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物联网开发笔记（9）- 使用Wokwi仿真MicroPython on ESP32开发板实现温度和湿度检测并使用屏幕显示_wokwi仿真平台

作者：羊村懒王 | 2024-04-07 12:50:02

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wokwi仿真平台

一、测试环境

我们同样使用在Wokwi网站上选择Micropython with ESP32进行仿真，来进行温度和湿度的检测。

ESP32官方技术参考手册：

https://www.espressif.com.cn/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32_technical_reference_manual_en.pdfhttps://www.espressif.com.cn/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32_technical_reference_manual_en.pdf中文资料可查看乐鑫官网：

技术文档 | 乐鑫科技Downloads: SDK & Demos, APKs, Tools and Documents for Espressif Systems products and solutionshttps://www.espressif.com.cn/zh-hans/support/documents/technical-documents

二、硬件环境

温度湿度DHT22使用说明和显示屏ssd1366使用说明

wokwi-dht22 Reference | Wokwi DocsDigital Humidity and Temperature sensor.https://docs.wokwi.com/parts/wokwi-dht22board-ssd1306 Reference | Wokwi DocsMonochrome 128x64 OLED display with I2C interfacehttps://docs.wokwi.com/parts/board-ssd1306三、代码说明

main.py

  1. '''
  2. oled温湿度报警,
  3. 可手动设定警戒值的报警装置，可以用于一些特定环境的温湿度控制
  4. 可以自己设定间隔时间
  5. 可以通过串口进行最高最低温度的设置等，省的设置一堆按钮显得乱
  6. '''
  7. from machine import Pin,PWM,I2C,Timer,UART
  8. import time,machine,ssd1306,dht
  9.  
  10. uart1=UART(1,115200)  #调用串口uart1
  11. uart1.init(115200,bits=8,parity=None,stop=1)  #初始化串口相关参数
  12. Tim_S=Timer(0)   #定时器对象，很怪，有了这个定时器，下面的蜂鸣器没有了短促的鸣叫
  13. key=Pin(27, Pin.OUT)  # 蜂鸣器接GPIO27口
  14. Buzzer= PWM(key)    #定义蜂鸣器
  15. Buzzer.duty(0)      #控制蜂鸣器初始关闭状态
  16. global data
  17. data = dht.DHT22(Pin(15))  #实例化15号管脚，21被占用了
  18. i2c = I2C(0, scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21))   #对应管脚
  19. oled_width = 128  ##画幅大小。oled屏幕宽度128
  20. oled_height = 64   #画幅大小。oled屏幕高度64
  21. oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(oled_width, oled_height, i2c)   #调用，设置像素大小
  22. i=0
  23. space=3000   #设置数据更新时间，默认三秒，可修改但是要为整型。
  24. point=['','.','..','...']   #oled显示“...”动态，表示在工作
  25. Warn_tem_Max=29.0  # 设置最高温度。可修改为浮点型
  26. Warn_tem_Min=26.0  # 设置最高温度。可修改为浮点型
  27. Warn_hum_Max=60.0  # 设置最大湿度。可修改为浮点型
  28. Warn_hum_Min=40.0  # 设置最小湿度。可修改为浮点型
  29. L_Blue=Pin(2,Pin.OUT)  #内置小灯，判断状态，命令设置成功闪亮
  30.  
  31. def Voice_On():   #开启调用
  32.   Buzzer.duty(512)   #设置蜂鸣器占空比
  33.   Buzzer.freq(2000)  #设置蜂鸣器频率
  34.   time.sleep(0.5)
  35.   Buzzer.duty(0)
  36.   time.sleep(0.5)
  37.  
  38. def Voice_Off():   #关闭调用
  39.   Buzzer.duty(0)   #蜂鸣器关闭
  40.  
  41. def Open_Test(t):
  42.   data.measure()     #先调用测量函数，获取温湿度
  43.   global temp
  44.   temp=data.temperature()
  45.   global humi
  46.   humi=data.humidity()
  47.  
  48. def max_or_min():
  49.   global tem_Max
  50.   global tem_Min
  51.   global hum_Max
  52.   global hum_Min
  53.   if int(temp)>tem_Max:
  54.     tem_Max=int(temp)
  55.   if int(temp)<tem_Min:
  56.     tem_Min=int(temp)
  57.   if int(humi)>hum_Max:
  58.     hum_Max=int(humi)
  59.   if int(humi)<tem_Max:
  60.     hum_Min=int(humi)
  61.  
  62. def Print():
  63.   global i
  64.   oled.text('Temp:'+str(temp), 0, 12)
  65.   oled.text('Max:'+str(tem_Max), 0, 26)    #空一段，最大最小
  66.   oled.text('Min:'+str(tem_Min), 64, 26)
  67.   oled.text('Humi:'+str(humi), 0,40)
  68.   oled.text('Max:'+str(hum_Max), 0, 57)    
  69.   oled.text('Min:'+str(hum_Min), 64, 57)
  70.   oled.text('working'+point[i%4], 25, 0)
  71.   oled.show()
  72.   time.sleep(0.2)
  73.   oled.fill(0)
  74.   i=i+1
  75.  
  76. def Is_Int(Dir):   #异常处理。整型
  77.   try:
  78.     int(Dir)
  79.     return True
  80.   except ValueError:
  81.     pass
  82.  
  83. def Is_Float(Dir):   #异常处理。浮点型
  84.   try:
  85.     float(Dir)
  86.     return True
  87.   except ValueError:
  88.     pass
  89.  
  90. def twink():
  91.   L_Blue.value(1)
  92.   time.sleep(0.5)
  93.   L_Blue.value(0)
  94.   time.sleep(0.5)
  95.   L_Blue.value(1)
  96.   time.sleep(0.5)
  97.   L_Blue.value(0)
  98.   time.sleep(0.5)
  99.  
  100. oled.fill(0) #清屏
  101. oled.text('Welcome!', 10, 10)   #欢迎界面   
  102. oled.show()
  103. time.sleep(0.5)
  104. oled.fill(0) #清屏
  105.  
  106. Open_Test(0)  #先调用，才能全局改变下面的变量
  107. Tim_S.init(period=space,mode=Timer.PERIODIC,callback=Open_Test)
  108. #效果是到定义的时间就调用函数收集一下数据，但是程序依然在运行，到主函数后会因为未到指定时间
  109. #而不启用收集函数，导致主函数出错，所以需要在定时器之前先调用一下函数，
  110. #还有种办法，可以通过延时来达到等待函数运行后再去显示数据,但是因为后续会有自定义收集间隔
  111. #所以如果通过延时来处理还需要让延时时间变量与间隔相同
  112. #time.sleep(n)
  113.  
  114. tem_Max=int(temp)  #控制空间，整数,大概
  115. tem_Min=int(temp)
  116. hum_Max=int(humi)
  117. hum_Min=int(humi)
  118.  
  119. #主程序负责数据的对比，定时器外部中断优先，保障间隔的准确
  120. while True:   #循环获取温湿度
  121.   if Warn_tem_Min<temp<Warn_tem_Max and Warn_hum_Min<humi<Warn_hum_Max:
  122.     Voice_Off()
  123.   else:
  124.     Voice_On()
  125.   max_or_min()
  126.   Print()
  127.   #大概有几个口令：警报最大最小温度，湿度；采集时间间隔就这五个，
  128.   #注意判断类型，命令或类型不正确的不予理会，设置成功有闪灯提醒
  129.   if uart1.any()>0:   #考虑放在定时器中，因为循环内很难监测到
  130.     Dir=uart1.read()
  131.     Dir=str(Dir)     #转换为字符串型
  132. #Dir=Dir.lower(),字符小写就涉及到回车的问题，无法转变，会异常，所以我可以提前切出来想要的部分
  133.     Dir=Dir[2:-3]  #提前切掉b'...\n'这个东西，在让这个正常的字符串去变小写
  134.     if Dir.find('space')>=0:
  135.       Dir=Dir[5:]
  136.       if Is_Int(Dir)==True:
  137.         space=int(Dir)
  138.         Tim_S.init(period=space,mode=Timer.PERIODIC,callback=Open_Test)
  139.         twink()
  140.     elif Dir.find('tmax')>=0:
  141.       Dir=Dir[4:]
  142.       if Is_Float(Dir)==True:
  143.         Warn_tem_Max=float(Dir)
  144.         twink()
  145.     elif Dir.find('tmin')>=0:
  146.       Dir=Dir[4:]
  147.       if Is_Float(Dir)==True:
  148.         Warn_tem_Min=float(Dir)
  149.         twink()
  150.     elif Dir.find('hmax')>=0:
  151.       Dir=Dir[4:]
  152.       if Is_Float(Dir)==True:
  153.         Warn_hum_Max=float(Dir)
  154.         twink()
  155.     elif Dir.find('hmin')>=0:
  156.       Dir=Dir[4:]
  157.       if Is_Float(Dir)==True:
  158.         Warn_hum_Min=float(Dir)
  159.         twink()
  160. #串口这部分也可以考虑写成函数，看起来能简洁些

diagram.json

  1. {
  2.   "version": 1,
  3.   "author": "魔都飘雪",
  4.   "editor": "wokwi",
  5.   "parts": [
  6.     { "type": "wokwi-esp32-devkit-v1", "id": "esp", "top": -68.61, "left": -8.02, "attrs": {} },
  7.     { "type": "wokwi-dht22", "id": "dht1", "top": -71.8, "left": 118.28, "attrs": {} },
  8.     { "type": "board-ssd1306", "id": "oled1", "top": 23.53, "left": -135.32, "attrs": {} },
  9.     {
  10.       "type": "wokwi-buzzer",
  11.       "id": "bz1",
  12.       "top": -81.64,
  13.       "left": -146.94,
  14.       "attrs": { "volume": "0.5" }
  15.     }
  16.   ],
  17.   "connections": [
  18.     [ "esp:TX0", "$serialMonitor:RX", "", [] ],
  19.     [ "esp:RX0", "$serialMonitor:TX", "", [] ],
  20.     [ "dht1:VCC", "esp:3V3", "red", [ "v0" ] ],
  21.     [ "dht1:SDA", "esp:D15", "green", [ "v0" ] ],
  22.     [ "dht1:GND", "esp:GND.1", "black", [ "v0" ] ],
  23.     [ "oled1:VCC", "esp:3V3", "red", [ "v-12.04", "h-51.43", "v113.03", "h241.73", "v-40.86" ] ],
  24.     [
  25.       "oled1:GND",
  26.       "esp:GND.2",
  27.       "black",
  28.       [ "v-12.72", "h-41.98", "v114.4", "h127.33", "v-50.39" ]
  29.     ],
  30.     [ "oled1:SDA", "esp:D21", "green", [ "v-103.15", "h173.6", "v86.85" ] ],
  31.     [ "bz1:1", "esp:GND.2", "green", [ "v8.67", "h101.46", "v72.79" ] ],
  32.     [ "bz1:2", "esp:D27", "green", [ "v8.67", "h96.78", "v53.56" ] ],
  33.     [ "oled1:SCL", "esp:D22", "green", [ "v-108.86", "h178.16", "v59.06" ] ]
  34.   ],
  35.   "serialMonitor": { "display": "plotter", "newline": "lf" }
  36. }

ssd1366.py(ssd1306屏幕的驱动)

  1. # MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces
  2.  
  3. from micropython import const
  4. import framebuf
  5. import math
  6.  
  7.  
  8. # register definitions
  9. SET_CONTRAST        = const(0x81)
  10. SET_ENTIRE_ON       = const(0xa4)
  11. SET_NORM_INV        = const(0xa6)
  12. SET_DISP            = const(0xae)
  13. SET_MEM_ADDR        = const(0x20)
  14. SET_COL_ADDR        = const(0x21)
  15. SET_PAGE_ADDR       = const(0x22)
  16. SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40)
  17. SET_SEG_REMAP       = const(0xa0)
  18. SET_MUX_RATIO       = const(0xa8)
  19. SET_COM_OUT_DIR     = const(0xc0)
  20. SET_DISP_OFFSET     = const(0xd3)
  21. SET_COM_PIN_CFG     = const(0xda)
  22. SET_DISP_CLK_DIV    = const(0xd5)
  23. SET_PRECHARGE       = const(0xd9)
  24. SET_VCOM_DESEL      = const(0xdb)
  25. SET_CHARGE_PUMP     = const(0x8d)
  26.  
  27.  
  28. class SSD1306:
  29.     def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc, color=framebuf.MONO_VLSB):
  30.         self.width = width
  31.         self.height = height
  32.         self.external_vcc = external_vcc
  33.         self.pages = self.height // 8
  34.         self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width)
  35.         fb = framebuf.FrameBuffer(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, color)
  36.         self.framebuf = fb
  37.         # Provide methods for accessing FrameBuffer graphics primitives. This is a
  38.         # workround because inheritance from a native class is currently unsupported.
  39.         # http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html
  40.         self.fill = fb.fill
  41.         self.pixel = fb.pixel
  42.         self.hline = fb.hline
  43.         self.vline = fb.vline
  44.         self.line = fb.line
  45.         self.rect = fb.rect
  46.         self.fill_rect = fb.fill_rect
  47.         self.text = fb.text
  48.         self.scroll = fb.scroll
  49.         self.blit = fb.blit
  50.         self.init_display()
  51.  
  52.     def init_display(self):
  53.         for cmd in (
  54.             SET_DISP | 0x00, # off
  55.             # address setting
  56.             SET_MEM_ADDR, 0x00, # horizontal
  57.             # resolution and layout
  58.             SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00,
  59.             SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01, # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0
  60.             SET_MUX_RATIO, self.height - 1,
  61.             SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08, # scan from COM[N] to COM0
  62.             SET_DISP_OFFSET, 0x00,
  63.             SET_COM_PIN_CFG, 0x02 if self.height == 32 else 0x12,
  64.             # timing and driving scheme
  65.             SET_DISP_CLK_DIV, 0x80,
  66.             SET_PRECHARGE, 0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xf1,
  67.             SET_VCOM_DESEL, 0x30, # 0.83*Vcc
  68.             # display
  69.             SET_CONTRAST, 0xff, # maximum
  70.             SET_ENTIRE_ON, # output follows RAM contents
  71.             SET_NORM_INV, # not inverted
  72.             # charge pump
  73.             SET_CHARGE_PUMP, 0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14,
  74.             SET_DISP | 0x01): # on
  75.             self.write_cmd(cmd)
  76.         self.fill(0)
  77.         self.show()
  78.  
  79.     def poweroff(self):
  80.         self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00)
  81.  
  82.     def poweron(self):
  83.         self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01)
  84.  
  85.     def contrast(self, contrast):
  86.         self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST)
  87.         self.write_cmd(contrast)
  88.  
  89.     def invert(self, invert):
  90.         self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1))
  91.  
  92.     def show(self):
  93.         x0 = 0
  94.         x1 = self.width - 1
  95.         if self.width == 64:
  96.             # displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32
  97.             x0 += 32
  98.             x1 += 32
  99.         self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR)
  100.         self.write_cmd(x0)
  101.         self.write_cmd(x1)
  102.         self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR)
  103.         self.write_cmd(0)
  104.         self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1)
  105.         self.write_data(self.buffer)
  106.     #下面函数为添加的功能，根据pyboard板子厂商提供的例程修改
  107.  
  108.     def show_hanzi(self, row, col, charlist1):
  109.         data = bytearray(charlist1)
  110.         fbuf = framebuf.FrameBuffer(data, 16, 16, framebuf.MONO_VLSB)
  111.         self.blit(fbuf,col,(row-1)*16)
  112.         del fbuf
  113.  
  114.     def show_image(self, image_list):
  115.         data = bytearray(image_list)
  116.         fbuf = framebuf.FrameBuffer(data, 128, 96, framebuf.MONO_VLSB)
  117.         self.blit(fbuf, 0, 0)
  118.         del fbuf
  119.  
  120.  
  121. class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306):
  122.     def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3c, external_vcc=False, color=framebuf.MONO_VLSB):
  123.         self.i2c = i2c
  124.         self.addr = addr
  125.         self.temp = bytearray(2)
  126.         super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc, color)
  127.  
  128.     def write_cmd(self, cmd):
  129.         self.temp[0] = 0x80 # Co=1, D/C#=0
  130.         self.temp[1] = cmd
  131.         self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp)
  132.  
  133.     def write_data(self, buf):
  134.         self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, b'\x40' + buf)
  135.  
  136.  
  137. class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306):
  138.     def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False, color=framebuf.MONO_VLSB):
  139.         self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024
  140.         dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0)
  141.         res.init(res.OUT, value=0)
  142.         cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1)
  143.         self.spi = spi
  144.         self.dc = dc
  145.         self.res = res
  146.         self.cs = cs
  147.         import time
  148.         self.res(1)
  149.         time.sleep_ms(1)
  150.         self.res(0)
  151.         time.sleep_ms(10)
  152.         self.res(1)
  153.         super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc, color)
  154.  
  155.     def write_cmd(self, cmd):
  156.         self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
  157.         self.cs(1)
  158.         self.dc(0)
  159.         self.cs(0)
  160.         self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd]))
  161.         self.cs(1)
  162.  
  163.     def write_data(self, buf):
  164.         self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
  165.         self.cs(1)
  166.         self.dc(1)
  167.         self.cs(0)
  168.         self.spi.write(buf)
  169.         self.cs(1)

 是不是，很简单！来看看效果：

也可以在网页上查看实际效果：

Wokwi Arduino and ESP32 Simulatoricon-default.png?t=M7J4https://wokwi.com/projects/341771399848788563

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