linux环境安装mysql_mysql8.3下载与安装linux

linux环境下安装mysql

linux环境下安装mysql压缩包，MySQL8

创建 /usr/local/mysql

mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
1

将下载好的mysql压缩包放到/usr/local/mysql

cp /mysql/mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz /usr/local/mysql
1

解压压缩包

#解压.gz文件
tar xvf firename
tar zxvf firename
#解压.zip文件
unzip firename
unzip -d /nginx/ firename
#解压tar.xz文件
tar   xvJf   ***.tar.xz
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

解压至/usr/local/mysql中

tar -xvJf  /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C /usr/local/mysql
1

修改文件夹名称

mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
/usr/local/mysql/
1
2

创建mysql用户组

groupadd mysql
1

添加mysql用户

useradd -g mysql mysql
1

授权用户

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
1

新建 /etc/my.cnf

vim /etc/my.cnf
1

[client]  
default-character-set=utf8mb4  
#password   = your_password  
port        = 3306 
socket      = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock  

# The MySQL server   
[mysqld]  

#配置mysql的文件夹 和 mysql data目录
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
default-storage-engine=INNODB  
character-set-server=utf8mb4  
collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci  
port        = 3306 
socket      = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock  
skip-external-locking  
key_buffer_size = 16K  
max_allowed_packet = 64M  
table_open_cache = 4 
sort_buffer_size = 64K  
read_buffer_size = 256K  
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K  
net_buffer_length = 2K  
thread_stack = 128K  
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id   = 1 

# Uncomment the following if you want to log updates  
#log-bin=mysql-bin  

# binary logging format - mixed recommended  
#binlog_format=mixed  

[mysqldump]  
quick  
max_allowed_packet = 64M  

[mysql]  
default-character-set = utf8mb4
no-auto-rehash  
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL  
#safe-updates  

[myisamchk]  
key_buffer_size = 8M  
sort_buffer_size = 8M  

[mysqlhotcopy]  
interactive-timeout 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51

初始化基础信息，最后一行后面会有个随机的初始密码保存下来一会登录要用(如果忘记了就删掉data重新初始化)

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
1
2

这里如果报错
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

#是因为没有安装链接库，出现该问题首先检查该链接库文件有没有安装使用 rpm -qa|grep libaio命令进行核查运行该命令后发现系统中无该链接库文件使用命令，安装----》
#执行如下命令后重新初始化即可解决
yum install -y libaio

#初始化之后将出现如下信息
#记住这个默认密码 Pt6e(#znv!id
2023-05-12T03:50:36.802236Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2023-05-12T03:50:38.958183Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2023-05-12T03:50:40.554667Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Pt6e(#znv!id
1
2
3
4
5

将mysql命令添加到服务

#将mysql命令添加到服务
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
#配置mysql service启动
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
1
2
3
4

启动数据库

ps -ef |grep mysql #检查数据库是否启动
service mysql start   #启动MySQL
1
2

连接数据库

#bin目录下  /usr/local/mysql/bin
./mysql -uroot -p
**密码就是刚才记得默认密码**
1
2
3

修改数据库密码

#登录进入数据库后执行如下命令
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';

#然后再执行刷新
flush privileges;
1
2
3
4
5

开放外网可以访问（如果不设置 用可视化工具连接数据库会报 1103错误）

#use mysql
update user set host='%' where user='root';
#刷新
flush privileges;
1
2
3
4

到此数据库安装步骤完成，下面是扩展
*********========================================
*********========================================
*********========================================
*********========================================
*********========================================
添加数据库用户

CREATE USER 'admin'@'host' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin';
1

授权

mysql>grant all privileges on . to '用户'@'%' identified by '密码';
mysql>flush privileges;
1
2

查看mysql端口

show global variables like 'port';
1

开放端口限制（防火墙）

firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
1
2

常用命令

service mysql start   #启动MySQL
service mysql stop    #停止MySQL
service mysql restart #重启MySQL
service mysql status  #查看MySQL状态
1
2
3
4

查看mysql是否已安装

rpm -qa | grep mysql
1

查看mysql服务是否启动

ps -ef |grep mysql
1

安装mysql 可能会用到的命令

cat /etc/passwd #查看所有的用户信息

cat /etc/passwd|grep mysql #用户名，用于查找某个用户

cat /etc/group #查看所有组信息

cat /etc/group|grep mysql #组名，用于查找某个用户组

groups #查看当前登录用户的组内成员
groups test #查看test用户所在的组,以及组内成员
whoami #查看当前登录用户名
userdel -r mysql #删除用户

id mysql #查看用户mysql相关信息

#修改mysql 环境变量：
vi  /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18