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被static修饰的类的变量,也称为静态变量。非静态变量也称为实例变量
静态变量和实例变量的区别是:
public class MyStatic {
// 静态变量
private static int index = 0;
// 实例变量
private int count = 0;
public void inc() {
index++;
count++;
}
public String get() {
return "静态变量index = " + index + ", 实例变量count = " + count;
}
}
/**
* index是静态变量
* count是实例变量
* */
public class StaticVariableTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyStatic myStatic1 = new MyStatic();
MyStatic myStatic2 = new MyStatic();
MyStatic myStatic3 = new MyStatic();
myStatic1.inc();
System.out.println("myStatic1的index、count增加1:");
System.out.println("myStatic1的" + myStatic1.get());
System.out.println("myStatic2的" + myStatic2.get());
System.out.println("myStatic3的" + myStatic3.get() + "\n");
myStatic2.inc();
System.out.println("myStatic2的index、count增加1:");
System.out.println("myStatic1的" + myStatic1.get());
System.out.println("myStatic2的" + myStatic2.get());
System.out.println("myStatic3的" + myStatic3.get() + "\n");
myStatic3.inc();
System.out.println("myStatic3的index、count增加1:");
System.out.println("myStatic1的" + myStatic1.get());
System.out.println("myStatic2的" + myStatic2.get());
System.out.println("myStatic3的" + myStatic3.get());
}
}
运行结果:
可以看出:
myStatic1的index、count增加1:
myStatic1的静态变量index = 1, 实例变量count = 1
myStatic2的静态变量index = 1, 实例变量count = 0
myStatic3的静态变量index = 1, 实例变量count = 0
myStatic2的index、count增加1:
myStatic1的静态变量index = 2, 实例变量count = 1
myStatic2的静态变量index = 2, 实例变量count = 1
myStatic3的静态变量index = 2, 实例变量count = 0
myStatic3的index、count增加1:
myStatic1的静态变量index = 3, 实例变量count = 1
myStatic2的静态变量index = 3, 实例变量count = 1
myStatic3的静态变量index = 3, 实例变量count = 1
静态变量虽然独立于对象,但是不代表不可以通过对象实例去访问,所有的静态方法和静态变量都可以通过对象实例访问(只要访问权限足够)。
this表示当前对象实例,而static静态变量被所有对象所共享,所以可以通过this访问静态变量
public class StaticVariable {
public static int index = 1;
public static void main(String[] args) {
StaticVariable staticVariable = new StaticVariable();
staticVariable.get();
}
private void get() {
int index = 2;
System.out.println(this.index);
}
}
运行结果:
Java中的static关键字不会影响到变量或者方法的作用域。在Java中能够影响到访问权限的只有private、public、protected(包括包访问权限)这几个关键字
public class MyStatic {
public static int index1 = 1;
// 静态变量
private static int index2 = 0;
}
public class StaticVariableTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(MyStatic.index1);
System.out.println(MyStatic.index2);
}
}
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