds soft limit
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- % isrevolute test if joint is revolute
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- % isprismatic test if joint is prismatic
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- % display print the link parameters in human readable form
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- % char convert to string
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- %
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- % Properties (read/write)::
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- %
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- % theta kinematic: joint angle
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- % d kinematic: link offset
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- % a kinematic: link length
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- % alpha kinematic: link twist
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- % sigma kinematic: 0 if revolute, 1 if prismatic
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- % mdh kinematic: 0 if standard D&H, else 1
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- % offset kinematic: joint variable offset
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- % qlim kinematic: joint variable limits [min max]
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- %-
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- % m dynamic: link mass
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- % r dynamic: link COG wrt link coordinate frame 3×1
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- % I dynamic: link inertia matrix, symmetric 3×3, about link COG.
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- % B dynamic: link viscous friction (motor referred)
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- % Tc dynamic: link Coulomb friction
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- %-
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- % G actuator: gear ratio
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- % Jm actuator: motor inertia (motor referred)
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- %
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- % Examples::
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- %
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- % L = Link([0 1.2 0.3 pi/2]);
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- % L = Link(‘revolute’, ‘d’, 1.2, ‘a’, 0.3, ‘alpha’, pi/2);
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- % L = Revolute(‘d’, 1.2, ‘a’, 0.3, ‘alpha’, pi/2);
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- %
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- % Notes::
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- % – This is a reference class object.
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- % – Link objects can be used in vectors and arrays.
其中我们D-H参数相关的属性有
% theta kinematic: joint angle 关节角度
% d kinematic: link offset 偏距
% a kinematic: link length 长度
% alpha kinematic: link twist 扭角
其D-H参数确定方法在上一篇博客中,请自行查看
2、SerialLink类。
- % A concrete class that represents a serial-link arm-type robot. The
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- % mechanism is described using Denavit-Hartenberg parameters, one set
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- % per joint.
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- %
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- % Methods::
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- %
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- % plot display graphical representation of robot
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- % plot3d display 3D graphical model of robot
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- % teach drive the graphical robot
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- % getpos get position of graphical robot
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- %-
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- % jtraj a joint space trajectory
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- %-
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- % edit display and edit kinematic and dynamic parameters
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- %-
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- % isspherical test if robot has spherical wrist
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- % islimit test if robot at joint limit
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- % isconfig test robot joint configuration
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- %-
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- % fkine forward kinematics
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- % A link transforms
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- % trchain forward kinematics as a chain of elementary transforms
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- %-
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- % ikine6s inverse kinematics for 6-axis spherical wrist revolute robot
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- % ikine inverse kinematics using iterative numerical method
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- % ikunc inverse kinematics using optimisation
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- % ikcon inverse kinematics using optimisation with joint limits
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- % ikine_sym analytic inverse kinematics obtained symbolically
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- %-
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- % jacob0 Jacobian matrix in world frame
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- % jacobn Jacobian matrix in tool frame
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- % jacob_dot Jacobian derivative
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- % maniplty manipulability
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- % vellipse display velocity ellipsoid
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- % fellipse display force ellipsoid
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- % qmincon null space motion to centre joints between limits
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- %-
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- % accel joint acceleration
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- % coriolis Coriolis joint force
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- % dyn show dynamic properties of links
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- % friction friction force
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- % gravload gravity joint force
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- % inertia joint inertia matrix
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- % cinertia Cartesian inertia matrix
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- % nofriction set friction parameters to zero
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- % rne inverse dynamics
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- % fdyn forward dynamics
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- %-
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- % payload add a payload in end-effector frame
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- % perturb randomly perturb link dynamic parameters
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- % gravjac gravity load and Jacobian
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- % paycap payload capacity
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- % pay payload effect
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- %-
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- % sym a symbolic version of the object
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- % gencoords symbolic generalized coordinates
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- % genforces symbolic generalized forces
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- % issym test if object is symbolic
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- %
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- % Properties (read/write)::
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- %
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- % links vector of Link objects (1xN)
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- % gravity direction of gravity [gx gy gz]
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- % base pose of robot’s base (4×4 homog xform)
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- % tool robot’s tool transform, T6 to tool tip (4×4 homog xform)
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- % qlim joint limits, [qmin qmax] (Nx2)
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- % offset kinematic joint coordinate offsets (Nx1)
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- % name name of robot, used for graphical display
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- % manuf annotation, manufacturer’s name
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- % comment annotation, general comment
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- % plotopt options for plot() method (cell array)
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- % fast use MEX version of RNE. Can only be set true if the mex
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- % file exists. Default is true.
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- %
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- % Properties (read only)::
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- %
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- % n number of joints
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- % config joint configuration string, eg. ‘RRRRRR’
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- % mdh kinematic convention boolean (0=DH, 1=MDH)
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- % theta kinematic: joint angles (1xN)
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- % d kinematic: link offsets (1xN)
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- % a kinematic: link lengths (1xN)
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- % alpha kinematic: link twists (1xN)
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- %
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- % Overloaded operators::
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- % R1*R2 concatenate two SerialLink manipulators R1 and R2
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- %
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- % Note::
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- % – SerialLink is a reference object.
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- % – SerialLink objects can be used in vectors and arrays
3、两个类了解后便可建立我哦们的模型,首先列出自己所用机器人的D-H参数表
i | theta | d | a | alpha |
1 | theta1 | 0 | 3 | -pi/2 |
2 | theta2 | 0 | 6.4 | 0 |
3 | theta3 | 0 | 5.5 | 0 |
4 | theta4 | 2.5 | 5.5 | 0 |
4、根据D-H表列出
- L1 = Link(‘d’, 0, ‘a’, 3, ‘alpha’, -pi/2);
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- L2 = Link(‘d’, 0, ‘a’, 6.4, ‘alpha’,0);
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- L3 = Link(‘d’, 0, ‘a’, 5.5, ‘alpha’, 0);
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- L4 = Link(‘d’, 2.5, ‘a’, 5.5, ‘alpha’, 0);
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- armbot=SerialLink([L1,L2,L3,L4]); %SerialLink 机器人
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- armbot.name = ‘ArmBot’;
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- armbot.comment = ‘shaynerain’;
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- armbot.display(); %打印
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- theta = [0,0,0,0];
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- armbot.plot(theta); %显示
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