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点评:一篇很有实操意义的文档
引自
之前写了JAVA操作cassandra驱动包,现在来看看spring-data对cassandra的支持。这里是spring-data-cassandra的官方文档:http://docs.spring.io/spring-data/cassandra/docs/1.5.0.M1/reference/html/
这个目录下还有api、版本日志等:http://docs.spring.io/spring-data/cassandra/docs/1.5.0.M1/
引入jar包
<!-- 这里对应的是cassandra3.0之后的版本 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-cassandra</artifactId>
<version>1.5.0.M1</version>
</dependency>
定义域模型(实体类)
不存在复合主键的情况:
package com.my.domin.pojo; import org.springframework.data.cassandra.mapping.Column; import org.springframework.data.cassandra.mapping.PrimaryKey; import org.springframework.data.cassandra.mapping.Table; @Table public class Person { // 主键 @PrimaryKey private String id; // 列名 与数据库列名一致时可不加 @Column(value = "name") private String name; private int age; // 支持构造函数 public Person(String id, String name, int age) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.age = age; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]"; } }
对应的CQL建表语句
CREATE TABLE mydb.person (
id text PRIMARY KEY,
age int,
name text
)
可以看出和JPA的注解很类似,不同的是cassandra主键用的是@PrimaryKey,而且允许使用构造函数。
如果存在复合主键,则要先映射一个主键的实体类,再映射一个包含这个主键的实体类
package com.my.domin.pojo; import org.springframework.cassandra.core.Ordering; import org.springframework.cassandra.core.PrimaryKeyType; import org.springframework.data.cassandra.mapping.PrimaryKeyClass; import org.springframework.data.cassandra.mapping.PrimaryKeyColumn; @PrimaryKeyClass public class Person2Key { // 分区键 @PrimaryKeyColumn(name = "id", ordinal = 0, type = PrimaryKeyType.PARTITIONED) private String id; // 集群键 @PrimaryKeyColumn(name = "name", ordinal = 1, type = PrimaryKeyType.CLUSTERED, ordering = Ordering.DESCENDING) private String name; public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public String toString() { return "Person2Key [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]"; } }
package com.my.domin.pojo; import org.springframework.data.cassandra.mapping.PrimaryKey; import org.springframework.data.cassandra.mapping.Table; @Table(value = "person2") public class Person2 { @PrimaryKey private Person2Key pKey; private int age; public Person2Key getpKey() { return pKey; } public void setpKey(Person2Key pKey) { this.pKey = pKey; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return "Person2 [pKey=" + pKey + ", age=" + age + "]"; } }
对应的CQL建表语句
CREATE TABLE mydb.person2 (
id text,
name text,
age int,
PRIMARY KEY (id, name)
) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (name DESC)
其中的WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (name DESC) 对应主键类里的ordering = Ordering.DESCENDING,按照name降序存储,只有集群键才能在建表时设置降序存储。
其实还有更加复杂的复合分区键、复合集群键组合成的主键,看懂了上面应该就能举一反三了,而且用的不多,这里就不写了。
定义spring-data接口
package com.my.repository; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.data.cassandra.repository.Query; import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import com.my.domin.pojo.Person2; @Repository public interface PersonRepository extends CrudRepository<Person2, String> { @Query("select * from Person2 where id= ?1 and name= ?2") List<Person2> findByIdAndName(String id, String name); }
我们可以看看继承的CrudRepository这个仓库接口类
/* * Copyright 2008-2011 the original author or authors. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package org.springframework.data.repository; import java.io.Serializable; /** * Interface for generic CRUD operations on a repository for a specific type. * * @author Oliver Gierke * @author Eberhard Wolff */ @NoRepositoryBean public interface CrudRepository<T, ID extends Serializable> extends Repository<T, ID> { /** * Saves a given entity. Use the returned instance for further operations as the save operation might have changed the * entity instance completely. * * @param entity * @return the saved entity */ <S extends T> S save(S entity); /** * Saves all given entities. * * @param entities * @return the saved entities * @throws IllegalArgumentException in case the given entity is {@literal null}. */ <S extends T> Iterable<S> save(Iterable<S> entities); /** * Retrieves an entity by its id. * * @param id must not be {@literal null}. * @return the entity with the given id or {@literal null} if none found * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code id} is {@literal null} */ T findOne(ID id); /** * Returns whether an entity with the given id exists. * * @param id must not be {@literal null}. * @return true if an entity with the given id exists, {@literal false} otherwise * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code id} is {@literal null} */ boolean exists(ID id); /** * Returns all instances of the type. * * @return all entities */ Iterable<T> findAll(); /** * Returns all instances of the type with the given IDs. * * @param ids * @return */ Iterable<T> findAll(Iterable<ID> ids); /** * Returns the number of entities available. * * @return the number of entities */ long count(); /** * Deletes the entity with the given id. * * @param id must not be {@literal null}. * @throws IllegalArgumentException in case the given {@code id} is {@literal null} */ void delete(ID id); /** * Deletes a given entity. * * @param entity * @throws IllegalArgumentException in case the given entity is {@literal null}. */ void delete(T entity); /** * Deletes the given entities. * * @param entities * @throws IllegalArgumentException in case the given {@link Iterable} is {@literal null}. */ void delete(Iterable<? extends T> entities); /** * Deletes all entities managed by the repository. */ void deleteAll(); }
这里面实现了一组CURD方法,如果要写一些条件查询的话可以参考
@Query("select * from Person where id= ?1 and name= ?2 ALLOW FILTERING")
List<Person> findByIdAndName(String id, String name);
这里要注意的是cassandra支持的查询是有限制的,可以参考这篇文章http://zhaoyanblog.com/archives/265.html 。3.0之后的版本改善了许多(如上面的查询3.0以下的版本是不支持的,name为非主键字段),一个是支持了非主键的条件查询,一个是降低了集群键的查询限制条件,这里最好自己在cql中测试一下。
spring-data-cassandra文档里还提到一个分页的仓库接口类PagingAndSortingRepository,这个继承自CrudRepository,而且提供了2个分页方法。但是经过测试是不能用的。。至少我没有测试通过,不知道是没有实现(比较倾向于这个,cassandra分页的确比较麻烦),还是自己没有正确使用。
application.xml配置文件
看名字就知道spring-data-cassandra是和spring一起使用的,下面的配置只是最最基本的,更多的配置选项可以参考 https://my.oschina.net/u/2392555/blog/469893 这篇文章。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:cassandra="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/cassandra" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/cassandra http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/cassandra/spring-cassandra-1.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/cassandra/spring-cql.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/cassandra/spring-cql-1.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd "> <!-- 引入属性文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:cassandra.properties" /> <!-- 自动扫描(自动注入) --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.my" /> <!-- 注解方式配置事物 --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" /> <!-- spring-cassandra --> <cassandra:cluster contact-points="${cassandra_contactpoints}" port="${cassandra_port}" username="${cassandra_username}" password="${cassandra_password}" /> <!-- 当前使用scheam --> <cassandra:session keyspace-name="${cassandra_keyspace}" /> <!-- orm --> <cassandra:mapping /> <!-- 类型转换 --> <cassandra:converter /> <!-- cassandra operater --> <cassandra:template id="cqlTemplate" /> <!-- spring data 接口 --> <cassandra:repositories base-package="com.my.repository" /> </beans>
这个配置文件都有注释,没什么可讲的,唯一要注意的是<cassandra:template id=“cqlTemplate” /> ,官方文档上写的是<cassandra:template id=“cassandraTemplate” />,经过测试官方文档上写的不能使用,改为上面的就好了。
其中cassandra.properties文件配置
#cassandra数据库连接
#节点ip
cassandra_contactpoints=192.168.3.89
#端口
cassandra_port=9042
#当前操作键空间
cassandra_keyspace=mydb
#登录用户名
cassandra_username=cassandra
#登录密码
cassandra_password=cassandra
使用测试
cassandra数据库person表中数据如下:
测试方法:
package com.my.serviceImpl; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.data.cassandra.core.CassandraOperations; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder; import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select; import com.my.domin.pojo.Person; import com.my.repository.PersonRepository; import com.my.service.PersonService; @Service public class PersonServiceImpl implements PersonService { @Autowired private PersonRepository personRepository; @Autowired private CassandraOperations cassandraOperations; @Override public void test() { //通过Repository查询 Iterable<Person> iterable = personRepository.findAll(); Iterator<Person> it = iterable.iterator(); System.out.println("==>findAll:"); while (it.hasNext()) { Person p = it.next(); System.out.println(p.toString()); } //通过Repository 自定义查询查询 List<Person> list = personRepository.findByIdAndName("1", "one"); System.out.println("==>findByIdAndName:"); for (Person person : list) { System.out.println(person.toString()); } //通过cassandraOperations查询 Select select = QueryBuilder.select().from("person"); select.where(QueryBuilder.eq("id", "1")); Person person = cassandraOperations.selectOne(select, Person.class); System.out.println("==>cassandraOperations:"); System.out.println(person.toString()); } }
打印结果
这里面包含2种使用方法,一个是使用自己定义的仓库接口类,另一个是spring-data-cassandra提供的CassandraOperations类。CassandraOperations使用方式很多,上面只是列举了一种,其他具体应用官方文档都有说明。
到这里就告一段落了,官方文档还有很多内容,等有时间再去慢慢看了。
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