YOLOV5改进：CVPR2023：加入EfficientViT主干：具级联组注意力的访存高效ViT_yolov5改进 efficientvit

论文地址

视觉变压器由于其高模型能力而取得了巨大的成功。然而，它们卓越的性能伴随着沉重的计算成本，这使得它们不适合实时应用。在这篇论文中，我们提出了一个高速视觉变压器家族，名为EfficientViT。我们发现现有的变压器模型的速度通常受到内存低效操作的限制，特别是在MHSA中的张量重塑和单元函数。因此，我们设计了一种具有三明治布局的新构建块，即在高效FFN层之间使用单个内存绑定的MHSA，从而提高了内存效率，同时增强了信道通信。此外，我们发现注意图在头部之间具有很高的相似性，从而导致计算冗余。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一个级联的群体注意模块，以不同的完整特征分割来馈送注意头，不仅节省了计算成本，而且提高了注意多样性。综合实验表明，高效vit优于现有的高效模型，在速度和精度之间取得了良好的平衡。例如，我们的EfficientViT-M5在准确率上比MobileNetV3-Large高出1.9%，而在Nvidia V100 GPU和Intel Xeon CPU上的吞吐量分别高出40.4%和45.2%。与最近的高效型号MobileViT-XXS相比，efficientvitt - m2的精度提高了1.8%，同时在GPU/CPU上运行速度提高了5.8倍/3.7倍，转换为ONNX格式时速度提高了7.4倍。代码和模型可在这里获得

以yolov5 7.0版本进行改进

1.nextvit.py文件，添加如下代码：

# --------------------------------------------------------
# EfficientViT Model Architecture for Downstream Tasks
# Copyright (c) 2022 Microsoft
# Written by: Xinyu Liu
# --------------------------------------------------------
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.utils.checkpoint as checkpoint
import itertools
 
from timm.models.layers import SqueezeExcite
 
import numpy as np
import itertools
 
__all__ = ['EfficientViT_M0', 'EfficientViT_M1', 'EfficientViT_M2', 'EfficientViT_M3', 'EfficientViT_M4',
           'EfficientViT_M5']
 
 
class Conv2d_BN(torch.nn.Sequential):
    def __init__(self, a, b, ks=1, stride=1, pad=0, dilation=1,
                 groups=1, bn_weight_init=1, resolution=-10000):
        super().__init__()
        self.add_module('c', torch.nn.Conv2d(
            a, b, ks, stride, pad, dilation, groups, bias=False))
        self.add_module('bn', torch.nn.BatchNorm2d(b))
        torch.nn.init.constant_(self.bn.weight, bn_weight_init)
        torch.nn.init.constant_(self.bn.bias, 0)
 
    @torch.no_grad()
    def fuse(self):
        c, bn = self._modules.values()
        w = bn.weight / (bn.running_var + bn.eps) ** 0.5
        w = c.weight * w[:, None, None, None]
        b = bn.bias - bn.running_mean * bn.weight / \
            (bn.running_var + bn.eps) ** 0.5
        m = torch.nn.Conv2d(w.size(1) * self.c.groups, w.size(
            0), w.shape[2:], stride=self.c.stride, padding=self.c.padding, dilation=self.c.dilation,
                            groups=self.c.groups)
        m.weight.data.copy_(w)
        m.bias.data.copy_(b)
        return m
 
 
def replace_batchnorm(net):
    for child_name, child in net.named_children():
        if hasattr(child, 'fuse'):
            setattr(net, child_name, child.fuse())
        elif isinstance(child, torch.nn.BatchNorm2d):
            setattr(net, child_name, torch.nn.Identity())
        else:
            replace_batchnorm(child)
 
 
class PatchMerging(torch.nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, dim, out_dim, input_resolution):
        super().__init__()
        hid_dim = int(dim * 4)
        self.conv1 = Conv2d_BN(dim, hid_dim, 1, 1, 0, resolution=input_resolution)
        self.act = torch.nn.ReLU()
        self.conv2 = Conv2d_BN(hid_dim, hid_dim, 3, 2, 1, groups=hid_dim, resolution=input_resolution)
        self.se = SqueezeExcite(hid_dim, .25)
        self.conv3 = Conv2d_BN(hid_dim, out_dim, 1, 1, 0, resolution=input_resolution // 2)
 
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv3(self.se(self.act(self.conv2(self.act(self.conv1(x))))))
        return x
 
 
class Residual(torch.nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, m, drop=0.):
        super().__init__()
        self.m = m
        self.drop = drop
 
    def forward(self, x):
        if self.training and self.drop > 0:
            return x + self.m(x) * torch.rand(x.size(0), 1, 1, 1,
                                              device=x.device).ge_(self.drop).div(1 - self.drop).detach()
        else:
            return x + self.m(x)
 
 
class FFN(torch.nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, ed, h, resolution):
        super().__init__()
        self.pw1 = Conv2d_BN(ed, h, resolution=resolution)
        self.act = torch.nn.ReLU()
        self.pw2 = Conv2d_BN(h, ed, bn_weight_init=0, resolution=resolution)
 
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.pw2(self.act(self.pw1(x)))
        return x
 
 
class CascadedGroupAttention(torch.nn.Module):
    r""" Cascaded Group Attention.
    Args:
        dim (int): Number of input channels.
        key_dim (int): The dimension for query and key.
        num_heads (int): Number of attention heads.
        attn_ratio (int): Multiplier for the query dim for value dimension.
        resolution (int): Input resolution, correspond to the window size.
        kernels (List[int]): The kernel size of the dw conv on query.
    """
 
    def __init__(self, dim, key_dim, num_heads=8,
                 attn_ratio=4,
                 resolution=14,
                 kernels=[5, 5, 5, 5], ):
        super().__init__()
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.scale = key_dim ** -0.5
        self.key_dim = key_dim
        self.d = int(attn_ratio * key_dim)
        self.attn_ratio = attn_ratio
 
        qkvs = []
        dws = []
        for i in range(num_heads