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import random
def quick_sort(list_, start, end): if start >= end: return low = start height = end mid = list_[low] # 让最左边的值为中间值,并且赋值给mid变量保存其值 while low < height: ##### 从右到左,找到右边第一个小于mid 的元素位置########### while list_[height] >= mid and low < height: height -= 1 if low < height: list_[low] = list_[height] # 把右边小于mid 的数放到左边 else: list_[low] = mid # 走到此说明已经找到中间值应该在的位置 ##### 从左到右,找到左边一个大于mid 的元素位置####### while list_[low] <= mid and low < height: low += 1 if low < height: list_[height] = list_[low] # 把大于mid的值放到最右边 else: list_[low] = mid # 走到此说明已经找到中间值应该在的位置 # 按照mid 的位置,将列表一分为二,递归快速排序, 此时low == height quick_sort(list_, start, low-1) # 左边 quick_sort(list_, height+1, end) # 右边
li = [random.randint(0,100) for i in range(10)]
print("排序之前:",li)
quick_sort(li, 0, len(li)-1)
print("快速排序之后:", li)
排序之前: [82, 2, 68, 13, 78, 97, 65, 61, 61, 50]
快速排序之后: [2, 13, 50, 61, 61, 65, 68, 78, 82, 97]
# 先定义一个合并两个有序列表成一个有序列表的函数 def merge(left, right): l = 0 r = 0 new_list = [] while True: if left[l] <= right[r]: new_list.append(left[l]) l += 1 else: new_list.append(right[r]) r += 1 if l>= len(left) or r >= len(right): break new_list += left[l:] new_list += right[r:] return new_list
# 先测试一下,merge函数
l1 = [1,3,6,50]
l2 = [2,8,20]
l3 = [23]
a = merge(l1, l2)
a = merge(a,l3)
print(a)
[1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 20, 23, 50]
# 现在写归并排序函数 def merge_sort(list_): n = len(list_) # 如果拆分的列表的长度等于1,说明已经有序,递归结束,返回拆分后的列表 if n <=1 : return list_ # 列表一分为二 l = n // 2 left = list_[:l] right = list_[l:] # 递归拆分 left = merge_sort(left) right = merge_sort(right) # 合并列表。经过上面的递归,函数走到此,说明列表拆分完成,进行合并 return merge(left, right)
# 测试
import random
li = [random.randint(0,100) for i in range(10)]
a = merge_sort(li)
print("排序前:", li)
print('归并排序后:', a)
排序前: [93, 3, 15, 99, 26, 69, 72, 94, 60, 27]
归并排序后: [3, 15, 26, 27, 60, 69, 72, 93, 94, 99]
def insertion_sort(list_):
n = len(list_)
for i in range(1, n): # 0下标时,只有一个元素,所以是有序的,所以从1开始遍历
for j in range(i, 0, -1): # for循环左闭右开,不包含0
if list_[j] < list_[j-1]: # 当j==1时,j-1恰好为0
list_[j], list_[j-1] = list_[j-1], list_[j]
else:
break # 提前退出遍历,因为前面的元素已经有序
import random
li = [random.randint(0, 100) for i in range(10)]
print("排序前:", li)
insertion_sort(li)
print("插入排序后:", li)
排序前: [65, 91, 49, 54, 84, 50, 32, 39, 68, 4]
插入排序后: [4, 32, 39, 49, 50, 54, 65, 68, 84, 91]
def shell_sort(list_): n = len(list_) step = n // 2 # 初始步长 while step >=1: for i in range(step, n): # for循环是左闭右开,为了i==step时能取step值,所以右边设置为step-1,同时避免下标为负数的情况 for j in range(i, step-1, -step): if list_[j] < list_[j-step]: list_[j] , list_[j-step] = list_[j-step], list_[j] else: break step = step // 2
# 测试
import random
li = [random.randint(0,100) for i in range(10)]
print("排序前:", li)
shell_sort(li)
print("希尔排序后:", li)
排序前: [86, 93, 25, 36, 34, 79, 62, 59, 43, 34]
希尔排序后: [25, 34, 34, 36, 43, 59, 62, 79, 86, 93]
def selection_sort(list_):
n = len(list_)
for i in range(n-1):
min_index = i
for j in range(i, n):
if list_[j] < list_[min_index]:
min_index = j
if min_index != i:
list_[i], list_[min_index] = list_[min_index], list_[i]
# 测试
import random
li = [random.randint(0, 100) for i in range(10)]
print("排序前:", li)
selection_sort(li)
print("选择排序后:", li)
排序前: [87, 78, 89, 1, 20, 50, 12, 100, 6, 65]
选择排序后: [1, 6, 12, 20, 50, 65, 78, 87, 89, 100]
def bubble_sort(list_):
n = len(list_)
for i in range(n-1):
is_sorted = True
for j in range(n-1-i):
if list_[j] > list_[j+1]:
list_[j], list_[j+1] = list_[j+1], list_[j]
is_sorted = False
if is_sorted:
break
# 测试
import random
li = [random.randint(0,100) for i in range(10)]
print("排序前:", li)
bubble_sort(li)
print("冒泡排序后:",li)
排序前: [85, 64, 12, 7, 34, 88, 16, 24, 50, 33]
冒泡排序后: [7, 12, 16, 24, 33, 34, 50, 64, 85, 88]
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