Centos7通过pip安装matplotlib出现_posixsubprocess.c:16:20: 致命错误：Python.h：没有那个文件或目录_centos matplotlib 离线安装 python.h:没有那个文件或目录

1、在通过python2 -m pip install matplotlib=2.2.4时出现以下错误：

DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting matplotlib==2.1.0
  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/89/b2/41ae0d5922a8018c1f506ef9b9363fca60326c8b24241b13ecaf80fede47/matplotlib-2.1.0-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (14.9MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 14.9MB 10.6MB/s 
Collecting subprocess32
  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/32/c8/564be4d12629b912ea431f1a50eb8b3b9d00f1a0b1ceff17f266be190007/subprocess32-3.5.4.tar.gz (97kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 102kB 14.0MB/s 
Collecting cycler>=0.10
  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/f7/d2/e07d3ebb2bd7af696440ce7e754c59dd546ffe1bbe732c8ab68b9c834e61/cycler-0.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.10 in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from matplotlib==2.1.0) (1.12.0)
Collecting backports.functools-lru-cache
  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/03/8e/2424c0e65c4a066e28f539364deee49b6451f8fcd4f718fefa50cc3dcf48/backports.functools_lru_cache-1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: pytz in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from matplotlib==2.1.0) (2016.10)
Collecting pyparsing!=2.0.4,!=2.1.2,!=2.1.6,>=2.0.1
  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/11/fa/0160cd525c62d7abd076a070ff02b2b94de589f1a9789774f17d7c54058e/pyparsing-2.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (65kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 11.7MB/s 
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.7.1 in /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages (from matplotlib==2.1.0) (1.16.5)
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.0 in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from matplotlib==2.1.0) (2.8.0)
Installing collected packages: subprocess32, cycler, backports.functools-lru-cache, pyparsing, matplotlib
    Running setup.py install for subprocess32 ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /usr/bin/python2 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-ueq7J2/subprocess32/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-ueq7J2/subprocess32/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-sOTfk8/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-ueq7J2/subprocess32/
    Complete output (62 lines):
    /usr/lib64/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'python_requires'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
    copying subprocess32.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
    running build_ext
    running build_configure
    checking for gcc... gcc
    checking whether the C compiler works... yes
    checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
    checking for suffix of executables...
    checking whether we are cross compiling... no
    checking for suffix of object files... o
    checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
    checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
    checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
    checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
    checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
    checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
    checking for ANSI C header files... yes
    checking for sys/types.h... yes
    checking for sys/stat.h... yes
    checking for stdlib.h... yes
    checking for string.h... yes
    checking for memory.h... yes
    checking for strings.h... yes
    checking for inttypes.h... yes
    checking for stdint.h... yes
    checking for unistd.h... yes
    checking for unistd.h... (cached) yes
    checking fcntl.h usability... yes
    checking fcntl.h presence... yes
    checking for fcntl.h... yes
    checking signal.h usability... yes
    checking signal.h presence... yes
    checking for signal.h... yes
    checking sys/cdefs.h usability... yes
    checking sys/cdefs.h presence... yes
    checking for sys/cdefs.h... yes
    checking for sys/types.h... (cached) yes
    checking for sys/stat.h... (cached) yes
    checking sys/syscall.h usability... yes
    checking sys/syscall.h presence... yes
    checking for sys/syscall.h... yes
    checking for dirent.h that defines DIR... yes
    checking for library containing opendir... none required
    checking for pipe2... yes
    checking for setsid... yes
    checking whether dirfd is declared... yes
    configure: creating ./config.status
    config.status: creating _posixsubprocess_config.h
    building '_posixsubprocess32' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c _posixsubprocess.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_posixsubprocess.o
    _posixsubprocess.c:16:20: 致命错误：Python.h：没有那个文件或目录
     #include "Python.h"
                        ^
    编译中断。
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/bin/python2 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-ueq7J2/subprocess32/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-ueq7J2/subprocess32/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-sOTfk8/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile Check the logs for full command output.

如下图所示：

2、出现这个错误需要安装python-devel库，通过：yum install python-devel安装，如下图所示：

3、再次执行：python2 -m pip install matplotlib==2.1.0，如下图所示：

ERROR: Cannot uninstall 'pyparsing'. It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.
4、那么需要安装pyparsing包，使用：python2 -m pip install --ignore-installed pyparsing，安装，如下图所示：

5、再次执行python2 -m pip install matplotlib==2.1.0即可成功，如下图所示：