鸿蒙开发之Page Ability_鸿蒙page 如何拿到ability

一、Page Ability概述

Page模板（以下简称“Page”）是FA唯一支持的模板，用于提供与用户交互的能力。一个Page可以由一个或多个AbilitySlice构成，AbilitySlice是指应用的单个页面及其控制逻辑的总和。

当一个Page由多个AbilitySlice共同构成时，这些AbilitySlice页面提供的业务能力应具有高度相关性。例如，新闻浏览功能可以通过一个Page来实现，其中包含了两个AbilitySlice：一个AbilitySlice用于展示新闻列表，另一个AbilitySlice用于展示新闻详情。

二、Intent

Intent是对象之间传递信息的载体。例如，当一个Ability需要启动另一个Ability时，或者一个AbilitySlice需要导航到另一个AbilitySlice时，可以通过Intent指定启动的目标同时携带相关数据。Intent的构成元素包括Operation与Parameters。

三、AbilitySlice间导航

当发起导航的AbilitySlice和导航目标的AbilitySlice处于同一个Page时，可以通过present()方法实现导航。

1.创建两个AbilitySlice

Page模板（简称“Page”）是FA唯一支持的模板，用于提供与用户交互的能力。一个Page可以由一个或多个AbilitySlice构成，AbilitySlice是指应用的单个页面及其控制逻辑的总和。

public class AbilitySlice1  extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_abilitySlice1);
    }
}
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public class AbilitySlice2  extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_abilitySlice2);
    }
}
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2.创建两个布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:abilitySlice1"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_ability_my"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="abilitySlice1"
        ohos:text_size="50"
        />
</DirectionalLayout>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:abilitySlice2"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_ability_my"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="abilitySlice2"
        ohos:text_size="50"
        />
</DirectionalLayout>
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3.AbilitySlice路由配置

一个Page可以包含多个AbilitySlice，但是Page进入前台时界面默认只展示一个AbilitySlice。默认展示的AbilitySlice是通过setMainRoute()方法来指定的。如果需要更改默认展示的AbilitySlice，可以通过addActionRoute()方法为此AbilitySlice配置一条路由规则。此时，当其他Page实例期望导航到此AbilitySlice时，可以在Intent中指定Action

setMainRoute()方法与addActionRoute()方法

public class MainAbility extends Ability {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        // set the main route
        super.setMainRoute(MainAbilitySlice.class.getName());

        // set the action route
        addActionRoute("abilitySlice1", AbilitySlice1.class.getName());
        addActionRoute("abilitySlice2", AbilitySlice2.class.getName());
    }
}
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4.注册Action

addActionRoute()方法中使用的动作命名，需要在应用配置文件（config.json）中注册：

    "abilities": [
      {
        "skills": [
          {
            "entities": [
              "entity.system.home"
            ],
            "actions": [
              "action.system.home",
              "abilitySlice1",
              "abilitySlice2"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "orientation": "unspecified",
        "name": "com.example.myapplication.MainAbility",
        "icon": "$media:icon",
        "description": "$string:mainability_description",
        "label": "MyApplication",
        "type": "page",
        "launchType": "standard"
      },
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5.页面间跳转

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);

        //获取xml布局里面的button
        Button button = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_button);

        if (button != null) {
            // 为按钮设置监听事件

            //方式一
//            button.setClickedListener(component -> {
//
//            });

            //方式二
            button.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(Component component) {
                    Intent intent1 = new Intent();
                    present(new AbilitySlice1(),intent1);
                }
            });
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }

}
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6.测试

四、AbilitySlice间参数传递

1.无参数跳转

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);

        //获取xml布局里面的button
        Button button = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_button);

        if (button != null) {
            // 为按钮设置监听事件
            //方式二
            button.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(Component component) {
                    Intent intent1 = new Intent();
                    present(new AbilitySlice1(),intent1);
                }
            });
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}
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2.带参数跳转

产生参数端的AbilitySlice

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);

        //获取xml布局里面的button
        Button button = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_button);

        if (button != null) {
            // 为按钮设置监听事件

            //方式一
//            button.setClickedListener(component -> {
//
//            });

            //方式二
            button.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(Component component) {
                    Intent intent1 = new Intent();
                    intent1.setParam("param","我是传递的参数");
                    present(new AbilitySlice1(),intent1);
                }
            });
        }

    }


    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }

}
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接收参数端的AbilitySlice

public class AbilitySlice1  extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_abilitySlice1);

        Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_abilitySlice1);
        if(intent != null){
            String param = intent.getStringParam("param");
            text.append(": " + param);
        }
    }
}
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3.带参数跳转+返回值

如果希望在用户从导航目标AbilitySlice返回时，能够获得其返回结果，则应当使用presentForResult()实现导航。用户从导航目标AbilitySlice返回时，系统将回调onResult()来接收和处理返回结果，需要重写该方法。返回结果由导航目标AbilitySlice在其生命周期内通过setResult()进行设置。

产生参数与接收返回值的AbilitySlice

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {

    private Text text;

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);

        //获取xml布局里面的button
        Button button = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_button);
        text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text);

        if (button != null) {
            // 为按钮设置监听事件

            //方式一
            button.setClickedListener(component -> {
                Intent intent1 = new Intent();
                intent1.setParam("param", "我是传递的参数");
                presentForResult(new AbilitySlice1(), intent1, 666);
            });
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResult(int requestCode, Intent resultIntent) {
        super.onResult(requestCode, resultIntent);
        if (requestCode == 666) {
            String password = resultIntent.getStringParam("result");
            text.setText("返回值：" + password);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }

}
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接收参数端的AbilitySlice

public class AbilitySlice1  extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_abilitySlice1);

        Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_abilitySlice1);
        if(intent != null){
            String param = intent.getStringParam("param");
            text.append(": " + param);
        }

        //参数接收端对text组件文本值点击
        text.setClickedListener(component -> {
            //给跳转来的页面返回值
            Intent intent1 = new Intent();
            intent1.setParam("result","我是返回的参数");
            setResult(intent1);
            //结束当前AbilityAlice，自动返回上一页
            terminate();
        });
    }
}
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主界面

点击跳转按钮

点击文本组件,自动放回上一页

五、Page间的导航

Page1跳转Page2

1.创建Page MyAbility

public class MyAbility extends Ability {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setMainRoute(MyAbilitySlice.class.getName());
    }
}
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2.创建MyAbilitySlice

public class MyAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        //xml布局
        //super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_my);
        // 1.声明布局
        DependentLayout myLayout = new DependentLayout(this);
        // 2.设置页面布局大小
        myLayout.setWidth(MATCH_PARENT);
        myLayout.setHeight(MATCH_PARENT);
        //3.设置布局背景色
        ShapeElement element = new ShapeElement();
        element.setRgbColor(new RgbColor(255, 255, 255));
        myLayout.setBackground(element);

        // 4.1创建一个文本组件
        Text text = new Text(this);
        text.setText("这是第二张页面");
        text.setTextSize(55);
        text.setTextColor(Color.BLACK);
        // 4.2设置文本的布局
        DependentLayout.LayoutConfig textConfig =
                new DependentLayout.LayoutConfig(MATCH_CONTENT,MATCH_CONTENT);
        textConfig.addRule(DependentLayout.LayoutConfig.CENTER_IN_PARENT);

        text.setLayoutConfig(textConfig);

        //5.将组件添加到布局中
        myLayout.addComponent(text);

        //6.将布局添加到组件树中
        super.setUIContent(myLayout);
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}
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3.MainAbilitySlice设置跳转

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {

    private Text text;

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);

        //获取xml布局里面的button
        Button button = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_button);
        text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text);

        if (button != null) {
            // 为按钮设置监听事件
            button.setClickedListener(component -> {
                //跳转目的地
                Intent secondIntent = new Intent();
                Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                        //方法跳转目的地的设备,"":本机
                        .withDeviceId("")
                        //跳转目标页面所在的应用
                        .withBundleName("com.example.myapplication")
                        //跳转到应用的那个Ability上
                        // .withAbilityName("com.example.myapplication.MyAbility")
                        //跳转到应用的那个Ability上
                        .withAbilityName(".MyAbility")
                        .build();
                secondIntent.setOperation(operation);
                // 通过AbilitySlice的startAbility接口实现从MainAbility跳转到MyAbility页面
                startAbility(secondIntent);
            });
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }

}
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4.config.json注册MyAbility

  {
        "orientation": "unspecified",
        "name": "com.example.myapplication.MyAbility",
        "icon": "$media:icon",
        "description": "$string:myability_description",
        "label": "entry",
        "type": "page",
        "launchType": "standard"
      }
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5.准备XML布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:orientation="vertical"
    ohos:padding="32">
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="this is a text."
        ohos:text_size="25vp"/>
    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:button"
        ohos:margin="50"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button"
        ohos:text="跳转页面"
        ohos:text_size="50"/>
</DirectionalLayout>
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6.启动测试

Page1的AbilitySlice跳转Page2的AbilitySlice

1.MyAbility 添加路由规则

public class MyAbility extends Ability {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setMainRoute(MyAbilitySlice.class.getName());

        // set the action route
        addActionRoute("abilitySlice1", AbilitySlice1.class.getName());
    }
}
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2.创建AbilitySlice1 实例

public class AbilitySlice1  extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_abilitySlice1);
    }
}
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3.创建abilitySlice1.xml布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:abilitySlice1"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_ability_my"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="abilitySlice1"
        ohos:text_size="50"
        />

</DirectionalLayout>
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4.config.json配置Page对应的abilitySlice1实例

 {
        "skills": [
          {
            "actions": [
              "abilitySlice1"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "orientation": "unspecified",
        "name": "com.example.myapplication.MyAbility",
        "icon": "$media:icon",
        "description": "$string:myability_description",
        "label": "entry",
        "type": "page",
        "launchType": "standard"
      }
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5.启动测试

六、不同Page间参数传递

不同Page间参数传递与AbilitySlice间参数传递类似。