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开放封闭原则(Open Close Principle)
里氏代换原则(Liskov Substitution Principle)
依赖倒转原则(Dependence Inversion Principle)
接口隔离原则(Interface Segregation Principle)
迪米特法则(最少知道原则)(Demeter Principle)
单一职责原则(Principle of single responsibility)
优点:
缺点:
private static boolean flag = false;
private Singleton() {
if (flag == false) {
flag = !flag;
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("单例模式被侵犯!");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
}
(主要使用懒汉和懒汉式)
package com.lijie;
//饿汉式
public class Demo1 {
// 类初始化时,会立即加载该对象,线程安全,调用效率高
private static Demo1 demo1 = new Demo1();
private Demo1() {
System.out.println("私有Demo1构造参数初始化");
}
public static Demo1 getInstance() {
return demo1;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Demo1 s1 = Demo1.getInstance();
Demo1 s2 = Demo1.getInstance();
System.out.println(s1 == s2);
}
}
2.懒汉式
package com.lijie;
//懒汉式
public class Demo2 {
//类初始化时,不会初始化该对象,真正需要使用的时候才会创建该对象。
private static Demo2 demo2;
private Demo2() {
System.out.println("私有Demo2构造参数初始化");
}
public synchronized static Demo2 getInstance() {
if (demo2 == null) {
demo2 = new Demo2();
}
return demo2;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Demo2 s1 = Demo2.getInstance();
Demo2 s2 = Demo2.getInstance();
System.out.println(s1 == s2);
}
}
3.静态内部类
package com.lijie;
// 静态内部类方式
public class Demo3 {
private Demo3() {
System.out.println("私有Demo3构造参数初始化");
}
public static class SingletonClassInstance {
private static final Demo3 DEMO_3 = new Demo3();
}
// 方法没有同步
public static Demo3 getInstance() {
return SingletonClassInstance.DEMO_3;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Demo3 s1 = Demo3.getInstance();
Demo3 s2 = Demo3.getInstance();
System.out.println(s1 == s2);
}
}
4.枚举单例式
package com.lijie;
//使用枚举实现单例模式 优点:实现简单、枚举本身就是单例,由jvm从根本上提供保障!避免通过反射和反序列化的漏洞 缺点没有延迟加载
public class Demo4 {
public static Demo4 getInstance() {
return Demo.INSTANCE.getInstance();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Demo4 s1 = Demo4.getInstance();
Demo4 s2 = Demo4.getInstance();
System.out.println(s1 == s2);
}
//定义枚举
private static enum Demo {
INSTANCE;
// 枚举元素为单例
private Demo4 demo4;
private Demo() {
System.out.println("枚举Demo私有构造参数");
demo4 = new Demo4();
}
public Demo4 getInstance() {
return demo4;
}
}
}
5.双重检测锁方式
package com.lijie;
//双重检测锁方式
public class Demo5 {
private static Demo5 demo5;
private Demo5() {
System.out.println("私有Demo4构造参数初始化");
}
public static Demo5 getInstance() {
if (demo5 == null) {
synchronized (Demo5.class) {
if (demo5 == null) {
demo5 = new Demo5();
}
}
}
return demo5;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Demo5 s1 = Demo5.getInstance();
Demo5 s2 = Demo5.getInstance();
System.out.println(s1 == s2);
}
}
1.Spring IOC
2.为什么Spring IOC要使用工厂设计模式创建Bean呢
工厂模式分为简单工厂、工厂方法、抽象工厂模式
简单工厂 :用来生产同一等级结构中的任意产品。(不支持拓展增加产品)
工厂方法 :用来生产同一等级结构中的固定产品。(支持拓展增加产品)
抽象工厂 :用来生产不同产品族的全部产品。(不支持拓展增加产品;支持增加产品族)
我下面来使用代码演示一下:
什么是简单工厂模式
代码演示:
package com.lijie;
public interface Car {
public void run();
}
package com.lijie;
public class Bmw implements Car {
public void run() {
System.out.println("我是宝马汽车...");
}
}
package com.lijie;
public class AoDi implements Car {
public void run() {
System.out.println("我是奥迪汽车..");
}
}
package com.lijie;
public class CarFactory {
public static Car createCar(String name) {
if ("".equals(name)) {
return null;
}
if(name.equals("奥迪")){
return new AoDi();
}
if(name.equals("宝马")){
return new Bmw();
}
return null;
}
}
package com.lijie;
public class Client01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Car aodi =CarFactory.createCar("奥迪");
Car bmw =CarFactory.createCar("宝马");
aodi.run();
bmw.run();
}
}
单工厂的优点/缺点
什么是工厂方法模式
package com.lijie;
public interface Car {
public void run();
}
package com.lijie;
public interface CarFactory {
Car createCar();
}
package com.lijie;
public class AoDi implements Car {
public void run() {
System.out.println("我是奥迪汽车..");
}
}
package com.lijie;
public class Bmw implements Car {
public void run() {
System.out.println("我是宝马汽车...");
}
}
package com.lijie;
public class AoDiFactory implements CarFactory {
public Car createCar() {
return new AoDi();
}
}
package com.lijie;
public class BmwFactory implements CarFactory {
public Car createCar() {
return new Bmw();
}
}
package com.lijie;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Car aodi = new AoDiFactory().createCar();
Car jili = new BmwFactory().createCar();
aodi.run();
jili.run();
}
}
什么是抽象工厂模式
package com.lijie;
//汽车
public interface Car {
void run();
}
class CarA implements Car{
public void run() {
System.out.println("宝马");
}
}
class CarB implements Car{
public void run() {
System.out.println("摩拜");
}
}
package com.lijie;
//发动机
public interface Engine {
void run();
}
class EngineA implements Engine {
public void run() {
System.out.println("转的快!");
}
}
class EngineB implements Engine {
public void run() {
System.out.println("转的慢!");
}
}
package com.lijie;
public interface TotalFactory {
// 创建汽车
Car createChair();
// 创建发动机
Engine createEngine();
}
//总工厂实现类,由他决定调用哪个工厂的那个实例
class TotalFactoryReally implements TotalFactory {
public Engine createEngine() {
return new EngineA();
}
public Car createChair() {
return new CarA();
}
}
package com.lijie;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TotalFactory totalFactory2 = new TotalFactoryReally();
Car car = totalFactory2.createChair();
car.run();
TotalFactory totalFactory = new TotalFactoryReally();
Engine engine = totalFactory.createEngine();
engine.run();
}
}
什么是静态代理
package com.lijie;
//接口类
public class UserDao{
public void save() {
System.out.println("保存数据方法");
}
}
package com.lijie;
//运行测试类
public class Test{
public static void main(String[] args) {
UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
userDao.save();
}
}
修改代码,添加代理类
package com.lijie;
//代理类
public class UserDaoProxy extends UserDao {
private UserDao userDao;
public UserDaoProxy(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
public void save() {
System.out.println("开启事物...");
userDao.save();
System.out.println("关闭事物...");
}
}
//添加完静态代理的测试类
public class Test{
public static void main(String[] args) {
UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
UserDaoProxy userDaoProxy = new UserDaoProxy(userDao);
userDaoProxy.save();
}
}
缺点:每个需要代理的对象都需要自己重复编写代理,很不舒服,
优点:但是可以面相实际对象或者是接口的方式实现代理
什么是动态代理
package com.lijie;
//接口
public interface UserDao {
void save();
}
package com.lijie;
//接口实现类
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
public void save() {
System.out.println("保存数据方法");
}
}
package com.lijie;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
// 每次生成动态代理类对象时,实现了InvocationHandler接口的调用处理器对象
public class InvocationHandlerImpl implements InvocationHandler {
// 这其实业务实现类对象,用来调用具体的业务方法
private Object target;
// 通过构造函数传入目标对象
public InvocationHandlerImpl(Object target) {
this.target = target;
}
//动态代理实际运行的代理方法
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("调用开始处理");
//下面invoke()方法是以反射的方式来创建对象,第一个参数是要创建的对象,第二个是构成方法的参数,由第二个参数来决定创建对象使用哪个构造方法
Object result = method.invoke(target, args);
System.out.println("调用结束处理");
return result;
}
}
package com.lijie;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 被代理对象
UserDao userDaoImpl = new UserDaoImpl();
InvocationHandlerImpl invocationHandlerImpl = new
InvocationHandlerImpl(userDaoImpl);
//类加载器
ClassLoader loader = userDaoImpl.getClass().getClassLoader();
Class<?>[] interfaces = userDaoImpl.getClass().getInterfaces();
// 主要装载器、一组接口及调用处理动态代理实例
UserDao newProxyInstance = (UserDao) Proxy.newProxyInstance(loader,
interfaces, invocationHandlerImpl);
newProxyInstance.save();
}
}
CGLIB动态代理原理:
代码演示:
package com.lijie;
//接口
public interface UserDao {
void save();
}
package com.lijie;
//接口实现类
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
public void save() {
System.out.println("保存数据方法");
}
}
package com.lijie;
import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.Enhancer;
import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;
import org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
//代理主要类
public class CglibProxy implements MethodInterceptor {
private Object targetObject;
// 这里的目标类型为Object,则可以接受任意一种参数作为被代理类,实现了动态代理
public Object getInstance(Object target) {
// 设置需要创建子类的类
this.targetObject = target;
Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
enhancer.setSuperclass(target.getClass());
enhancer.setCallback(this);
return enhancer.create();
}
//代理实际方法
public Object intercept(Object obj, Method method, Object[] args, MethodProxy proxy) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("开启事物");
Object result = proxy.invoke(targetObject, args);
System.out.println("关闭事物");
// 返回代理对象
return result;
}
}
package com.lijie;
//测试CGLIB动态代理
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CglibProxy cglibProxy = new CglibProxy();
UserDao userDao = (UserDao) cglibProxy.getInstance(new UserDaoImpl());
userDao.save();
}
}
建造者模式通常包括下面几个角色:
使用场景:
package com.lijie;
//装备类
public class Arms {
//头盔
private String helmet;
//铠甲
private String armor;
//武器
private String weapon;
//省略Git和Set方法...........
}
package com.lijie;
public interface PersonBuilder {
void builderHelmetMurder();
void builderArmorMurder();
void builderWeaponMurder();
void builderHelmetYanLong();
void builderArmorYanLong();
void builderWeaponYanLong();
Arms BuilderArms(); //组装
}
package com.lijie;
public class ArmsBuilder implements PersonBuilder {
private Arms arms;
//创建一个Arms实例,用于调用set方法
public ArmsBuilder() {
arms = new Arms();
}
public void builderHelmetMurder() {
arms.setHelmet("夺命头盔");
}
public void builderArmorMurder() {
arms.setArmor("夺命铠甲");
}
public void builderWeaponMurder() {
arms.setWeapon("夺命宝刀");
}
public void builderHelmetYanLong() {
arms.setHelmet("炎龙头盔");
}
public void builderArmorYanLong() {
arms.setArmor("炎龙铠甲");
}
public void builderWeaponYanLong() {
arms.setWeapon("炎龙宝刀");
}
public Arms BuilderArms() {
return arms;
}
}
package com.lijie;
public class PersonDirector {
//组装
public Arms constructPerson(PersonBuilder pb) {
pb.builderHelmetYanLong();
pb.builderArmorMurder();
pb.builderWeaponMurder();
return pb.BuilderArms();
}
//这里进行测试
public static void main(String[] args) {
PersonDirector pb = new PersonDirector();
Arms arms = pb.constructPerson(new ArmsBuilder());
System.out.println(arms.getHelmet());
System.out.println(arms.getArmor());
System.out.println(arms.getWeapon());
}
}
例如:
package com.lijie;
//模板方法
public abstract class RestaurantTemplate {
// 1.看菜单
public void menu() {
System.out.println("看菜单");
}
// 2.点菜业务
abstract void spotMenu();
// 3.吃饭业务
public void havingDinner(){ System.out.println("吃饭"); }
// 3.付款业务
abstract void payment();
// 3.走人
public void GoR() { System.out.println("走人"); }
//模板通用结构
public void process(){
menu();
spotMenu();
havingDinner();
payment();
GoR();
}
}
package com.lijie;
public class RestaurantGinsengImpl extends RestaurantTemplate {
void spotMenu() {
System.out.println("人参");
}
void payment() {
System.out.println("5快");
}
}
package com.lijie;
public class RestaurantLobsterImpl extends RestaurantTemplate {
void spotMenu() {
System.out.println("龙虾");
}
void payment() {
System.out.println("50块");
}
}
package com.lijie;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//调用第一个模板实例
RestaurantTemplate restaurantTemplate = new RestaurantGinsengImpl();
restaurantTemplate.process();
}
}
package com.lijie;
//阿里短信消息
public interface AliSmsService {
void sendSms();
}
package com.lijie;
public class AliSmsServiceImpl implements AliSmsService {
public void sendSms() {
System.out.println("阿里短信消息");
}
}
package com.lijie;
//发送邮件消息
public interface EamilSmsService {
void sendSms();
}
package com.lijie;
public class EamilSmsServiceImpl implements EamilSmsService{
public void sendSms() {
System.out.println("发送邮件消息");
}
}
package com.lijie;
//微信消息推送
public interface WeiXinSmsService {
void sendSms();
}
package com.lijie;
public class WeiXinSmsServiceImpl implements WeiXinSmsService {
public void sendSms() {
System.out.println("发送微信消息推送");
}
}
package com.lijie;
public class Computer {
AliSmsService aliSmsService;
EamilSmsService eamilSmsService;
WeiXinSmsService weiXinSmsService;
public Computer() {
aliSmsService = new AliSmsServiceImpl();
eamilSmsService = new EamilSmsServiceImpl();
weiXinSmsService = new WeiXinSmsServiceImpl();
}
//只需要调用它
public void sendMsg() {
aliSmsService.sendSms();
eamilSmsService.sendSms();
weiXinSmsService.sendSms();
}
}
package com.lijie;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//普通模式需要这样
AliSmsService aliSmsService = new AliSmsServiceImpl();
EamilSmsService eamilSmsService = new EamilSmsServiceImpl();
WeiXinSmsService weiXinSmsService = new WeiXinSmsServiceImpl();
aliSmsService.sendSms();
eamilSmsService.sendSms();
weiXinSmsService.sendSms();
//利用外观模式简化方法
new Computer().sendMsg();
}
}
我们Spring框架中的多例就是使用原型。
package com.lijie;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class User implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private String password;
private ArrayList<String> phones;
protected User clone() {
try {
User user = (User) super.clone();
//重点,如果要连带引用类型一起复制,需要添加底下一条代码,如果不加就对于是复制了引用地址
user.phones = (ArrayList<String>) this.phones.clone();//设置深复制
return user;
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
//省略所有属性Git Set方法......
}
package com.lijie;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建User原型对象
User user = new User();
user.setName("李三");
user.setPassword("123456");
ArrayList<String> phones = new ArrayList<>();
phones.add("17674553302");
user.setPhones(phones);
//copy一个user对象,并且对象的属性
User user2 = user.clone();
user2.setPassword("654321");
//查看俩个对象是否是一个
System.out.println(user == user2);
//查看属性内容
System.out.println(user.getName() + " | " + user2.getName());
System.out.println(user.getPassword() + " | " + user2.getPassword());
//查看对于引用类型拷贝
System.out.println(user.getPhones() == user2.getPhones());
}
}
//默认引用类型为浅复制,这是设置了深复制
user.phones = (ArrayList<String>) this.phones.clone();
package com.lijie;
//策略模式 定义抽象方法 所有支持公共接口
abstract class PayStrategy {
// 支付逻辑方法
abstract void algorithmInterface();
}
package com.lijie;
class PayStrategyA extends PayStrategy {
void algorithmInterface() {
System.out.println("微信支付");
}
}
package com.lijie;
class PayStrategyB extends PayStrategy {
void algorithmInterface() {
System.out.println("支付宝支付");
}
}
package com.lijie;
class PayStrategyC extends PayStrategy {
void algorithmInterface() {
System.out.println("银联支付");
}
}
package com.lijie;// 使用上下文维护算法策略
class Context {
PayStrategy strategy;
public Context(PayStrategy strategy) {
this.strategy = strategy;
}
public void algorithmInterface() {
strategy.algorithmInterface();
}
}
package com.lijie;
class ClientTestStrategy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Context context;
//使用支付逻辑A
context = new Context(new PayStrategyA());
context.algorithmInterface();
//使用支付逻辑B
context = new Context(new PayStrategyB());
context.algorithmInterface();
//使用支付逻辑C
context = new Context(new PayStrategyC());
context.algorithmInterface();
}
}
实现有两种方式:
package com.lijie;
//观察者的接口,用来存放观察者共有方法
public interface Observer {
// 观察者方法
void update(int state);
}
package com.lijie;
// 具体观察者
public class ObserverImpl implements Observer {
// 具体观察者的属性
private int myState;
public void update(int state) {
myState=state;
System.out.println("收到消息,myState值改为:"+state);
}
public int getMyState() {
return myState;
}
}
package com.lijie;
import java.util.Vector;
//定义主题,以及定义观察者数组,并实现增、删及通知操作。
public class Subjecct {
//观察者的存储集合,不推荐ArrayList,线程不安全,
private Vector<Observer> list = new Vector<>();
// 注册观察者方法
public void registerObserver(Observer obs) {
list.add(obs);
}
// 删除观察者方法
public void removeObserver(Observer obs) {
list.remove(obs);
}
// 通知所有的观察者更新
public void notifyAllObserver(int state) {
for (Observer observer : list) {
observer.update(state);
}
}
}
package com.lijie;
//具体主题
public class RealObserver extends Subjecct {
//被观察对象的属性
private int state;
public int getState(){
return state;
}
public void setState(int state){
this.state=state;
//主题对象(目标对象)值发生改变
this.notifyAllObserver(state);
}
}
package com.lijie;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 目标对象
RealObserver subject = new RealObserver();
// 创建多个观察者
ObserverImpl obs1 = new ObserverImpl();
ObserverImpl obs2 = new ObserverImpl();
ObserverImpl obs3 = new ObserverImpl();
// 注册到观察队列中
subject.registerObserver(obs1);
subject.registerObserver(obs2);
subject.registerObserver(obs3);
// 改变State状态
subject.setState(300);
System.out.println("obs1观察者的MyState状态值为:"+obs1.getMyState());
System.out.println("obs2观察者的MyState状态值为:"+obs2.getMyState());
System.out.println("obs3观察者的MyState状态值为:"+obs3.getMyState());
// 改变State状态
subject.setState(400);
System.out.println("obs1观察者的MyState状态值为:"+obs1.getMyState());
System.out.println("obs2观察者的MyState状态值为:"+obs2.getMyState());
System.out.println("obs3观察者的MyState状态值为:"+obs3.getMyState());
}
}
史上最全Java面试宝典,BAT大厂面试必备。整理不易,建议先关注点赞加收藏
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