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eCos学习笔记之启动代码分析_go to romstart. copy data from rom to ram.

go to romstart. copy data from rom to ram.
eCos学习笔记之启动代码分析
2006-07-13 10:03
前几天看了一下eCos的启动代码部分,做了一些笔记,发布在这里,给space增加点人气
由于我用的目标板是MIPS的,所以只分析了For MIPS的启动代码。

启动代码分析(for MIPS):
packages/hal/mips/arch/v2_0/src/vector.S
FUNC_START(reset_vector) //reset向量,地址为0xbfc00000,内核由此地址启动

#ifndef CYG_HAL_STARTUP_RAM
#  if defined(CYGPKG_HAL_RESET_VECTOR_FIRST_CODE)
    hal_reset_vector_first_code
#  endif
#  if defined(CYGPKG_HAL_EARLY_INIT)
    hal_early_init
#  endif
    # Decide whether this is an NMI, cold or warm boot.

    mfc0    k0,status        # get status reg //处理NMI位,MIPS R3000中不涉及NMI操作
    lui    k1,0x0008        # isolate NMI bit
    and    k1,k1,k0       
    beqz    k1,1f            # skip if zero
    nop

    lar    k1,__nmi_entry        # jump to ROM nmi code
    jalr    k1
    nop
1:
    lui    k1,0x0010        # isolate soft reset bit
    and    k1,k1,k0       
    beqz    k1,2f            # skip if zero
    nop

    lar    k1,__warm_start        # jump to ROM warm_start code //__warm_start代码用于调试,可选
    jr    k1
    nop
2:
    la    k0,INITIAL_CONFIG0    # Set up config0 register //初始化config0寄存器,MIPS R3000没有这个寄存器
    mtc0     k0,config0        # to disable cache //禁用cache
#endif   
    lar    v0,_start        # jump to start //加载_start标号地址(此处的lar指令MIPS R3000不支持)
#ifdef CYGARC_START_FUNC_UNCACHED
    CYGARC_ADDRESS_REG_UNCACHED(v0)
#endif

    jr    v0 //跳转到_start处
    nop                # (delay slot)

FUNC_END(reset_vector)

FUNC_START(_start) //_start函数,做大部分初始化工作,具体代码在_start之后分析

    # Initialize hardware
    hal_cpu_init //packages/hal/mips/arch/v2_0/include/arch.inc 初始化watchdog寄存器,cause寄存器清零初始化status寄存器初始化config0寄存器(MIPS R3000没有config0寄存器)
    hal_diag_init //诊断支持初始化,如果未定义CYGPKG_HAL_MIPS_DIAG_DEFINED,则在packages/hal/mips/arch/v2_0/include/arch.inc中定义一个空宏,如果定义了则实现依赖于特定平台,如packages/hal/mips/tx39/v2_0/src/hal_duag.c
    hal_mmu_init //初始化mmu,如果未定义CYGPKG_HAL_MIPS_MMU_DEFINED,则表示该variant不支持mmu,则在packages/hal/mips/arch/v2_0/include/arch.inc中定义一个空宏,如果定义了则实现依赖于特定平台,如packages/hal/mips/vrc437x/v2_0/include/platform.inc
    hal_fpu_init //packages/hal/mips/arch/v2_0/include/arch.inc,初始化fpu
    hal_memc_init //初始化memory控制器,如果未定义CYGPKG_HAL_MIPS_MEMC_DEFINED,则表示该platform没有memory控制器,则在packages/hal/mips/arch/v2_0/include/arch.inc中定义一个空宏,如果定义了则实现依赖于特定平台,如packages/hal/mips/tx39/v2_0/include/variant.inc,该宏也可能在platform.inc中实现
    hal_intc_init //初始化中断控制器,如果未定义CYGPKG_HAL_MIPS_INTC_INIT_DEFINED,则表示该platform没有中断控制器,则在packages/hal/mips/arch/v2_0/include/arch.inc中定义该宏,在status寄存器中禁用所有中断,如果定义了则实现依赖于特定平台,如packages/hal/mips/tx39/v2_0/include/variant.inc,该宏也可能在platform.inc中实现
    hal_cache_init //初始化cache,如果未定义CYGPKG_HAL_MIPS_CACHE_DEFINED,则表示该variant的cache是标准cache,则在packages/hal/mips/arch/v2_0/include/arch.inc中定义该宏,使用config寄存器初始化cache,如果定义了则实现依赖于特定variant,如packages/hal/mips/tx49/v2_0/include/variant.inc
    hal_timer_init //初始化timer,如果未定义CYGPKG_HAL_MIPS_TIMER_DEFINED,则表示该platform没有timer,则在packages/hal/mips/arch/v2_0/include/arch.inc中定义一个空宏,如果定义了则实现依赖于特定platform
           
#ifdef CYGARC_START_FUNC_UNCACHED
    # switch to cached execution address if necessary
    # assumption is that hal_cache_init makes this safe
    lar    v0,1f
    jr    v0
    nop
   1:
#endif
   
    # Load Global Pointer register.
    la    gp,_gp //加载gp寄存器

    # load initial stack pointer //设置stack指针,给c代码使用,通常interrupt stack用于此目的
    la    a0,__interrupt_stack //定义于vector.S,定义如下:
  .balign 16
    .global cyg_interrupt_stack
cyg_interrupt_stack:
__interrupt_stack:
.long    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
    move    sp,a0 //加载stack指针

    hal_mon_init //初始化monitor,用于安装中断向量,如果未定义CYGPKG_HAL_MIPS_MON_DEFINED,则表示该platform未实现monitor,则在packages/hal/mips/arch/v2_0/include/arch.inc中定义一个空宏,如果定义了则实现依赖于特定platform,如packages/hal/mips/rm7000/v2_0/include/platform.inc,一般会调用hal_vectors_init()
#ifdef CYG_HAL_STARTUP_ROM //如果eCos从ROM启动,则拷贝data段到RAM中
    # Copy data from ROM to RAM

    .extern    hal_copy_data
    jal    hal_copy_data //packages/hal/mips/arch/v2_0/src/hal_misc.c
    nop

#endif

    # Zero BSS //bss段清零

    .extern hal_zero_bss
    jal    hal_zero_bss //packages/hal/mips/arch/v2_0/src/vectors.S
    nop

    # Call variant and platform HAL
    # initialization routines.

    .extern    hal_variant_init
    jal    hal_variant_init //variant初始化,packages/hal/mips/tx39/v2_0/src/var_misc.c,大部分为空函数,也可在此处进一步初始化中断控制器,PCI桥,IO设备,启用cache等
    nop

    .extern    hal_platform_init
    jal    hal_platform_init //platform初始化,packages/hal/mips/vrc437x/v2_0/src/plf_misc.c,可以不实现,也可在此处进一步初始化中断控制器,PCI桥,IO设备,启用cache等
    nop

    # Call constructors
    .extern cyg_hal_invoke_constructors
    jal     cyg_hal_invoke_constructors //建立构造函数表,运行静态构造函数(packages/hal/mips/arch/v2_0/src/hal_misc.c)
    nop

#if defined(CYGDBG_HAL_DEBUG_GDB_INCLUDE_STUBS) //如果实现了GDB stub,则初始化
        .extern initialize_stub
        jal     initialize_stub //初始化GDB stub,packages/hal/common/v2_0/src/generic-stub.c
        nop
#endif
#if defined(CYGDBG_HAL_MIPS_DEBUG_GDB_CTRLC_SUPPORT) //如果GDB需要ctrl-c支持,则初始化
        .extern hal_ctrlc_isr_init
        jal     hal_ctrlc_isr_init //初始化GDB ctrl-c支持,实现依赖于platform,如packages/hal/mips/vrc437x/v2_0/src/plf_misc.c
        nop
#endif
    # Call cyg_start   
    .extern    cyg_start
    j    cyg_start //调用cyg_start()进入主循环,kernel开始运行,永不返回,cyg_start()由应用程序自己实现,可在此处调用_bsp_init()初始化设备驱动,一般实现如下:
                void
                cyg_start(void)
                {
                     cyg_thread_create(10,                   // Priority - just a number
                          (cyg_thread_entry_t*)console_test,         // entry
                          0,                    //
                          "console_thread",     // Name
                          &stack[0],            // Stack
                          STACK_SIZE,           // Size
                          &thread_handle,       // Handle
                          &thread_data          // Thread data structure
                     );
                     cyg_thread_resume(thread_handle);
                     cyg_scheduler_start();
                }
    lui     ra,0
   
FUNC_END(_start    )
 
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