CENTOS 7 静默安装 ORACLE 19C_centos7 静默安装oracle 19c 指定数据存目录为data

 1.版本选择

        centos 8会在2021年底结束，centos 7 会持续支持至2024年

        oracle 19c是Long Term，支持会到2026年

        19c需要运行在linux7.5以上的系统，7.5以下可能会存在bug

        故选择cento7.9+oracle19c。

2.磁盘规划

        最优是数据，redo日志，归档日志分开存放在不同的磁盘：

        /data:用于存放数据

        /redolog1:用于存放redolog

        /redolog2:用于冗余存放redolog，防止redo损坏导致数据库故障

        /archivelog1:用于存放归档日志

        /archivelog2:用于冗余存放归档日志（归档日志的损坏并不会影响数据库运行，一般可以不进行冗余，如发现损坏，及时做好rman备份即可）

3.关闭防火墙

 
systemctl stop firewalld.service
 
systemctl disable firewalld.service
 
systemctl status firewalld.service

4.关闭selinux

        编辑/etc/selinux/config 文件

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config
 
 
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
 
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
 
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
 
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
 
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
 
SELINUX=disabled
 
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
 
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
 
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
 
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

5.关闭NUMA

        官方建议在Linux Redhat7的环境中建议关闭NUMA，不然以后可能影响到数据库性能

[root@localhost ~]# grubby --default-kernel
 
/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
 
[root@localhost ~]# grubby --info  /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
 
index=0
 
kernel=/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
 
args="ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet LANG=en_US.UTF-8"
 
root=/dev/mapper/centos-root
 
initrd=/boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64.img
 
title=CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
 
[root@localhost ~]# grubby --args=numa=off --update-kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
 
[root@localhost ~]# grubby --info  /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
 
index=0
 
kernel=/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
 
args="ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet LANG=en_US.UTF-8 numa=off"
 
root=/dev/mapper/centos-root
 
initrd=/boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64.img
 
title=CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
 
重启系统
 
[root@localhost ~]# grubby --info  /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
 
index=0
 
kernel=/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
 
args="ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet LANG=en_US.UTF-8 numa=off"
 
root=/dev/mapper/centos-root
 
initrd=/boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64.img
 
title=CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
 
[root@localhost ~]# grep -i numa /var/log/dmesg
 
[    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet LANG=en_US.UTF-8 numa=off
 
[    0.000000] NUMA turned off
 
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet LANG=en_US.UTF-8 numa=off
 
[root@localhost ~]#

 6.安装依赖包

     

yum install bc binutils  compat-libcap1  compat-libstdc++33  elfutils-libelf  elfutils-libelf-devel  fontconfig-devel  glibc  glibc-devel  ksh  libaio  libaio-devel  libX11  libXau  libXi  libXtst  libXrender  libXrender-devel  libgcc  libstdc++  libstdc++-devel  libxcb  make  smartmontools  sysstat  kmod* gcc-c++ psmisc

        手动上传compat-libstdc+±33-3.2.3安装

7.创建用户
       

/usr/sbin/groupadd  oinstall
 
/usr/sbin/groupadd  dba
 
/usr/sbin/groupadd  oper
 
/usr/sbin/useradd -g  oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
 
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
 
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/
 
chmod -R 775 /u01/
 
mkdir -p /oradata/data
 
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oradata/

8.修改内核参数

vim /etc/sysctl.conf
 
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
 
fs.file-max = 6815744
 
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
 
kernel.shmmax =  4398046511104
 
kernel.shmmni = 4096
 
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
 
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
 
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
 
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
 
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
 
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

修改完成后用 sysctl -p查看生效

9.修改认证模块

vim /etc/security/limits.conf
 
oracle soft nproc 131072
 
oracle hard nproc 131072
 
oracle soft nofile 131072
 
oracle hard nofile 131072
 
oracle soft core unlimited
 
oracle hard core unlimited
 
oracle soft memlock 50000000
 
oracle hard memlock 50000000

10.修改用户登录认证

vim /etc/pam.d/login
 
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
 
session required pam_limits.so

11.设置环境变量

vim /etc/profile
 
#oracle
 
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
 
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
 
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
 
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
 
ulimit -p 16384
 
ulimit -n 65536
 
else
 
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
 
fi
 
fi

12.设置oracle环境变量

vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
 
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
 
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/db_1
 
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
 
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
 
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:/usr/sbin:$PATH
 
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

13.配置/etc/hosts

        10.10.5.19 localhost(主机名)

14.使用oracle用户将安装包上传至ORACLE_HOME目录，并解压在该目录

        

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
 
[oracle@localhost db_1]$ ls
 
LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
 
[oracle@localhost db_1]$ unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip

15.开始安装数据库软件

  编辑响应文件：/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/install/response/db_install.rsp

修改一下参数：

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
 
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
 
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
 
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
 
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
 
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
 
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
 
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
 
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
 
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
 
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
 
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
 
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=true
 
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.configMethod=ROOT

运行如下命令开始安装：

 ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/install/response/db_install.rsp

​

16.使用netca创建监听：

使用默认的响应文件既可以：/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

运行如下命令开始创建监听：

netca -silent -responseFile /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

       

17.使用dbca建库

 ​编辑响应文件：/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp

  修改一下参数：

gdbName=orcl
 
sid=orcl
 
databaseConfigType=SI
 
templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
 
sysPassword=“oracle”
 
systemPassword=“oracle”
 
datafileDestination=/oradata/data
 
characterSet=zhs16gbk
 
totalMemory=1024

运行如下命令开始创建数据库：

dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp

至此安装完毕

18.参数调整

  安装完成后有些参数需要按照服务器配置情况调整：

1. SGA大小
2. PGA大小
3. 最大连接数
4. Redolog位置及大小
5. 归档开启