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这一篇文章中将具体讲述如何用HAL库配置PWM输出,用LED实现一个呼吸灯。
首先使用STM32CubeMX新建一个工程,选择合适的芯片,笔者选用的是正点原子mini开发板,选择STM32F103RCT6,创建工程。
这一部分可以参照跑马灯那一篇文章2.1和2.2两节进行配置,本文不再赘述。
在跑马灯中2.3一节中我们介绍了LED0的相关硬件电路。除了简单的输出,PA8这个IO口还可以作为TIM1_CH1来使用。我们将PA9配置为TIM1_CH1:
然后在TIM1中进行配置:
具体参数设置如下:
关注几个参数:
这一部分同样可以参照跑马灯第3章进行配置,本文不再赘述。
本次的目标功能是通过改变PWM的CCR来实现呼吸灯。呼吸灯需要不断改变亮灭,即不断改变CCR的值并设置,需要定义一个变量用于代表CCR的值。此外,为了实现周期性变化,我们还需要定义一个用于标志状态的变量:
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
uint16_t pwmValue=0;
uint8_t dir=0;
/* USER CODE END PV */
改变的过程可以在中断中操作,也可以直接在while(1)中进行。为了方便,选择后者的方式。当dir=0时,灯由暗变亮;当dir=1时,灯由亮变暗。当灯亮到一定程度时,dir由0变为1;当灯暗到一定程度时,dir由1变为0。这样,呼吸灯的效果就完成了。代码如下:
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
if(dir==0)
{
pwmValue+=5;
if(pwmValue==500)
dir=1;
}
else
{
pwmValue-=5;
if(pwmValue==0)
dir=0;
}
__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1,pwmValue);
HAL_Delay(10);
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
这样,一个简单的PWM输出就编写完成了。
烧录到开发板上,LED实现呼吸灯效果。
(1)PWM的有效电平不一定是1,也可能是0,这个是自己设定的;
(2)用户可以通过调节PSC、ARR的值,以及pwmValue为多少时dir的值改变,来调节呼吸灯的快慢和亮暗。
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
uint16_t pwmValue=0;
uint8_t dir=0;
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_TIM1_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1);
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
if(dir==0)
{
pwmValue+=5;
if(pwmValue==500)
dir=1;
}
else
{
pwmValue-=5;
if(pwmValue==0)
dir=0;
}
__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1,pwmValue);
HAL_Delay(10);
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
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