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4.while for control+[/] 左/右缩进 (缩进是四个空格)
首先是编译器的简单操作,这里我选择的是jupyter notebook。下面是常用到的三个简单快捷键:
选中代码块使其变为蓝色,之后输入快捷键。
dd delet
shift+enter光标移动/ctrl+enter run
m markdown
下面是python的基础语法!
- print(1)
- print('yi')
- print("i'm")
- print('i\'m')
- print('a'+'b')
输出: 1 yi i'm i'm ab
2**3
8
- i=0
- while(i<3):
- print(i)
- i=i+1
- for i in range(1,5):
- print(i)
输出:0 1 2 1 2 3 4
- if a>b:
- print()
-
- if a>b:
- print()
- else:
- print()
-
- if a>b:
- print()
- elif a=b:
- print()
- elif ...:
- .
- .
- .
- else:
- print()
- def function(a,b):
- x=a+b
- print(x)
- function(3,4)
输出:7
函数默认参数的定义
- def default_fun(a,b=3):
- x=a+b
- print(x)
- default_fun(2)
输出:5
默认参数右边不能有需赋值的参数
- def default_fun(a=3,b):
- x=a+b
- print(x)
- default_fun(2)
报错 SyntaxError: non-default argument follows default argument
- text="1,2,3"
- file=open('text.txt','w')
- file.write(text)
- file.close()
- append="\nhello world"
- file=open('text.txt','a')
- file.write(append)
- file.close()
- file=open('text.txt','r')
- a=file.read()
- print(a)
输出:
1,2,3 hello world
- class calculator:
- price=18
- brand="casco"
- def add(self,x,y):
- result=x+y
- print(result)
- def show(self):#self
- print(self.price)
- calculator1=calculator()
- calculator1.add(3,5)
- calculator1.show()
输出
8 18
记住self和this指针类似不要忘记写
- class calculator:
-
- def __init__(self,name,price,brand,size):##init function
- self.n=name
- self.p=price
- self.b=brand
- self.s=size
- def show(self):
- print(self.n,self.p,self.b,self.s)
- calculator2=calculator('q',3,'y',2)
- calculator2.show()
- calculator2.n
- class calculator:
-
- def __init__(self,name='e',price=8,brand='u',size=7):##init function default
- self.n=name
- self.p=price
- self.b=brand
- self.s=size
- def show(self):
- print(self.n,self.p,self.b,self.s)
- calculator2=calculator()
- calculator2.show()
输出:e 8 u 7
- a=input()
- if a=='1':##input 默认字符串输入可强制类型转换
- print('yes')
- else:
- print('no')
输出
1 yes
- a_tuple=(1,2,3,4,5,6)
- a_list=[7,6,5,4,3,2]
- for i in a_tuple:
- print(i) # i
- for i in range(len(a_list)):
- print(a_list[i]) #[ ]
- a_list=[7,6,5,4,3,2]
- a_list.append('a')
- print(a_list)
- a_list.insert(3,'h')
- print(a_list)
- a_list.remove('h')
- print(a_list)
- print(a_list[-1])
- print(a_list[2:4]) #2-3
- print(a_list.index('a')) # index
- b_list=[1,8,5,8,9,2]
- b_list.sort()
- print(b_list) #small->big
- b_list.sort(reverse=True)
- print(b_list) #big->small
输出:
[7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 'a'] [7, 6, 5, 'h', 4, 3, 2, 'a'] [7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 'a'] a [5, 4] 6 [1, 2, 5, 8, 8, 9] [9, 8, 8, 5, 2, 1]
多维列表
- a_multi_list=[
- [1,2,3],
- [4,5,6],
- [7,8,9]
- ]
- print(a_multi_list[0][0]) #[a][b]
- diction={'key1':'value1','key2':'value2','key3':'value3'}
- print(diction['key2'])
- del diction['key2']
- print(diction)#字典中value可以是元组 列表 函数 字典。。
输出:
value2 {'key1': 'value1', 'key3': 'value3'}
- import time as t
- print(t.localtime())
输出:
time.struct_time(tm_year=2022, tm_mon=6, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=19, tm_min=57, tm_sec=2, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=177, tm_isdst=0)
- while True:
- b=input()
- if b=='1':
- print('end')
- break
- else:
- print('go on')
- while True:
- b=input()
- if b=='1':
- print('end')
- continue
- else:
- print('go on')
zip:
- a=[1,2,3]
- b=[4,5,6]
- zip(a,b)
- list(zip(a,b))
[(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
- a=[1,2,3]
- b=[4,5,6] # 1 2 3
- zip(a,b,b) # 4 5 6
- list(zip(a,b,b)) # 4 5 6
[(1, 4, 4), (2, 5, 5), (3, 6, 6)]
lambda 的作用和函数类似
- def plus(x,y):
- return(x+y)
- plus(2,6)
7
- plus2=lambda x,y:x+y
- plus2(4,3)
7
map:
- def plus(x,y):
- return(x+y)
- map(plus,[1],[2])
- list(map(plus,[1],[2]))
[3]
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