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谈到java BIO中的性能优化,大部分人都会说使用BufferedInputStream BufferedOutputStream,理由是IO是跟硬件交互,是耗时操作,使用BufferedInputStream减少IO交互次数能大量提升IO性能。
查看BufferedInputStream 源码,BufferedInputStream 有一个缓存数组
protected volatile byte buf[];
缓存数组大小默认是8192,也就是8K,(网上好多文章都是8M....文章一大抄 0.0)
private static int defaultBufferSize = 8192;
调用BufferedInputStream的读取方法时,会先判断缓存数组有没有可用数据,如果没有会先调用fill()方法将数据从硬盘加载到缓存中,然后从缓存数据中取数据返回。(调用fill前有个判断(第八行)如果要求的数据长度比缓存的数组容器长度(不是指有效缓存长度)大,那将直接从硬盘读取加载,不再走BufferedInputStream的内存缓存)
- private int read1(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
- int avail = count - pos;
- if (avail <= 0) {
- /* If the requested length is at least as large as the buffer, and
- if there is no mark/reset activity, do not bother to copy the
- bytes into the local buffer. In this way buffered streams will
- cascade harmlessly. */
- if (len >= getBufIfOpen().length && markpos < 0) {
- return getInIfOpen().read(b, off, len);
- }
- fill();
- avail = count - pos;
- if (avail <= 0) return -1;
- }
- int cnt = (avail < len) ? avail : len;
- System.arraycopy(getBufIfOpen(), pos, b, off, cnt);
- pos += cnt;
- return cnt;
- }
- private void fill() throws IOException {
- byte[] buffer = getBufIfOpen();
- if (markpos < 0)
- pos = 0; /* no mark: throw away the buffer */
- else if (pos >= buffer.length) /* no room left in buffer */
- if (markpos > 0) { /* can throw away early part of the buffer */
- int sz = pos - markpos;
- System.arraycopy(buffer, markpos, buffer, 0, sz);
- pos = sz;
- markpos = 0;
- } else if (buffer.length >= marklimit) {
- markpos = -1; /* buffer got too big, invalidate mark */
- pos = 0; /* drop buffer contents */
- } else { /* grow buffer */
- int nsz = pos * 2;
- if (nsz > marklimit)
- nsz = marklimit;
- byte nbuf[] = new byte[nsz];
- System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, nbuf, 0, pos);
- if (!bufUpdater.compareAndSet(this, buffer, nbuf)) {
- // Can't replace buf if there was an async close.
- // Note: This would need to be changed if fill()
- // is ever made accessible to multiple threads.
- // But for now, the only way CAS can fail is via close.
- // assert buf == null;
- throw new IOException("Stream closed");
- }
- buffer = nbuf;
- }
- count = pos;
- int n = getInIfOpen().read(buffer, pos, buffer.length - pos);
- if (n > 0)
- count = n + pos;
- }
fill()方法的重点在倒数第四行,BufferedInputStream是一个包装类,getInIfOpen()返回对象就是InputStream,由此可以看到BufferedInputStream的本质其实就是新增了一层内存缓存机制。
结论:只有两个情况下BufferedInputStream能优化io性能。
1.需要频繁读取小片数据流(一个字节或者几个,几十个字节)的情况。典型的就是java字符流的Writer 跟Reader了,字符串的大小都很小,频繁得与硬件打交道就会非常慢,一次性多加载点到内存中,再进行读取就快了,这也是为什么Writer跟Reader自带Buffer缓冲区,字节流不带的原因,字节流通常不需要频繁读取小片数据流来处理。
2.需要用到BufferedInputStream API的情况。
其他情况下,使用InputStream的read(byte[]),read(byte[], int, int)方法操作大片数据流(大于8k)即可,这个时候再用BufferedInputStream没有任何意义。当然,无脑用BufferedInputStream,通常也不会产生危害。
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