python2.x和python3.x-matplotlib中文显示为方块-中文不显示-故障原理研究与解决_wxpython程序运行显示的图标是黑色方块

matplot的字体问题，有以下3种方式
一种是从pylab中进行全局管理，可以管理任意实验相关的字体，可以是和matplot无关的实验的字体问题的管理
一种是matplot的配置文件，进行全局管理
一种是.py文件中临时加入配置语句

网上具体的解决方案很多，但是我们会发现拿来用的时候，有时候见效，有时候又不见效，到底咋回事？
注意一点，linux系统支持的中文字体≠matplotlib支持的中文字体。
所以在linux系统中安装好新字体以后，要删除缓存文件：
rm -r ~/.cache/matplotlib

这样再次运行绘图代码时，matplotlib才会重新生成缓存文件，并且更新matplotlib中支持的中文字体，使其与linux系统中支持的中文字体保持一致。
那么“matplotlib支持的字体”怎么知道是哪些呢？见下面代码即可

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
from matplotlib.font_manager import fontManager
import os
print"os.path=",os.path

print"-------------------下面看下matplotlib当前支持哪些中文字体--------------"
fonts = [font.name for font in fontManager.ttflist if 
         os.path.exists(font.fname) and os.stat(font.fname).st_size>1e6] 


for font in fonts:
    print(font)


print"-------------------下面测试matplotlib能否正常显示中文--------------"
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib
# matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = 'HYQuanTangShiF,Times New Roman'
plt.plot((1,2,3),(4,3,-1))
plt.xlabel('横坐标')
plt.ylabel(u'纵坐标')
plt.show()


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结果如下：

好了，没完，有的同学说：
我的不是中文显示为方块，而是中文不显示，这是怎么回事？？？

可以看到上面的图形中，横坐标居然没有显示中文，咋回事呢？
plt.xlabel(‘横坐标’)
改为：
plt.xlabel(u’横坐标’)
即可
另外，我的配置文件是：

### MATPLOTLIBRC FORMAT

# This is a sample matplotlib configuration file - you can find a copy
# of it on your system in
# site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc.  If you edit it
# there, please note that it will be overwritten in your next install.
# If you want to keep a permanent local copy that will not be
# overwritten, place it in the following location:
# unix/linux:
#     $HOME/.config/matplotlib/matplotlibrc or
#     $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/matplotlib/matplotlibrc (if $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is set)
# other platforms:
#     $HOME/.matplotlib/matplotlibrc
#
# See http://matplotlib.org/users/customizing.html#the-matplotlibrc-file for
# more details on the paths which are checked for the configuration file.
#
# This file is best viewed in a editor which supports python mode
# syntax highlighting. Blank lines, or lines starting with a comment
# symbol, are ignored, as are trailing comments.  Other lines must
# have the format
#    key : val # optional comment
#
# Colors: for the color values below, you can either use - a
# matplotlib color string, such as r, k, or b - an rgb tuple, such as
# (1.0, 0.5, 0.0) - a hex string, such as ff00ff - a scalar
# grayscale intensity such as 0.75 - a legal html color name, e.g., red,
# blue, darkslategray

#### CONFIGURATION BEGINS HERE

# The default backend; one of GTK GTKAgg GTKCairo GTK3Agg GTK3Cairo
# MacOSX Qt4Agg Qt5Agg TkAgg WX WXAgg Agg Cairo GDK PS PDF SVG
# Template.
# You can also deploy your own backend outside of matplotlib by
# referring to the module name (which must be in the PYTHONPATH) as
# 'module://my_backend'.
backend      : TkAgg

# If you are using the Qt4Agg backend, you can choose here
# to use the PyQt4 bindings or the newer PySide bindings to
# the underlying Qt4 toolkit.
#backend.qt4 : PyQt4        # PyQt4 | PySide

# Note that this can be overridden by the environment variable
# QT_API used by Enthought Tool Suite (ETS); valid values are
# "pyqt" and "pyside".  The "pyqt" setting has the side effect of
# forcing the use of Version 2 API for QString and QVariant.

# The port to use for the web server in the WebAgg backend.
# webagg.port : 8888

# If webagg.port is unavailable, a number of other random ports will
# be tried until one that is available is found.
# webagg.port_retries : 50

# When True, open the webbrowser to the plot that is shown
# webagg.open_in_browser : True

# When True, the figures rendered in the nbagg backend are created with
# a transparent background.
# nbagg.transparent : False

# if you are running pyplot inside a GUI and your backend choice
# conflicts, we will automatically try to find a compatible one for
# you if backend_fallback is True
#backend_fallback: True

#interactive  : False
#toolbar      : toolbar2   # None | toolbar2  ("classic" is deprecated)
#timezone     : UTC        # a pytz timezone string, e.g., US/Central or Europe/Paris

# Where your matplotlib data lives if you installed to a non-default
# location.  This is where the matplotlib fonts, bitmaps, etc reside
#datapath : /home/jdhunter/mpldata


### LINES
# See http://matplotlib.org/api/artist_api.html#module-matplotlib.lines for more
# information on line properties.
#lines.linewidth   : 1.5     # line width in points
#lines.linestyle   : -       # solid line
#lines.color       : C0      # has no affect on plot(); see axes.prop_cycle
#lines.marker      : None    # the default marker
#lines.markeredgewidth  : 1.0     # the line width around the marker symbol
#lines.markersize  : 6            # markersize, in points
#lines.dash_joinstyle : miter        # miter|round|bevel
#lines.dash_capstyle : butt          # butt|round|projecting
#lines.solid_joinstyle : miter       # miter|round|bevel
#lines.solid_capstyle : projecting   # butt|round|projecting
#lines.antialiased : True         # render lines in antialiased (no jaggies)

# The three standard dash patterns.  These are scaled by the linewidth.
#lines.dashed_pattern : 2.8, 1.2
#lines.dashdot_pattern : 4.8, 1.2, 0.8, 1.2
#lines.dotted_pattern : 1.1, 1.1
#lines.scale_dashes : True

#markers.fillstyle: full # full|left|right|bottom|top|none

### PATCHES
# Patches are graphical objects that fill 2D space, like polygons or
# circles.  See
# http://matplotlib.org/api/artist_api.html#module-matplotlib.patches
# information on patch properties
#patch.linewidth        : 1        # edge width in points.
#patch.facecolor        : C0
#patch.edgecolor        : black   # if forced, or patch is not filled
#patch.force_edgecolor  : False   # True to always use edgecolor
#patch.antialiased      : True    # render patches in antialiased (no jaggies)

### HATCHES
#hatch.color     : k
#hatch.linewidth : 1.0

### Boxplot
#boxplot.notch       : False
#boxplot.vertical    : True
#boxplot.whiskers    : 1.5
#boxplot.bootstrap   : None
#boxplot.patchartist : False
#boxplot.showmeans   : False
#boxplot.showcaps    : True
#boxplot.showbox     : True
#boxplot.showfliers  : True
#boxplot.meanline    : False

#boxplot.flierprops.color           : 'k'
#boxplot.flierprops.marker          : 'o'
#boxplot.flierprops.markerfacecolor : 'none'
#boxplot.flierprops.markeredgecolor : 'k'
#boxplot.flierprops.markersize      : 6
#boxplot.flierprops.linestyle       : 'none'
#boxplot.flierprops.linewidth       : 1.0

#boxplot.boxprops.color     : 'k'
#boxplot.boxprops.linewidth : 1.0
#boxplot.boxprops.linestyle : '-'

#boxplot.whiskerprops.color     : 'k'
#boxplot.whiskerprops.linewidth : 1.0
#boxplot.whiskerprops.linestyle : '-'

#boxplot.capprops.color     : 'k'
#boxplot.capprops.linewidth : 1.0
#boxplot.capprops.linestyle : '-'

#boxplot.medianprops.color     : 'C1'
#boxplot.medianprops.linewidth : 1.0
#boxplot.medianprops.linestyle : '-'

#boxplot.meanprops.color           : 'C2'
#boxplot.meanprops.marker          : '^'
#boxplot.meanprops.markerfacecolor : 'C2'
#boxplot.meanprops.markeredgecolor : 'C2'
#boxplot.meanprops.markersize      :  6
#boxplot.meanprops.linestyle       : 'none'
#boxplot.meanprops.linewidth       : 1.0

### FONT
#
# font properties used by text.Text.  See
# http://matplotlib.org/api/font_manager_api.html for more
# information on font properties.  The 6 font properties used for font
# matching are given below with their default values.
#
# The font.family property has five values: 'serif' (e.g., Times),
# 'sans-serif' (e.g., Helvetica), 'cursive' (e.g., Zapf-Chancery),
# 'fantasy' (e.g., Western), and 'monospace' (e.g., Courier).  Each of
# these font families has a default list of font names in decreasing
# order of priority associated with them.  When text.usetex is False,
# font.family may also be one or more concrete font names.
#
# The font.style property has three values: normal (or roman), italic
# or oblique.  The oblique style will be used for italic, if it is not
# present.
#
# The font.variant property has two values: normal or small-caps.  For
# TrueType fonts, which are scalable fonts, small-caps is equivalent
# to using a font size of 'smaller', or about 83%% of the current font
# size.
#
# The font.weight property has effectively 13 values: normal, bold,
# bolder, lighter, 100, 200, 300, ..., 900.  Normal is the same as
# 400, and bold is 700.  bolder and lighter are relative values with
# respect to the current weight.
#
# The font.stretch property has 11 values: ultra-condensed,
# extra-condensed, condensed, semi-condensed, normal, semi-expanded,
# expanded, extra-expanded, ultra-expanded, wider, and narrower.  This
# property is not currently implemented.
#
# The font.size property is the default font size for text, given in pts.
# 10 pt is the standard value.
#
font.family         : sans-serif
font.style          : normal
font.variant        : normal
font.weight         : medium
font.stretch        : normal
# note that font.size controls default text sizes.  To configure
# special text sizes tick labels, axes, labels, title, etc, see the rc
# settings for axes and ticks. Special text sizes can be defined
# relative to font.size, using the following values: xx-small, x-small,
# small, medium, large, x-large, xx-large, larger, or smaller
#font.size           : 10.0
#font.serif          : DejaVu Serif, Bitstream Vera Serif, New Century Schoolbook, Century Schoolbook L, Utopia, ITC Bookman, Bookman, Nimbus Roman No9 L, Times New Roman, Times, Palatino, Charter, serif
font.sans-serif     : HYQuanTangShiF,Times New Roman
#font.cursive        : Apple Chancery, Textile, Zapf Chancery, Sand, Script MT, Felipa, cursive
#font.fantasy        : Comic Sans MS, Chicago, Charcoal, Impact, Western, Humor Sans, xkcd, fantasy
#font.monospace      : DejaVu Sans Mono, Bitstream Vera Sans Mono, Andale Mono, Nimbus Mono L, Courier New, Courier, Fixed, Terminal, monospace

### TEXT
# text properties used by text.Text.  See
# http://matplotlib.org/api/artist_api.html#module-matplotlib.text for more
# information on text properties

#text.color          : black

### LaTeX customizations. See http://wiki.scipy.org/Cookbook/Matplotlib/UsingTex
#text.usetex         : False  # use latex for all text handling. The following fonts
                              # are supported through the usual rc parameter settings:
                              # new century schoolbook, bookman, times, palatino,
                              # zapf chancery, charter, serif, sans-serif, helvetica,
                              # avant garde, courier, monospace, computer modern roman,
                              # computer modern sans serif, computer modern typewriter
                              # If another font is desired which can loaded using the
                              # LaTeX \usepackage command, please inquire at the
                              # matplotlib mailing list
#text.latex.unicode : False # use "ucs" and "inputenc" LaTeX packages for handling
                            # unicode strings.
#text.latex.preamble :  # IMPROPER USE OF THIS FEATURE WILL LEAD TO LATEX FAILURES
                            # AND IS THEREFORE UNSUPPORTED. PLEASE DO NOT ASK FOR HELP
                            # IF THIS FEATURE DOES NOT DO WHAT YOU EXPECT IT TO.
                            # preamble is a comma separated list of LaTeX statements
                            # that are included in the LaTeX document preamble.
                            # An example:
                            # text.latex.preamble : \usepackage{bm},\usepackage{euler}
                            # The following packages are always loaded with usetex, so
                            # beware of package collisions: color, geometry, graphicx,
                            # type1cm, textcomp. Adobe Postscript (PSSNFS) font packages
                            # may also be loaded, depending on your font settings

#text.dvipnghack : None      # some versions of dvipng don't handle alpha
                             # channel properly.  Use True to correct
                             # and flush ~/.matplotlib/tex.cache
                             # before testing and False to force
                             # correction off.  None will try and
                             # guess based on your dvipng version

#text.hinting : auto   # May be one of the following:
                       #   'none': Perform no hinting
                       #   'auto': Use FreeType's autohinter
                       #   'native': Use the hinting information in the
                       #             font file, if available, and if your
                       #             FreeType library supports it
                       #   'either': Use the native hinting information,
                       #             or the autohinter if none is available.
                       # For backward compatibility, this value may also be
                       # True === 'auto' or False === 'none'.
#text.hinting_factor : 8 # Specifies the amount of softness for hinting in the
                         # horizontal direction.  A value of 1 will hint to full
                         # pixels.  A value of 2 will hint to half pixels etc.

#text.antialiased : True # If True (default), the text will be antialiased.
                         # This only affects the Agg backend.

# The following settings allow you to select the fonts in math mode.
# They map from a TeX font name to a fontconfig font pattern.
# These settings are only used if mathtext.fontset is 'custom'.
# Note that this "custom" mode is unsupported and may go away in the
# future.
#mathtext.cal : cursive
#mathtext.rm  : serif
#mathtext.tt  : monospace
#mathtext.it  : serif:italic
#mathtext.bf  : serif:bold
#mathtext.sf  : sans
#mathtext.fontset : dejavusans # Should be 'dejavusans' (default),
                               # 'dejavuserif', 'cm' (Computer Modern), 'stix',
                               # 'stixsans' or 'custom'
#mathtext.fallback_to_cm : True  # When True, use symbols from the Computer Modern
                                 # fonts when a symbol can not be found in one of
                                 # the custom math fonts.

#mathtext.default : it # The default font to use for math.
                       # Can be any of the LaTeX font names, including
                       # the special name "regular" for the same font
                       # used in regular text.

### AXES
# default face and edge color, default tick sizes,
# default fontsizes for ticklabels, and so on.  See
# http://matplotlib.org/api/axes_api.html#module-matplotlib.axes
#axes.facecolor      : white   # axes background color
#axes.edgecolor      : black   # axes edge color
#axes.linewidth      : 0.8     # edge linewidth
#axes.grid           : False   # display grid or not
#axes.titlesize      : large   # fontsize of the axes title
#axes.titlepad       : 6.0     # pad between axes and title in points
#axes.labelsize      : medium  # fontsize of the x any y labels
#axes.labelpad       : 4.0     # space between label and axis
#axes.labelweight    : normal  # weight of the x and y labels
#axes.labelcolor     : black
#axes.axisbelow      : 'line'  # draw axis gridlines and ticks below
                               # patches (True); above patches but below
                               # lines ('line'); or above all (False)

#axes.formatter.limits : -7, 7 # use scientific notation if log10
                               # of the axis range is smaller than the
                               # first or larger than the second
#axes.formatter.use_locale : False # When True, format tick labels
                                   # according to the user's locale.
                                   # For example, use ',' as a decimal
                                   # separator in the fr_FR locale.
#axes.formatter.use_mathtext : False # When True, use mathtext for scientific
                                     # notation.
#axes.formatter.useoffset      : True    # If True, the tick label formatter
                                         # will default to labeling ticks relative
                                         # to an offset when the data range is
                                         # small compared to the minimum absolute
                                         # value of the data.
#axes.formatter.offset_threshold : 4     # When useoffset is True, the offset
                                         # will be used when it can remove
                                         # at least this number of significant
                                         # digits from tick labels.

# axes.spines.left   : True   # display axis spines
# axes.spines.bottom : True
# axes.spines.top    : True
# axes.spines.right  : True


#axes.unicode_minus  : True    # use unicode for the minus symbol
                               # rather than hyphen.  See
                               # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs#Character_codes
#axes.prop_cycle    : cycler('color',
#                            ['1f77b4', 'ff7f0e', '2ca02c', 'd62728',
#                              '9467bd', '8c564b', 'e377c2', '7f7f7f',
#                              'bcbd22', '17becf'])
                                            # color cycle for plot lines
                                            # as list of string colorspecs:
                                            # single letter, long name, or
                                            # web-style hex
#axes.autolimit_mode : data # How to scale axes limits to the data.
                            # Use "data" to use data limits, plus some margin
                            # Use "round_number" move to the nearest "round" number
#axes.xmargin        : .05  # x margin.  See `axes.Axes.margins`
#axes.ymargin        : .05  # y margin See `axes.Axes.margins`

#polaraxes.grid      : True    # display grid on polar axes
#axes3d.grid         : True    # display grid on 3d axes

### DATES
# These control the default format strings used in AutoDateFormatter.
# Any valid format datetime format string can be used (see the python
# `datetime` for details).  For example using '%%x' will use the locale date representation
# '%%X' will use the locale time representation and '%%c' will use the full locale datetime
# representation.
# These values map to the scales:
#    {'year': 365, 'month': 30, 'day': 1, 'hour': 1/24, 'minute': 1 / (24 * 60)}

# date.autoformatter.year     : %Y
# date.autoformatter.month    : %Y-%m
# date.autoformatter.day      : %Y-%m-%d
# date.autoformatter.hour     : %m-%d %H
# date.autoformatter.minute   : %d %H:%M
# date.autoformatter.second   : %H:%M:%S
# date.autoformatter.microsecond   : %M:%S.%f

### TICKS
# see http://matplotlib.org/api/axis_api.html#matplotlib.axis.Tick
#xtick.top            : False   # draw ticks on the top side
#xtick.bottom         : True   # draw ticks on the bottom side
#xtick.major.size     : 3.5      # major tick size in points
#xtick.minor.size     : 2      # minor tick size in points
#xtick.major.width    : 0.8    # major tick width in points
#xtick.minor.width    : 0.6    # minor tick width in points
#xtick.major.pad      : 3.5      # distance to major tick label in points
#xtick.minor.pad      : 3.4      # distance to the minor tick label in points
#xtick.color          : k      # color of the tick labels
#xtick.labelsize      : medium # fontsize of the tick labels
#xtick.direction      : out    # direction: in, out, or inout
#xtick.minor.visible  : False  # visibility of minor ticks on x-axis
#xtick.major.top      : True   # draw x axis top major ticks
#xtick.major.bottom   : True   # draw x axis bottom major ticks
#xtick.minor.top      : True   # draw x axis top minor ticks
#xtick.minor.bottom   : True   # draw x axis bottom minor ticks

#ytick.left           : True   # draw ticks on the left side
#ytick.right          : False  # draw ticks on the right side
#ytick.major.size     : 3.5      # major tick size in points
#ytick.minor.size     : 2      # minor tick size in points
#ytick.major.width    : 0.8    # major tick width in points
#ytick.minor.width    : 0.6    # minor tick width in points
#ytick.major.pad      : 3.5      # distance to major tick label in points
#ytick.minor.pad      : 3.4      # distance to the minor tick label in points
#ytick.color          : k      # color of the tick labels
#ytick.labelsize      : medium # fontsize of the tick labels
#ytick.direction      : out    # direction: in, out, or inout
#ytick.minor.visible  : False  # visibility of minor ticks on y-axis
#ytick.major.left     : True   # draw y axis left major ticks
#ytick.major.right    : True   # draw y axis right major ticks
#ytick.minor.left     : True   # draw y axis left minor ticks
#ytick.minor.right    : True   # draw y axis right minor ticks


### GRIDS
#grid.color       :   b0b0b0    # grid color
#grid.linestyle   :   -         # solid
#grid.linewidth   :   0.8       # in points
#grid.alpha       :   1.0       # transparency, between 0.0 and 1.0

### Legend
#legend.loc           : best
#legend.frameon       : True     # if True, draw the legend on a background patch
#legend.framealpha    : 0.8      # legend patch transparency
#legend.facecolor     : inherit  # inherit from axes.facecolor; or color spec
#legend.edgecolor     : 0.8      # background patch boundary color
#legend.fancybox      : True     # if True, use a rounded box for the
                                 # legend background, else a rectangle
#legend.shadow        : False    # if True, give background a shadow effect
#legend.numpoints     : 1        # the number of marker points in the legend line
#legend.scatterpoints : 1        # number of scatter points
#legend.markerscale   : 1.0      # the relative size of legend markers vs. original
#legend.fontsize      : medium
# Dimensions as fraction of fontsize:
#legend.borderpad     : 0.4      # border whitespace
#legend.labelspacing  : 0.5      # the vertical space between the legend entries
#legend.handlelength  : 2.0      # the length of the legend lines
#legend.handleheight  : 0.7      # the height of the legend handle
#legend.handletextpad : 0.8      # the space between the legend line and legend text
#legend.borderaxespad : 0.5      # the border between the axes and legend edge
#legend.columnspacing : 2.0      # column separation

### FIGURE
# See http://matplotlib.org/api/figure_api.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure
#figure.titlesize : large      # size of the figure title (Figure.suptitle())
#figure.titleweight : normal   # weight of the figure title
#figure.figsize   : 6.4, 4.8   # figure size in inches
#figure.dpi       : 100      # figure dots per inch
#figure.facecolor : white   # figure facecolor; 0.75 is scalar gray
#figure.edgecolor : white   # figure edgecolor
#figure.autolayout : False  # When True, automatically adjust subplot
                            # parameters to make the plot fit the figure
#figure.max_open_warning : 20  # The maximum number of figures to open through
                               # the pyplot interface before emitting a warning.
                               # If less than one this feature is disabled.

# The figure subplot parameters.  All dimensions are a fraction of the
#figure.subplot.left    : 0.125  # the left side of the subplots of the figure
#figure.subplot.right   : 0.9    # the right side of the subplots of the figure
#figure.subplot.bottom  : 0.11    # the bottom of the subplots of the figure
#figure.subplot.top     : 0.88    # the top of the subplots of the figure
#figure.subplot.wspace  : 0.2    # the amount of width reserved for blank space between subplots,
                                 # expressed as a fraction of the average axis width
#figure.subplot.hspace  : 0.2    # the amount of height reserved for white space between subplots,
                                 # expressed as a fraction of the average axis height


### IMAGES
#image.aspect : equal             # equal | auto | a number
#image.interpolation  : nearest   # see help(imshow) for options
#image.cmap   : viridis           # A colormap name, gray etc...
#image.lut    : 256               # the size of the colormap lookup table
#image.origin : upper             # lower | upper
#image.resample  : True
#image.composite_image : True     # When True, all the images on a set of axes are
                                  # combined into a single composite image before
                                  # saving a figure as a vector graphics file,
                                  # such as a PDF.

### CONTOUR PLOTS
#contour.negative_linestyle : dashed # dashed | solid
#contour.corner_mask        : True   # True | False | legacy

### ERRORBAR PLOTS
#errorbar.capsize : 0             # length of end cap on error bars in pixels

### HISTOGRAM PLOTS
#hist.bins : 10                   # The default number of histogram bins.
                                  # If Numpy 1.11 or later is
                                  # installed, may also be `auto`

### SCATTER PLOTS
#scatter.marker : o               # The default marker type for scatter plots.

### Agg rendering
### Warning: experimental, 2008/10/10
#agg.path.chunksize : 0           # 0 to disable; values in the range
                                  # 10000 to 100000 can improve speed slightly
                                  # and prevent an Agg rendering failure
                                  # when plotting very large data sets,
                                  # especially if they are very gappy.
                                  # It may cause minor artifacts, though.
                                  # A value of 20000 is probably a good
                                  # starting point.
### SAVING FIGURES
#path.simplify : True   # When True, simplify paths by removing "invisible"
                        # points to reduce file size and increase rendering
                        # speed
#path.simplify_threshold : 0.1  # The threshold of similarity below which
                                # vertices will be removed in the simplification
                                # process
#path.snap : True # When True, rectilinear axis-aligned paths will be snapped to
                  # the nearest pixel when certain criteria are met.  When False,
                  # paths will never be snapped.
#path.sketch : None # May be none, or a 3-tuple of the form (scale, length,
                    # randomness).
                    # *scale* is the amplitude of the wiggle
                    # perpendicular to the line (in pixels).  *length*
                    # is the length of the wiggle along the line (in
                    # pixels).  *randomness* is the factor by which
                    # the length is randomly scaled.

# the default savefig params can be different from the display params
# e.g., you may want a higher resolution, or to make the figure
# background white
#savefig.dpi         : figure   # figure dots per inch or 'figure'
#savefig.facecolor   : white    # figure facecolor when saving
#savefig.edgecolor   : white    # figure edgecolor when saving
#savefig.format      : png      # png, ps, pdf, svg
#savefig.bbox        : standard # 'tight' or 'standard'.
                                # 'tight' is incompatible with pipe-based animation
                                # backends but will workd with temporary file based ones:
                                # e.g. setting animation.writer to ffmpeg will not work,
                                # use ffmpeg_file instead
#savefig.pad_inches  : 0.1      # Padding to be used when bbox is set to 'tight'
#savefig.jpeg_quality: 95       # when a jpeg is saved, the default quality parameter.
#savefig.directory   : ~        # default directory in savefig dialog box,
                                # leave empty to always use current working directory
#savefig.transparent : False    # setting that controls whether figures are saved with a
                                # transparent background by default

# tk backend params
#tk.window_focus   : False    # Maintain shell focus for TkAgg

# ps backend params
#ps.papersize      : letter   # auto, letter, legal, ledger, A0-A10, B0-B10
#ps.useafm         : False    # use of afm fonts, results in small files
#ps.usedistiller   : False    # can be: None, ghostscript or xpdf
                                          # Experimental: may produce smaller files.
                                          # xpdf intended for production of publication quality files,
                                          # but requires ghostscript, xpdf and ps2eps
#ps.distiller.res  : 6000      # dpi
#ps.fonttype       : 3         # Output Type 3 (Type3) or Type 42 (TrueType)

# pdf backend params
#pdf.compression   : 6 # integer from 0 to 9
                       # 0 disables compression (good for debugging)
#pdf.fonttype       : 3         # Output Type 3 (Type3) or Type 42 (TrueType)

# svg backend params
#svg.image_inline : True       # write raster image data directly into the svg file
#svg.fonttype : 'path'         # How to handle SVG fonts:
#    'none': Assume fonts are installed on the machine where the SVG will be viewed.
#    'path': Embed characters as paths -- supported by most SVG renderers
#    'svgfont': Embed characters as SVG fonts -- supported only by Chrome,
#               Opera and Safari
#svg.hashsalt : None           # if not None, use this string as hash salt
                               # instead of uuid4

# docstring params
#docstring.hardcopy = False  # set this when you want to generate hardcopy docstring

# Set the verbose flags.  This controls how much information
# matplotlib gives you at runtime and where it goes.  The verbosity
# levels are: silent, helpful, debug, debug-annoying.  Any level is
# inclusive of all the levels below it.  If your setting is "debug",
# you'll get all the debug and helpful messages.  When submitting
# problems to the mailing-list, please set verbose to "helpful" or "debug"
# and paste the output into your report.
#
# The "fileo" gives the destination for any calls to verbose.report.
# These objects can a filename, or a filehandle like sys.stdout.
#
# You can override the rc default verbosity from the command line by
# giving the flags --verbose-LEVEL where LEVEL is one of the legal
# levels, e.g., --verbose-helpful.
#
# You can access the verbose instance in your code
#   from matplotlib import verbose.
#verbose.level  : silent      # one of silent, helpful, debug, debug-annoying
#verbose.fileo  : sys.stdout  # a log filename, sys.stdout or sys.stderr

# Event keys to interact with figures/plots via keyboard.
# Customize these settings according to your needs.
# Leave the field(s) empty if you don't need a key-map. (i.e., fullscreen : '')

#keymap.fullscreen : f, ctrl+f       # toggling
#keymap.home : h, r, home            # home or reset mnemonic
#keymap.back : left, c, backspace    # forward / backward keys to enable
#keymap.forward : right, v           #   left handed quick navigation
#keymap.pan : p                      # pan mnemonic
#keymap.zoom : o                     # zoom mnemonic
#keymap.save : s                     # saving current figure
#keymap.quit : ctrl+w, cmd+w         # close the current figure
#keymap.grid : g                     # switching on/off a grid in current axes
#keymap.yscale : l                   # toggle scaling of y-axes ('log'/'linear')
#keymap.xscale : L, k                # toggle scaling of x-axes ('log'/'linear')
#keymap.all_axes : a                 # enable all axes

# Control location of examples data files
#examples.directory : ''   # directory to look in for custom installation

###ANIMATION settings
#animation.html : 'none'           # How to display the animation as HTML in
                                   # the IPython notebook. 'html5' uses
                                   # HTML5 video tag.
#animation.writer : ffmpeg         # MovieWriter 'backend' to use
#animation.codec : h264            # Codec to use for writing movie
#animation.bitrate: -1             # Controls size/quality tradeoff for movie.
                                   # -1 implies let utility auto-determine
#animation.frame_format: 'png'     # Controls frame format used by temp files
#animation.ffmpeg_path: 'ffmpeg'   # Path to ffmpeg binary. Without full path
                                   # $PATH is searched
#animation.ffmpeg_args: ''         # Additional arguments to pass to ffmpeg
#animation.avconv_path: 'avconv'   # Path to avconv binary. Without full path
                                   # $PATH is searched
#animation.avconv_args: ''         # Additional arguments to pass to avconv
#animation.mencoder_path: 'mencoder'
                                   # Path to mencoder binary. Without full path
                                   # $PATH is searched
#animation.mencoder_args: ''       # Additional arguments to pass to mencoder
#animation.convert_path: 'convert' # Path to ImageMagick's convert binary.
                                   # On Windows use the full path since convert
                                   # is also the name of a system tool.

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配置文件的路径是：
~/.virtualenvs/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data

如果是python3,那么上面的路径是
~/.virtualenvs/python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data
文件内容不变