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Checkpoint的触发方式有两种
- 一种是数据源节点中的Checkpoint操作触发,通过CheckpointCoordinator组件进行协调和控制。 CheckpointCoordinator通过注册定时器的方式按照
配置的时间间隔触发数据源节点的Checkpoint操作
。数据源节点会向下游算子发出Checkpoint Barrier事件,供下游节点使用。- 另一种是下游算子节点
根据上游发送的Checkpoint Barrier事件控制算子中Checkpoint操作的触发时机
,即只有接收到所有上游Barrier事件后,才会触发本节点的Checkpoint操作。
本文先介绍通过CheckpointCoordinator触发算子的Checkpoint操作
CheckpointCoordinator在整个作业中扮演了Checkpoint协调者
的角色,负责在数据源节点触发Checkpoint以及整个作业的Checkpoint管理,并且CheckpointCoordinator组件会接收TaskMananger在Checkpoint执行完成后返回的Ack消息。
当作业的JobStatus转换为Running时,通知CheckpointCoordinatorDeActivator监听器启动CheckpointCoordinator服务。
如代码CheckpointCoordinatorDeActivator.jobStatusChanges()方法主要包含如下逻辑。
> 1. 当`newJobStatus == JobStatus.RUNNING`时,立即调用 > coordinator.startCheckpointScheduler()方法启动整个Job的调度器 > CheckpointCoordinator,此时Checkpoint的触发依靠CheckpointCoordinator进行协调。 > > 2. 当JobStatus为其他类型状态时,调用coordinator.stopCheckpointScheduler()方法, > 停止当前Job中的Checkpoint操作。 public class CheckpointCoordinatorDeActivator implements JobStatusListener { private final CheckpointCoordinator coordinator; public CheckpointCoordinatorDeActivator(CheckpointCoordinator coordinator) { this.coordinator = checkNotNull(coordinator); } @Override public void jobStatusChanges(JobID jobId,JobStatus newJobStatus, long timestamp, Throwable error) { if (newJobStatus == JobStatus.RUNNING) { // 启动Checkpoint调度程序 coordinator.startCheckpointScheduler(); } else { // 直接停止CheckpointScheduler coordinator.stopCheckpointScheduler(); } } }
接下来在CheckpointCoordinator.startCheckpointScheduler()方法中调用scheduleTriggerWithDelay()方法进行后续操作,向创建好的checkpointCoordinatorTimer线程池添加定时调度执行的Runnable线程。
如代码所示:
在CheckpointCoordinator.scheduleTriggerWithDelay()方法中指定baseInterval参数,设定执行Checkpoint操作的时间间隔,通过定时器周期性地触发ScheduledTrigger线程,Checkpoint的具体操作在ScheduledTrigger线程中实现。
private ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleTriggerWithDelay(long initDelay) {
return timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(
new ScheduledTrigger(),
initDelay, baseInterval, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
如代码,ScheduledTrigger也是CheckpointCoordinator的内部类,实现了Runnable接口。在ScheduledTrigger.run()方法中调用了CheckpointCoordinator.triggerCheckpoint()方法触发和执行Checkpoint操作。
private final class ScheduledTrigger implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// 调用triggerCheckpoint()方法触发Checkpoint操作
triggerCheckpoint(System.currentTimeMillis(), true);
}
catch (Exception e) {
LOG.error("Exception while triggering checkpoint for job {}.", job, e);
}
}
}
CheckpointCoordinator.triggerCheckpoint()方法包含的执行逻辑非常多,这里重点介绍其中的主要逻辑。根据CheckpointCoordinator触发Checkpoint操作的过程分为以下几个部分。
- 首先检查Checkpoint的执行环境和参数,满足条件后触发执行Checkpoint操作。Checkpoint执行过程分为异步和同步两种:
调用preCheckBeforeTriggeringCheckpoint()方法进行一些前置检查,主要包括检查CheckpointCoordinator当前的状态是否为shutdown、Checkpoint尝试次数是否超过配置的最大值。
- 构建执行和触发Checkpoint操作对应的Task节点实例的Execution集合,其中tasksToTrigger数组中存储了触发Checkpoint操作的ExecutionVertex元素,实际上就是所有的数据源节点。
CheckpointCoordinator仅会触发数据源节点的Checkpoint操作,其他节点则是通过Barrier对齐的方式触发的。
- 构建需要发送Ack消息的ExecutionVertex集合,主要是从tasksToWaitFor集合中转换而来。
tasksToWaitFor中存储了ExecutonGraph中所有的ExecutionVertex,也就是说
每个ExecutionVertex节点对应的Task实例都需要向CheckpointCoordinator中汇报Ack消息
。
// 主要做前置检查 synchronized (lock) { preCheckBeforeTriggeringCheckpoint(isPeriodic, props.forceCheckpoint()); } // 创建需要执行的Task对应的Execution集合 Execution[] executions = new Execution[tasksToTrigger.length]; // 遍历tasksToTrigger集合,构建Execution集合 for (int i = 0; i < tasksToTrigger.length; i++) { //获取Task对应的Execution集合 Execution ee = tasksToTrigger[i].getCurrentExecutionAttempt(); if (ee == null) { // 如果Task对应的Execution集合为空,代表Task没有被执行,则抛出异常 LOG.info("Checkpoint triggering task {} of job {} is not being executed at the moment. Aborting checkpoint.", tasksToTrigger[i]. getTaskNameWithSubtaskIndex(), job); throw new CheckpointException( CheckpointFailureReason.NOT_ALL_REQUIRED_TASKS_RUNNING); } else if (ee.getState() == ExecutionState.RUNNING) { // 如果ExecutionState为RUNNING,则添加到executions集合中 executions[i] = ee; } else { // 如果其他ExecutionState不为RUNNING,则抛出异常 LOG.info("Checkpoint triggering task {} of job {} is not in state {} but {} instead. Aborting checkpoint.", tasksToTrigger[i].getTaskNameWithSubtaskIndex(), job, ExecutionState.RUNNING, ee.getState()); throw new CheckpointException( CheckpointFailureReason.NOT_ALL_REQUIRED_TASKS_RUNNING); } } // 组装用于需要发送Ack消息的Task集合 Map<ExecutionAttemptID, ExecutionVertex> ackTasks = new HashMap<>(tasksToWaitFor.length); for (ExecutionVertex ev : tasksToWaitFor) { Execution ee = ev.getCurrentExecutionAttempt(); if (ee != null) { ackTasks.put(ee.getAttemptId(), ev); } else { LOG.info("Checkpoint acknowledging task {} of job {} is not being executed at the moment. Aborting checkpoint.", ev.getTaskNameWith SubtaskIndex(), job); throw new CheckpointException( CheckpointFailureReason.NOT_ALL_REQUIRED_TASKS_RUNNING); } }
在执行Checkpoint操作之前,需要构建PendingCheckpoint对象,从字面意思上讲就是挂起Checkpoint操作。
从开始执行Checkpoint操作直到Task实例返回Ack确认成功消息,Checkpoint会一直处于Pending状态,确保Checkpoint能被成功执行。
如代码逻辑:
- Checkpoint有唯一的checkpointID标记,根据高可用模式选择不同的计数器。
如果基于ZooKeeper实现了高可用集群,会调用ZooKeeperCheckpointIDCounter实现checkpointID计数;如果是非高可用集群,则会通过StandaloneCheckpointIDCounter完成checkpointID计数。
- 创建checkpointStorageLocation,用于定义Checkpoint过程中状态快照数据存放的位置。
checkpointStorageLocation通过checkpointStorage创建和初始化,不同的checkpointStorage实现创建的checkpointStorageLocation会有所不同。
- 创建PendingCheckpoint对象。
包括checkpointID、ackTasks以及checkpointStorageLocation等参数信息。将创建好的PendingCheckpoint存储在pendingCheckpoints集合中,并异步执行PendingCheckpoint操作。
final CheckpointStorageLocation checkpointStorageLocation; final long checkpointID; try { //通过checkpointIdCounter获取checkpointID checkpointID = checkpointIdCounter.getAndIncrement(); // 获取checkpointStorageLocation checkpointStorageLocation = props.isSavepoint() ? checkpointStorage .initializeLocationForSavepoint(checkpointID, externalSavepointLocation) : checkpointStorage.initializeLocationForCheckpoint(checkpointID); } // 省略部分代码 // 创建PendingCheckpoint对象 final PendingCheckpoint checkpoint = new PendingCheckpoint( job, checkpointID, timestamp, ackTasks, masterHooks.keySet(), props, checkpointStorageLocation, executor);
在CheckpointCoordinator.triggerCheckpoint()方法中,会在synchronized(lock)模块内定义和执行Checkpoint操作的具体逻辑,主要包含如下步骤。
获取coordinator对象锁,对TriggeringCheckpoint对象进行预检查,主要包括检查CheckpointCoordinator状态和PendingCheckpoint尝试次数等。
将PendingCheckpoint存储在pendingCheckpoints键值对中,使用定时器创建cancellerHandle对象,cancellerHandle用于清理过期的Checkpoint操作。
通过checkpoint.setCancellerHandle()方法设置Checkpoint的CancellerHandle,设置成功则返回True,如果失败则返回false,说明当前Checkpoint已经被释放。
调用并执行MasterHook。可以通过实现MasterHook函数,准备外部系统环境或触发相应的系统操作。
遍历执行executions集合中的Execution节点,判断props.isSynchronous()方法是否为True,如果为True则调用triggerSynchronousSavepoint()方法同步执行Checkpoint操作。
其他情况则调用triggerCheckpoint()方法异步执行Checkpoint操作。
// 获取coordinator-wide lock synchronized (lock) { // TriggeringCheckpoint检查 preCheckBeforeTriggeringCheckpoint(isPeriodic, props.forceCheckpoint()); LOG.info("Triggering checkpoint {} @ {} for job {}.", checkpointID, timestamp, job); // 将checkpoint存储在pendingCheckpoints KV集合中 pendingCheckpoints.put(checkpointID, checkpoint); // 调度canceller线程,清理过期的Checkpoint对象 ScheduledFuture<?> cancellerHandle = timer.schedule( canceller, checkpointTimeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); // 确定Checkpoint是否已经被释放 if (!checkpoint.setCancellerHandle(cancellerHandle)) { cancellerHandle.cancel(false); } // 调用MasterHook方法 for (MasterTriggerRestoreHook<?> masterHook : masterHooks.values()) { final MasterState masterState = MasterHooks.triggerHook(masterHook, checkpointID, timestamp, executor) .get(checkpointTimeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); checkpoint.acknowledgeMasterState(masterHook.getIdentifier(), masterState); } Preconditions.checkState(checkpoint.areMasterStatesFullyAcknowledged()); } // 创建CheckpointOptions final CheckpointOptions checkpointOptions = new CheckpointOptions( props.getCheckpointType(), checkpointStorageLocation.getLocationReference()); // 分别执行executions中的Execution节点 for (Execution execution: executions) { if (props.isSynchronous()) { // 如果是同步执行,则调用triggerSynchronousSavepoint()方法 execution.triggerSynchronousSavepoint(checkpointID, timestamp, checkpointOptions, advanceToEndOfTime); } else { // 其他情况则调用triggerCheckpoint()异步方法执行 execution.triggerCheckpoint(checkpointID, timestamp, checkpointOptions); } } // 返回Checkpoint中的CompletionFuture对象 numUnsuccessfulCheckpointsTriggers.set(0); return checkpoint.getCompletionFuture();
以上就完成了在CheckpointCoordinator中触发Checkpoint的全部操作,具体的执行过程调用Execution完成。
在Execution.triggerCheckpoint()方法中实际上调用triggerCheckpointHelper()方法完成Execution对应的Task节点的Checkpoint操作,并通过Task实例触发数据源节点的Checkpoint操作,如代码所示。
获取当前Execution分配的LogicalSlot,如果LogicalSlot不为空,说明Execution成功分配到Slot计算资源,否则说明Execution中没有资源,Execution对应的Task实例不会被执行和启动。
调用TaskManagerGateway.triggerCheckpoint()的RPC方法,触发和执行指定Task的Checkpoint操作。
TaskExecutor收到来自CheckpointCoordinator的Checkpoint触发请求后,会在TaskExecutor实例中完成对应Task实例的Checkpoint操作。
private void triggerCheckpointHelper(long checkpointId, long timestamp, CheckpointOptions checkpointOptions, boolean advanceToEndOfEventTime) { final CheckpointType checkpointType = checkpointOptions.getCheckpointType(); if (advanceToEndOfEventTime && !(checkpointType.isSynchronous() && checkpointType.isSavepoint())) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only synchronous savepoints are allowed to advance the watermark to MAX."); } // 获取当前Execution分配的LogicalSlot资源 final LogicalSlot slot = assignedResource; // 如果LogicalSlot不为空,说明Execution运行正常 if (slot != null) { // 通过slot获取TaskManagerGateway对象 final TaskManagerGateway taskManagerGateway = slot.getTaskManagerGateway(); // 调用triggerCheckpoint()方法 taskManagerGateway.triggerCheckpoint(attemptId, getVertex().getJobId(), checkpointId, timestamp, checkpointOptions, advanceToEndOfEventTime); } else { // 否则说明Execution中没有资源,不再执行Execution对应的Task实例 LOG.debug("The execution has no slot assigned. This indicates that the execution is no longer running."); } }
TaskExecutor接收到来自CheckpointCoordinator的Checkpoint触发请求后,立即根据Execution信息确认Task实例线程,并且调用Task实例触发和执行数据源节点的Checkpoint操作。如代码,TaskExecutor.triggerCheckpoint()方法逻辑如下。
检查CheckpointType的类型,CheckpointType共有三种类型,分别为CHECKPOINT、SAVEPOINT和SYNC_SAVEPOINT,且只有在同步Savepoints操作时才能调整Watermark为MAX。
从taskSlotTable中获取Execution对应的Task实例,如果Task实例不为空,则调用task.triggerCheckpointBarrier()方法执行Task实例中的Checkpoint操作。
如果Task实例为空,说明Task目前处于异常,无法执行Checkpoint操作。此时调用FutureUtils.completedExceptionally()方法,并封装CheckpointException异常信息,返回给管理节点的CheckpointCoordinator进行处理。
public CompletableFuture<Acknowledge> triggerCheckpoint( ExecutionAttemptID executionAttemptID, long checkpointId, long checkpointTimestamp, CheckpointOptions checkpointOptions, boolean advanceToEndOfEventTime) { log.debug("Trigger checkpoint {}@{} for {}.", checkpointId, checkpointTimestamp, executionAttemptID); //检查CheckpointType,确保只有同步的savepoint操作才能将Watermark调整为MAX final CheckpointType checkpointType = checkpointOptions.getCheckpointType(); if (advanceToEndOfEventTime && !(checkpointType.isSynchronous() && checkpointType.isSavepoint())) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only synchronous savepoints are allowed to advance the watermark to MAX."); } // 从taskSlotTable中获取当前Execution对应的Task final Task task = taskSlotTable.getTask(executionAttemptID); // 如果task不为空,则调用triggerCheckpointBarrier()方法 if (task != null) { task.triggerCheckpointBarrier(checkpointId, checkpointTimestamp, checkpointOptions, advanceToEndOfEventTime); // 返回CompletableFuture对象 return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(Acknowledge.get()); } else { final String message = "TaskManager received a checkpoint request for unknown task " + executionAttemptID + '.'; // 如果task为空,则返回CheckpointException异常 log.debug(message); return FutureUtils.completedExceptionally( new CheckpointException(message, CheckpointFailureReason.TASK_CHECKPOINT_FAILURE)); } }
在执行Task.triggerCheckpointBarrier()方法时,会借助AbstractInvokable中提供的triggerCheckpointAsync()方法触发并执行StreamTask中的Checkpoint操作。
public Future<Boolean> triggerCheckpointAsync(
CheckpointMetaData checkpointMetaData,
CheckpointOptions checkpointOptions,
boolean advanceToEndOfEventTime) {
// 异步提交Checkpoint操作
return mailboxProcessor.getMainMailboxExecutor().submit(
() -> triggerCheckpoint(checkpointMetaData,
checkpointOptions, advanceToEndOfEventTime),
"checkpoint %s with %s",
checkpointMetaData,
checkpointOptions);
}
StreamTask.triggerCheckpoint()方法主要逻辑如下。
- 调用StreamTask.performCheckpoint()方法执行Checkpoint并返回success信息,用于判断Checkpoint操作是否成功执行。
- 如果success信息为False,表明Checkpoint操作没有成功执行,此时调用declineCheckpoint()方法回退。
boolean success = performCheckpoint(checkpointMetaData, checkpointOptions,
checkpointMetrics, advanceToEndOfEventTime);
if (!success) {
declineCheckpoint(checkpointMetaData.getCheckpointId());
}
return success;
在StreamTask.performCheckpoint()方法中,主要执行了Task实例的Checkpoint操作,该方法除了会通过CheckpointCoordinator触发之外,在下游算子通过CheckpointBarrier对齐触发Checkpoint操作时,也会调用该方法执行具体Task的Checkpoint操作。
下篇我们继续看CheckpointBarrier对齐触发Checkpoint的流程,了解StreamTask中performCheckpoint()方法如何执行Checkpoint操作,实现状态数据快照与持久化操作。
参考:《Flink设计与实现:核心原理与源码解析》–张利兵
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