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【2023年】云计算金砖牛刀小试
作者：繁依Fanyi0 | 2024-08-06 03:22:48
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【2023年】云计算金砖牛刀小试
A模块题目OpenStack平台部署与运维
任务 1 私有云平台环境初始化（6 分）
| IP | 主机名 |
|---|---|
| 192.168.157.30 | controller |
| 192.168.157.31 | compute |
1.配置主机名
把 controller 节点主机名设置为 controller, compute 节点主机名设置为 compute。
分别在 controller 节点和 compute 节点将 hostname 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【0.5 分】
[root@controller ~]# hostname
controller
[root@compute ~]# hostname
compute
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解法:
hostnamectl set-hostname controller
hostnamectl set-hostname compute
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2.配置 hosts 文件
分别在 controller 节点和 compute 节点修改 hosts 文件将 IP 地址映射为主机名。
请在 controller 节点将 cat /etc/hosts 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。 【0.5 分】
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.157.30 controller
192.168.157.31 compute
[root@compute ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.157.30 controller
192.168.157.31 compute
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3.挂载光盘镜像
将提供的 CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso 和 bricsskills_cloud_iaas.iso 光盘镜像移动到
controller 节点 /root 目录下，然后在 /opt 目录下使用命令创建 centos 目录和 iaas 目录，
并将镜像文件 centOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso 挂载到 /opt/centos 目录下，将镜像文件
bricsskills_cloud_iaas.iso 挂载到 /iaas 目录下。
请在 controller 节点将 ls /opt/iaas/命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【0.5 分】
iaas-repo images
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解法:
#将指定的镜像上传至/root目录下
#挂载
[root@controller ~]# cat >> /etc/fstab << EOF
/root/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso /opt/centos iso9660 defaults 0 0
/root/chinaskills_cloud_iaas.iso /opt/iaas iso9660 defaults 0 0
EOF
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4.配置 controller 节点 yum 源
将 controller 节点原有的 yum 源移动到/home 目录，
为 controller 节点创建本地 yum 源，
yum 源文件名为 local.repo。
请将 yum list | grep vsftpd 的返回结果提交到答题框。【0.5 分】
[root@controller ~]# yum list | grep vsftpd
vsftpd.x86_64 3.0.2-22.el7 centos
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解法:
[root@controller ~]# mkdir /home/yum
[root@controller ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /home/yum
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[centos]
name=centos
baseurl=file:///opt/centos
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[iaas]
name=iaas
baseurl=file:///opt/iaas/iaas-repo
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@controller ~]# yum repolist
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5.搭建 ftp 服务器
在 controller 节点上安装 vsftp 服务, 将/opt 目录设为共享，并设置为开机自启动，然后
重启服务生效。
请将 cat /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf |grep /opt 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【1 分】
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf |grep /opt
anon_root=/opt
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解法:
[root@controller ~]# yum install -y vsftpd [root@controller ~]# cat /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf #添加 anon_root=/opt [root@controller ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd --now Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service. #关闭防火墙及安全策略 [root@controller ~]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. [root@controller ~]# setenforce 0 [root@controller ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config SELINUX=permissive [root@compute ~]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. [root@compute ~]# setenforce 0 [root@compute ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config SELINUX=permissive
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6.配置 compute 节点 yum 源
将 compute 节点原有的 yum 源移动到/home 目录，为 compute 节点创建 ftp 源，yum 源文件
名为 ftp.repo，其中 ftp 服务器为 controller 节点,配置 ftp 源时不要写 IP 地址。
请将 yum list | grep xiandian 命令的返回结果提交到答题框【1 分】
[root@compute ~]# yum list | grep xiandian
iaas-xiandian.x86_64 2.4-2 iaas-0
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解法:
[root@compute ~]# mkdir /home/yum
[root@compute ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /home/yum
[root@compute ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/ftp.repo
[centos]
name=centos
baseurl=ftp://controller/centos
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[iaas]
name=iaas
baseurl=ftp://controller/iaas/iaas-repo
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@compute ~]# yum repolist
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7.分区
在 compute 节点将 vdb 分为两个区分别为 vdb1 和 vdb2,大小自定义。要求分区格式为 gpt,
使用 mkfs.xfs 命令对文件系统格式化。
请将 lsblk -f 命令的返回结果提交到答题框【1 分】
虚拟机没有vdb区,使用sdb分区进行代替
[root@compute ~]# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 xfs c2b0cad1-cdef-48c6-adb7-5e4eafaf7458 /boot
└─sda2 LVM2_member oiioJ7-K5mu-sPhw-R4Rb-S3yH-fWo9-23G9aY
├─centos-root xfs e78104be-5c62-4102-b730-f03cde9fa24a /
└─centos-swap swap 74991746-7fc7-4936-a835-4f603f2468c8 [SWAP]
sdb
├─sdb1 xfs 25a1594a-769d-48ac-966c-d59607cd0bb4
└─sdb2 xfs c49808f0-0ac0-4848-957d-e0525f1117b3
sdc
sr0 iso9660 CentOS 7 x86_64 2018-05-03-20-55-23-00
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解法:
[root@compute ~]# yum install -y gdisk [root@compute ~]# gdisk /dev/sdb GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10 Partition table scan: MBR: not present BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: not present Creating new GPT entries. Command (? for help): n Partition number (1-128, default 1): First sector (34-41943006, default = 2048) or { +-}size{ KMGTP}: Last sector (2048-41943006, default = 41943006) or { +-}size{ KMGTP}: +10G Current type is 'Linux filesystem' Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem' Command (? for help): n Partition number (2-128, default 2): First sector (34-41943006, default = 20973568) or { +-}size{ KMGTP}: Last sector (20973568-41943006, default = 41943006) or { +-}size{ KMGTP}: +10G Last sector (20973568-41943006, default = 41943006) or { +-}size{ KMGTP}: Current type is 'Linux filesystem' Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem' Command (? for help): w Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING PARTITIONS!! Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb. The operation has completed successfully. [root@compute ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 [root@compute ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb2
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8.系统调优-脏数据回写
Linux 系统内存中会存在脏数据，一般系统默认脏数据占用内存 30%时会回写磁盘，修
改系统配置文件，要求将回写磁盘的大小调整为 60%。
在 controller 节点请将 sysctl -p 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【1 分】
[root@controller ~]# sysctl -p
vm.dirty_ratio = 60
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解法:
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.dirty_ratio = 60
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任务 2 OpenStack 搭建任务（8 分）
1.修改脚本文件
在 controller 节点和 compute 节点分别安装 iaas-xiandian 软件包，修改脚本文件基本变
量（脚本文件为/etc/xiandian/openrc.sh），修改完成后使用命令生效该脚本文件。
在 controller 节点请将 echo $INTERFACE_NAME 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【0.5 分】
[root@controller ~]# echo $INTERFACE_NAME
eth36
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解法:
#controller节点与compute节点做法相同 #只修改interface_ip和INTERFACE_NAME 即可 [root@controller ~]# yum install -y iaas-xiandian [root@controller ~]# cat /etc/xiandian/openrc.sh #--------------------system Config--------------------## #Controller Server Manager IP. example:x.x.x.x HOST_IP=192.168.157.30 #Controller HOST Password. example:000000 HOST_PASS=000000 #Controller Server hostname. example:controller HOST_NAME=controller #Compute Node Manager IP. example:x.x.x.x HOST_IP_NODE=192.168.157.31 #Compute HOST Password. example:000000 HOST_PASS_NODE=000000 #Compute Node hostname. example:compute HOST_NAME_NODE=compute #--------------------Chrony Config-------------------## #Controller network segment IP. example:x.x.0.0/16(x.x.x.0/24) network_segment_IP=192.168.157,0/24 #--------------------Rabbit Config ------------------## #user for rabbit. example:openstack RABBIT_USER=openstack #Password for rabbit user .example:000000 RABBIT_PASS=000000 #--------------------MySQL Config---------------------## #Password for MySQL root user . exmaple:000000 DB_PASS=000000 #--------------------Keystone Config------------------## #Password for Keystore admin user. exmaple:000000 DOMAIN_NAME=demo ADMIN_PASS=000000 DEMO_PASS=000000 #Password for Mysql keystore user. exmaple:000000 KEYSTONE_DBPASS=000000 #--------------------Glance Config--------------------## #Password for Mysql glance user. exmaple:000000 GLANCE_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore glance user. exmaple:000000 GLANCE_PASS=000000 #--------------------Nova Config----------------------## #Password for Mysql nova user. exmaple:000000 NOVA_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore nova user. exmaple:000000 NOVA_PASS=000000 #--------------------Neturon Config-------------------## #Password for Mysql neutron user. exmaple:000000 NEUTRON_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore neutron user. exmaple:000000 NEUTRON_PASS=000000 #metadata secret for neutron. exmaple:000000 METADATA_SECRET=000000 #Tunnel Network Interface. example:x.x.x.x INTERFACE_IP=192.168.157.30 #External Network Interface. example:eth1 INTERFACE_NAME=eth36 #External Network The Physical Adapter. example:provider Physical_NAME=provider #First Vlan ID in VLAN RANGE for VLAN Network. exmaple:101 minvlan=101 #Last Vlan ID in VLAN RANGE for VLAN Network. example:200 maxvlan=200 #--------------------Cinder Config--------------------## #Password for Mysql cinder user. exmaple:000000 CINDER_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore cinder user. exmaple:000000 CINDER_PASS=000000 #Cinder Block Disk. example:md126p3 BLOCK_DISK=sdb1 #--------------------Swift Config---------------------## #Password for Keystore swift user. exmaple:000000 SWIFT_PASS=000000 #The NODE Object Disk for Swift. example:md126p4. OBJECT_DISK=sdb2 #The NODE IP for Swift Storage Network. example:x.x.x.x. STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP=192.168.157.31 #--------------------Heat Config----------------------## #Password for Mysql heat user. exmaple:000000 HEAT_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore heat user. exmaple:000000 HEAT_PASS=000000 #--------------------Zun Config-----------------------## #Password for Mysql Zun user. exmaple:000000 ZUN_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore Zun user. exmaple:000000 ZUN_PASS=000000 #Password for Mysql Kuryr user. exmaple:000000 KURYR_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore Kuryr user. exmaple:000000 KURYR_PASS=000000 #--------------------Ceilometer Config----------------## #Password for Gnocchi ceilometer user. exmaple:000000 CEILOMETER_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore ceilometer user. exmaple:000000 CEILOMETER_PASS=000000 #--------------------AODH Config----------------## #Password for Mysql AODH user. exmaple:000000 AODH_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore AODH user. exmaple:000000 AODH_PASS=000000 #--------------------Barbican Config----------------## #Password for Mysql Barbican user. exmaple:000000 BARBICAN_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore Barbican user. exmaple:000000 BARBICAN_PASS=000000 root@controller ~]# source /etc/xiandian/openrc.sh
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2.修改脚本文件
在 compute 节点配置/etc/xiandian/openrc.sh 文件，根据环境情况修改参数，块存储服务
的后端使用第二块硬盘的第一个分区，生效该参数文件。
请将 echo $INTERFACE_IP&& echo $BLOCK_DISK 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【0.5 分】
[root@compute ~]# echo $INTERFACE_IP&& echo $BLOCK_DISK
192.168.157.31
sdb1
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解法:
[root@compute ~]# cat /etc/xiandian/openrc.sh #--------------------system Config--------------------## #Controller Server Manager IP. example:x.x.x.x HOST_IP=192.168.157.30 #Controller HOST Password. example:000000 HOST_PASS=000000 #Controller Server hostname. example:controller HOST_NAME=controller #Compute Node Manager IP. example:x.x.x.x HOST_IP_NODE=192.168.157.31 #Compute HOST Password. example:000000 HOST_PASS_NODE=000000 #Compute Node hostname. example:compute HOST_NAME_NODE=compute #--------------------Chrony Config-------------------## #Controller network segment IP. example:x.x.0.0/16(x.x.x.0/24) network_segment_IP=192.168.157,0/24 #--------------------Rabbit Config ------------------## #user for rabbit. example:openstack RABBIT_USER=openstack #Password for rabbit user .example:000000 RABBIT_PASS=000000 #--------------------MySQL Config---------------------## #Password for MySQL root user . exmaple:000000 DB_PASS=000000 #--------------------Keystone Config------------------## #Password for Keystore admin user. exmaple:000000 DOMAIN_NAME=demo ADMIN_PASS=000000 DEMO_PASS=000000 #Password for Mysql keystore user. exmaple:000000 KEYSTONE_DBPASS=000000 #--------------------Glance Config--------------------## #Password for Mysql glance user. exmaple:000000 GLANCE_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore glance user. exmaple:000000 GLANCE_PASS=000000 #--------------------Nova Config----------------------## #Password for Mysql nova user. exmaple:000000 NOVA_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore nova user. exmaple:000000 NOVA_PASS=000000 #--------------------Neturon Config-------------------## #Password for Mysql neutron user. exmaple:000000 NEUTRON_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore neutron user. exmaple:000000 NEUTRON_PASS=000000 #metadata secret for neutron. exmaple:000000 METADATA_SECRET=000000 #Tunnel Network Interface. example:x.x.x.x INTERFACE_IP=192.168.157.31 #External Network Interface. example:eth1 INTERFACE_NAME=eth37 #External Network The Physical Adapter. example:provider Physical_NAME=provider #First Vlan ID in VLAN RANGE for VLAN Network. exmaple:101 minvlan=101 #Last Vlan ID in VLAN RANGE for VLAN Network. example:200 maxvlan=200 #--------------------Cinder Config--------------------## #Password for Mysql cinder user. exmaple:000000 CINDER_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore cinder user. exmaple:000000 CINDER_PASS=000000 #Cinder Block Disk. example:md126p3 BLOCK_DISK=sdb1 #--------------------Swift Config---------------------## #Password for Keystore swift user. exmaple:000000 SWIFT_PASS=000000 #The NODE Object Disk for Swift. example:md126p4. OBJECT_DISK=sdb2 #The NODE IP for Swift Storage Network. example:x.x.x.x. STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP=192.168.157.31 #--------------------Heat Config----------------------## #Password for Mysql heat user. exmaple:000000 HEAT_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore heat user. exmaple:000000 HEAT_PASS=000000 #--------------------Zun Config-----------------------## #Password for Mysql Zun user. exmaple:000000 ZUN_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore Zun user. exmaple:000000 ZUN_PASS=000000 #Password for Mysql Kuryr user. exmaple:000000 KURYR_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore Kuryr user. exmaple:000000 KURYR_PASS=000000 #--------------------Ceilometer Config----------------## #Password for Gnocchi ceilometer user. exmaple:000000 CEILOMETER_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore ceilometer user. exmaple:000000 CEILOMETER_PASS=000000 #--------------------AODH Config----------------## #Password for Mysql AODH user. exmaple:000000 AODH_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore AODH user. exmaple:000000 AODH_PASS=000000 #--------------------Barbican Config----------------## #Password for Mysql Barbican user. exmaple:000000 BARBICAN_DBPASS=000000 #Password for Keystore Barbican user. exmaple:000000 BARBICAN_PASS=000000 [root@compute ~]# source /etc/xiandian/openrc.sh
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3.安装 openstack 包
分别在 controller 节点和 compute 节点执行 iaas-pre-host.sh 文件(不需要重启云主机)。
在 controller 节点请将 openstack --version 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【1 分】
[root@controller ~]# openstack --version
openstack 3.14.3
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解法:
[root@controller ~]# iaas-pre-host.sh
[root@compute ~]# iaas-pre-host.sh
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4. 搭建数据库组件
在 controller 节点执行 iaas-install-mysql.sh 脚本，会自行安装 mariadb、memcached、
rabbitmq 等服务和完成相关配置。执行完成后修改配置文件将缓存 CACHESIZE 修改为 128,
并重启相应服务。
请将 ps aux|grep memcached 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【1 分】
[root@controller ~]# ps aux|grep memcached
memcach+ 15901 0.1 0.0 443040 2164 ? Ssl 09:15 0:00 /usr/bin/memcached -p 11211 -u memcached -m 128 -c 1024 -l 127.0.0.1,::1,controller
root 15919 0.0 0.0 112704 960 pts/0 S+ 09:15 0:00 grep --color=auto memcached
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解法:
[root@controller ~]# iaas-install-mysql.sh
[root@controller ~]# rpm -qc memcached
/etc/sysconfig/memcached
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/memcached
PORT="11211"
USER="memcached"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="128"
OPTIONS="-l 127.0.0.1,::1,controller"
[root@controller ~]# systemctl restart memcached
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5.搭建认证服务组件
在 controller 节点执行 iaas-install-keystone.sh 脚本，会自行安装 keystone 服务和完成相
关配置。使用 openstack 命令，创建一个名为 tom 的账户，密码为 tompassword123,邮箱为
tom@example.com。
请将 openstack user list 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【1 分】
[root@controller ~]# openstack user list
+----------------------------------+-------+
| ID | Name |
+----------------------------------+-------+
| 0a22a2d4f3964cfbbbd6474dc92cca01 | admin |
| 196d426492be403b8fbaa4b0c0f8e2a9 | tom |
| 314971684b4d4345b5aa43b2dd55339f | demo |
+----------------------------------+-------+
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解法:
[root@controller ~]# iaas-install-keystone.sh [root@controller ~]# source /etc/keystone/admin-openrc.sh [root@controller ~]# openstack user create tom --password tompassword123 --email tom@example.com --domain demo +---------------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------+----------------------------------+ | domain_id | ed6f7dc2006d4010bd9194ebc576d9e9 | | email | tom@example.com | | enabled | True | | id | 196d426492be403b8fbaa4b0c0f8e2a9 | | name | tom | | options | { } | | password_expires_at | None | +---------------------+----------------------------------+
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6.搭建镜像服务组件
在 controller 节点执行 iaas-install-glance.sh 脚本，会自行安装 glance 服务和完成相关
配 置 。 完 成 后 使 用 openstack 命 令 , 创 建 一 个 名 为 cirros 的 镜 像 ， 镜 像 文 件 使 用
cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img。
请将 openstack image show cirros 命令的返回结果提交到答题框。【1 分】
[root@controller ~]# openstack image show cirros +------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | checksum | 443b7623e27ecf03dc9e01ee93f67afe | | container_format | bare | | created_at | 2023-03-13T13:29:50Z | | disk_format | qcow2 | | file | /v2/images/4219d1cb-5238-4720-a7be-167f9b158a9b/file | | id | 4219d1cb-5238-4720-a7be-167f9b158a9b | | min_disk | 0 | | min_ram | 0 | | name | cirros | | owner | 1a99aaa6a1024d84a00a779c4d186b44 | | protected | False | | schema | /v2/schemas/image | | size | 12716032 | | status | active | | tags | | | updated_at | 2023-03-13T13:29:50Z | | virtual_size | None |
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