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Netty是业界最流行的nio框架之一,它具有功能强大、性能优异、可定制性和可扩展性的优点
Netty的优点:
1.API使用简单,开发入门门槛低。
2.功能十分强大,预置多种编码解码功能,支持多种主流协议。
3.可定制、可扩展能力强,可以通过其提供的ChannelHandler进行灵活的扩展。
4.性能优异,特别在综合性能上的优异性。
5.成熟,稳定,适用范围广。
6.可用于智能GSM/GPRS模块的通讯服务端开发,使用它进行MQTT协议的开发。
- <properties>
- <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
- <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
- <java.version>1.8</java.version>
- </properties>
-
- <parent>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
- <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
- <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
- </parent>
-
- <dependencies>
-
- <!--web模块的启动器 -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
- </dependency>
- <!-- netty依赖 springboot2.x自动导入版本 -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
- <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
- </dependency>
-
- </dependencies>
- package boot.netty.base.server;
-
- import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- //import org.springframework.boot.WebApplicationType;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
- import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
- import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
-
- @SpringBootApplication
- @EnableAsync
- public class BootNettyApplication implements CommandLineRunner{
- public static void main( String[] args )
- {
- /**
- * 启动springboot
- */
- SpringApplication app = new SpringApplication(BootNettyApplication.class);
- //app.setWebApplicationType(WebApplicationType.NONE);//不启动web服务
- app.run(args);
-
- System.out.println( "Hello World!" );
- }
-
- @Async
- @Override
- public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
- /**
- * 使用异步注解方式启动netty服务端服务
- */
- new BootNettyServer().bind(8888);
-
- }
- }
- package boot.netty.base.server;
-
-
- import boot.netty.base.server.channel.BootNettyChannelInitializer;
- import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
- import io.netty.channel.AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
- import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
- import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
- import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
- import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
-
- /**
- * netty的server
- *
- */
- public class BootNettyServer {
-
- public void bind(int port) throws Exception {
-
- /**
- * 配置服务端的NIO线程组
- * NioEventLoopGroup 是用来处理I/O操作的Reactor线程组
- * bossGroup:用来接收进来的连接,workerGroup:用来处理已经被接收的连接,进行socketChannel的网络读写,
- * bossGroup接收到连接后就会把连接信息注册到workerGroup
- * workerGroup的EventLoopGroup默认的线程数是CPU核数的二倍
- */
- EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
- EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
-
- try {
- /**
- * ServerBootstrap 是一个启动NIO服务的辅助启动类
- */
- ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
- /**
- * 设置group,将bossGroup, workerGroup线程组传递到ServerBootstrap
- */
- serverBootstrap = serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup);
- /**
- * ServerSocketChannel是以NIO的selector为基础进行实现的,用来接收新的连接,这里告诉Channel通过NioServerSocketChannel获取新的连接
- */
- serverBootstrap = serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
- /**
- * option是设置 bossGroup,childOption是设置workerGroup
- * netty 默认数据包传输大小为1024字节, 设置它可以自动调整下一次缓冲区建立时分配的空间大小,避免内存的浪费 最小 初始化 最大 (根据生产环境实际情况来定)
- * 使用对象池,重用缓冲区
- */
- serverBootstrap = serverBootstrap.option(ChannelOption.RCVBUF_ALLOCATOR, new AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator(64, 10496, 1048576));
- serverBootstrap = serverBootstrap.childOption(ChannelOption.RCVBUF_ALLOCATOR, new AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator(64, 10496, 1048576));
- /**
- * 设置 I/O处理类,主要用于网络I/O事件,记录日志,编码、解码消息
- */
- serverBootstrap = serverBootstrap.childHandler(new BootNettyChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>());
-
- System.out.println("netty server start success!");
- /**
- * 绑定端口,同步等待成功
- */
- ChannelFuture f = serverBootstrap.bind(port).sync();
- /**
- * 等待服务器监听端口关闭
- */
- f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
-
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-
- } finally {
- /**
- * 退出,释放线程池资源
- */
- bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- }
-
- }
- }
- package boot.netty.base.server.channel;
-
-
- import boot.netty.base.server.adapter.BootNettyChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
- import io.netty.channel.Channel;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
- import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
-
- /**
- * 通道初始化
- */
- public class BootNettyChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> extends ChannelInitializer<Channel> {
-
- @Override
- protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
-
- // ChannelOutboundHandler,依照逆序执行
- ch.pipeline().addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
-
- // 属于ChannelInboundHandler,依照顺序执行
- ch.pipeline().addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
- /**
- * 自定义ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter
- */
- ch.pipeline().addLast(new BootNettyChannelInboundHandlerAdapter());
-
- }
-
- }
- package boot.netty.base.server.adapter;
-
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
-
- /**
- * I/O数据读写处理类
- *
- */
- public class BootNettyChannelInboundHandlerAdapter extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter{
-
- /**
- * 从客户端收到新的数据时,这个方法会在收到消息时被调用
- *
- * @param ctx
- * @param msg
- */
- @Override
- public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception, IOException
- {
- System.out.println("channelRead:read msg:"+msg.toString());
- //回应客户端
- ctx.write("I got it");
- }
-
- /**
- * 从客户端收到新的数据、读取完成时调用
- *
- * @param ctx
- */
- @Override
- public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws IOException
- {
- System.out.println("channelReadComplete");
- ctx.flush();
- }
-
- /**
- * 当出现 Throwable 对象才会被调用,即当 Netty 由于 IO 错误或者处理器在处理事件时抛出的异常时
- *
- * @param ctx
- * @param cause
- */
- @Override
- public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws IOException
- {
- System.out.println("exceptionCaught");
- cause.printStackTrace();
- ctx.close();//抛出异常,断开与客户端的连接
- }
-
- /**
- * 客户端与服务端第一次建立连接时 执行
- *
- * @param ctx
- * @throws Exception
- */
- @Override
- public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception, IOException
- {
- super.channelActive(ctx);
- ctx.channel().read();
- InetSocketAddress insocket = (InetSocketAddress) ctx.channel().remoteAddress();
- String clientIp = insocket.getAddress().getHostAddress();
- //此处不能使用ctx.close(),否则客户端始终无法与服务端建立连接
- System.out.println("channelActive:"+clientIp+ctx.name());
- }
-
- /**
- * 客户端与服务端 断连时 执行
- *
- * @param ctx
- * @throws Exception
- */
- @Override
- public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception, IOException
- {
- super.channelInactive(ctx);
- InetSocketAddress insocket = (InetSocketAddress) ctx.channel().remoteAddress();
- String clientIp = insocket.getAddress().getHostAddress();
- ctx.close(); //断开连接时,必须关闭,否则造成资源浪费,并发量很大情况下可能造成宕机
- System.out.println("channelInactive:"+clientIp);
- }
-
- /**
- * 服务端当read超时, 会调用这个方法
- *
- * @param ctx
- * @param evt
- * @throws Exception
- */
- @Override
- public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception, IOException
- {
- super.userEventTriggered(ctx, evt);
- InetSocketAddress insocket = (InetSocketAddress) ctx.channel().remoteAddress();
- String clientIp = insocket.getAddress().getHostAddress();
- ctx.close();//超时时断开连接
- System.out.println("userEventTriggered:"+clientIp);
- }
-
- @Override
- public void channelRegistered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception{
- System.out.println("channelRegistered");
- }
-
- @Override
- public void channelUnregistered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception{
- System.out.println("channelUnregistered");
- }
-
- @Override
- public void channelWritabilityChanged(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception{
- System.out.println("channelWritabilityChanged");
- }
-
- }
仅仅四个类就将Springboot和Netty结合,启动Springboot应用的同时也就启动了Netty,端口:8888
可以使用TCP客户端工具:
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