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容器镜像安全漏洞扫描-Trivy_镜像安全扫描
作者：酷酷是懒虫 | 2024-07-02 19:46:18
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镜像安全扫描
一、Trivy 概述
Trivy（tri 发音为 trigger，vy 发音为 envy）是一个简单而全面的漏洞/错误配置扫描器，用于容器和其他工件。软件漏洞是软件或操作系统中存在的故障、缺陷或弱点。Trivy 检测操作系统包（Alpine、RHEL、CentOS 等）和特定语言包（Bundler、Composer、npm、yarn 等）的漏洞。此外，Trivy 会扫描基础设施即代码 (IaC) 文件，例如 Terraform 和 Kubernetes，以检测使您的部署面临攻击风险的潜在配置问题。Trivy 易于使用。只需安装二进制文件，您就可以开始扫描了。扫描所需要做的就是指定一个目标，例如容器的图像名称。
Trivy 检测两种类型的安全问题 ：
-
漏洞
-
配置错误
Trivy 可以扫描三种不同的工件：
-
容器镜像
-
文件系统
-
Git存储库
Trivy 可以在两种不同的模式下运行：
-
独立
-
客户端服务器
它旨在用于 CI。在推送到容器注册表或部署应用程序之前，您可以轻松扫描本地容器映像和其他工件。
二、Trivy 特征
-
全面的漏洞检测
-
操作系统包（Alpine、Red Hat Universal Base Image、Red Hat Enterprise Linux、CentOS、Oracle Linux、Debian、Ubuntu、Amazon Linux、openSUSE Leap、SUSE Enterprise Linux、Photon OS 和 Distroless）
-
特定于语言的包（Bundler、Composer、Pipenv、Poetry、npm、yarn、Cargo、NuGet、Maven 和 Go）
-
-
检测 IaC 错误配置
-
Kubernetes
-
码头工人
-
地形
-
更多即将推出
-
各种各样的内置策略提供了开箱：
-
支持自定义策略
-
-
简单的
-
仅指定图像名称、包含 IaC 配置的目录或工件名称
-
-
快速地
-
第一次扫描将在 10 秒内完成（取决于您的网络）。随后的扫描将在几秒钟内完成。
-
与在第一次运行时需要很长时间才能获取漏洞信息（约 10 分钟）并鼓励您维护持久漏洞数据库的其他扫描程序不同，Trivy 是无状态的，不需要维护或准备。
-
-
简易安装
-
apt-get install,yum install并且brew install是可能的 -
没有先决条件，如安装DB的，图书馆等
-
-
高精确度
-
特别是 Alpine Linux 和 RHEL/CentOS
-
其他操作系统也高
-
-
开发安全运营
-
适用于Travis CI、CircleCI、Jenkins、GitLab CI 等 CI。
-
-
支持多种格式
-
作为守护进程运行的 Docker Engine 中的本地映像
-
Podman中暴露套接字的本地图像
-
Docker Registry 中的远程镜像，例如 Docker Hub、ECR、GCR 和 ACR
-
存储在
docker save/podman save格式文件中的 tar 存档 -
符合OCI 图像格式的图像目录
-
容器镜像
-
本地文件系统
-
远程 git 仓库
-
三、Trivy 安装
3.1 Yum 源方式安装
- $ sudo vim /etc/yum.repos.d/trivy.repo
- [trivy]
- name=Trivy repository
- baseurl=https://aquasecurity.github.io/trivy-repo/rpm/releases/$releasever/$basearch/
- gpgcheck=0
- enabled=1
- $ sudo yum -y update
- $ sudo yum -y install trivy
3.2 rpm 方式安装
rpm -ivh https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/releases/download/v0.19.2/trivy_0.19.2_Linux-64bit.rpm3.3 二进制方式安装
- mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/aquasecurity
- cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/aquasecurity
- git clone --depth 1 --branch v0.19.2 https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy
- cd trivy/cmd/trivy/
- export GO111MODULE=on
- go install
四、容器镜像漏洞扫描
只需指定镜像仓库（和tag）
- # trivy image nginx:1.16
- 2021-08-16T19:15:48.528+0800 INFO Detected OS: debian
- 2021-08-16T19:15:48.528+0800 INFO Detecting Debian vulnerabilities...
- 2021-08-16T19:15:48.541+0800 INFO Number of language-specific files: 1
-
- nginx:1.16 (debian 10.3)
- ========================
- Total: 207 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 105, MEDIUM: 33, HIGH: 49, CRITICAL: 20)
-
- +-----------------+---------------------+----------+---------------------------+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
- | LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
- +-----------------+---------------------+----------+---------------------------+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
- | apt | CVE-2020-27350 | MEDIUM | 1.8.2 | 1.8.2.2 | apt: integer overflows and underflows |
- | | | | | | while parsing .deb packages |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2020-27350 |
- + +---------------------+ + +---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
- | | CVE-2020-3810 | | | 1.8.2.1 | Missing input validation in |
- | | | | | | the ar/tar implementations of |
- | | | | | | APT before version 2.1.2... |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2020-3810 |
- + +---------------------+----------+ +---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
- | | CVE-2011-3374 | LOW | | | It was found that apt-key in apt, |
- | | | | | | all versions, do not correctly... |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2011-3374 |
- +-----------------+---------------------+ +---------------------------+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
- | bash | CVE-2019-18276 | | 5.0-4 | | bash: when effective UID is not |
- | | | | | | equal to its real UID the... |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2019-18276 |
- + +---------------------+ + +---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
- | | TEMP-0841856-B18BAF | | | | -->security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/TEMP-0841856-B18BAF |
- +-----------------+---------------------+ +---------------------------+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
- | bsdutils | CVE-2021-37600 | | 2.33.1-0.1 | | util-linux: integer overflow |
- | | | | | | can lead to buffer overflow |
- | | | | | | in get_sem_elements() in |
- | | | | | | sys-utils/ipcutils.c... |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2021-37600 |
- +-----------------+---------------------+ +---------------------------+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
- | coreutils | CVE-2016-2781 | | 8.30-3 | | coreutils: Non-privileged |
- | | | | | | session can escape to the |
- | | | | | | parent session in chroot |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2016-2781 |
- + +---------------------+ + +---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
- | | CVE-2017-18018 | | | | coreutils: race condition |
- | | | | | | vulnerability in chown and chgrp |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2017-18018 |
- +-----------------+---------------------+ +---------------------------+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
- | fdisk | CVE-2021-37600 | | 2.33.1-0.1 | | util-linux: integer overflow |
- | | | | | | can lead to buffer overflow |
- | | | | | | in get_sem_elements() in |
- | | | | | | sys-utils/ipcutils.c... |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2021-37600 |
- +-----------------+---------------------+----------+---------------------------+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
- | gcc-8-base | CVE-2018-12886 | HIGH | 8.3.0-6 | | gcc: spilling of stack |
- | | | | | | protection address in cfgexpand.c |
- | | | | | | and function.c leads to... |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2018-12886 |
- + +---------------------+ + +---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
- | | CVE-2019-15847 | | | | gcc: POWER9 "DARN" RNG intrinsic |
- | | | | | | produces repeated output |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2019-15847 |
- +-----------------+---------------------+----------+---------------------------+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
- | gpgv | CVE-2019-14855 | LOW | 2.2.12-1+deb10u1 | | gnupg2: OpenPGP Key Certification |
- | | | | | | Forgeries with SHA-1 |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2019-14855 |
- +-----------------+---------------------+----------+---------------------------+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
- | libapt-pkg5.0 | CVE-2020-27350 | MEDIUM | 1.8.2 | 1.8.2.2 | apt: integer overflows and underflows |
- | | | | | | while parsing .deb packages |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2020-27350 |
- + +---------------------+ + +---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
- | | CVE-2020-3810 | | | 1.8.2.1 | Missing input validation in |
- | | | | | | the ar/tar implementations of |
- | | | | | | APT before version 2.1.2... |
- --More--
trivy image [IMAGE_NAME]
漏洞等级：
-
HIGH
-
MEDIUM
-
LOW
-
CRITICAL
五、文件系统漏洞扫描
扫描文件系统（例如主机、虚拟机映像或解压缩的容器映像文件系统）
- # trivy fs /application/zookeeper/
- 2021-08-16T19:23:19.322+0800 INFO Number of language-specific files: 35
- 2021-08-16T19:23:19.322+0800 INFO Detecting jar vulnerabilities...
-
- lib/jetty-server-9.4.39.v20210325.jar (jar)
- ===========================================
- Total: 2 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 1, MEDIUM: 1, HIGH: 0, CRITICAL: 0)
-
- +--------------------------------+------------------+----------+-------------------+------------------------+---------------------------------------+
- | LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
- +--------------------------------+------------------+----------+-------------------+------------------------+---------------------------------------+
- | org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-server | CVE-2019-10247 | MEDIUM | 9.4.39.v20210325 | | jetty: error path |
- | | | | | | information disclosure |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2019-10247 |
- + +------------------+----------+ +------------------------+---------------------------------------+
- | | CVE-2021-34428 | LOW | | 11.0.3, 10.0.3, 9.4.41 | jetty: SessionListener can |
- | | | | | | prevent a session from being |
- | | | | | | invalidated breaking logout |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2021-34428 |
- +--------------------------------+------------------+----------+-------------------+------------------------+---------------------------------------+
-
- lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar (jar)
- ==========================
- Total: 1 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 0, HIGH: 0, CRITICAL: 1)
-
- +-------------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
- | LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
- +-------------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
- | log4j:log4j | CVE-2019-17571 | CRITICAL | 1.2.17 | | log4j: deserialization of |
- | | | | | | untrusted data in SocketServer |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2019-17571 |
- +-------------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
六、Git 存储库漏洞扫描
扫描您的远程 git 存储库
- # trivy repo https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes.git
- Enumerating objects: 370096, done.
- Counting objects: 100% (370096/370096), done.
- Compressing objects: 100% (153736/153736), done.
- Total 370096 (delta 246795), reused 313878 (delta 202418), pack-reused 0
- 2021-08-16T19:27:54.433+0800 INFO Number of language-specific files: 31
- 2021-08-16T19:27:54.434+0800 INFO Detecting gomod vulnerabilities...
-
- cluster/addons/fluentd-elasticsearch/es-image/go.sum (gomod)
- ============================================================
- Total: 4 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 1, HIGH: 3, CRITICAL: 0)
-
- +-----------------------------+------------------+----------+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
- | LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
- +-----------------------------+------------------+----------+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
- | github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go | CVE-2020-26160 | HIGH | 3.2.0+incompatible | | jwt-go: access restriction |
- | | | | | | bypass vulnerability |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2020-26160 |
- +-----------------------------+------------------+ +-----------------------------------+------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
- | github.com/gogo/protobuf | CVE-2021-3121 | | 1.3.1 | v1.3.2 | gogo/protobuf: |
- | | | | | | plugin/unmarshal/unmarshal.go |
- | | | | | | lacks certain index validation |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2021-3121 |
- +-----------------------------+------------------+ +-----------------------------------+------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
- | golang.org/x/crypto | CVE-2020-29652 | | 0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9 | v0.0.0-20201216223049-8b5274cf687f | golang: crypto/ssh: crafted |
- | | | | | | authentication request can |
- | | | | | | lead to nil pointer dereference |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2020-29652 |
- +-----------------------------+------------------+----------+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
- | k8s.io/client-go | CVE-2020-8565 | MEDIUM | 0.19.2 | v0.20.0-alpha.2 | kubernetes: Incomplete fix |
- | | | | | | for CVE-2019-11250 allows for |
- | | | | | | token leak in logs when... |
- | | | | | | -->avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2020-8565 |
- +-----------------------------+------------------+----------+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
-
- go.sum (gomod)
- ==============
- Total: 2 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 1, HIGH: 1, CRITICAL: 0)
七、Trivy 过滤漏洞
7.1 隐藏未修复得漏洞
默认情况下， Trivy还会检测未修补/未修复的漏洞。这意味着即使您更新所有软件包，您也无法修复这些漏洞。如果您想忽略它们，请使用该--ignore-unfixed选项。
# trivy image --ignore-unfixed nginx:1.16 7.2 按严重程度
使用--severity选项
# trivy image --severity HIGH,CRITICAL nginx:1.167.3 按漏洞ID
使用.trivyignore.
- # cat .trivyignore
- # Accept the risk
- CVE-2018-14618
-
- # No impact in our settings
- CVE-2019-1543
-
- # trivy image nginx:1.16
7.4 按类型
使用--vuln-type选项。
# trivy image --vuln-type os nginx:1.16八、漏洞数据库
8.1 跳过漏洞数据库得更新
Trivy开始运行时每 12 小时下载一次漏洞数据库。这通常很快，因为数据库的大小只有 10~30MB。但是，如果您甚至想跳过它，请使用该--skip-db-update选项。
# trivy image --skip-db-update nginx:1.16
8.2 只下载漏洞数据库
# trivy image --download-db-only
8.3 轻量级数据库
轻量级数据库不包含漏洞详细信息，例如描述和参考。因此，DB 的大小更小，下载速度更快。
当您不需要漏洞详细信息并且适用于 CI/CD 时，此选项很有用。要查找其他信息，您可以在 NVD 网站上搜索漏洞详细信息。https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search
# trivy image --light nginx:1.16
--light 选项不会像下面的例子那样显示标题。
九、Trivy 缓存
9.1 清除缓存
该--clear-cache选项删除缓存。
9.2 不执行扫描
# trivy image --clear-cache
9.3 缓存目录
用 指定缓存的存储位置--cache-dir。
$ trivy --cache-dir /tmp/trivy/ image nginx:1.16
9.4 缓存后端
Trivy 支持本地文件系统和 Redis 作为缓存后端。此选项特别适用于客户端/服务器模式。
两个选项：- fs - 缓存路径可以通过--cache-dir - redis:// -redis://[HOST]:[PORT]
# trivy server --cache-backend redis://localhost:6379十、Trivy 漏洞报告格式
10.1 表格（默认）
# trivy image -f table nginx:1.16
10.2 JSON
trivy image -f json -o results.json nginx:1.16参考文章：https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy
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