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MySQL之体系结构_mysql体系结构

作者：酷酷是懒虫 | 2024-07-06 05:53:12

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mysql体系结构

一、 MySQL系统体系结构
1.MySQL系统体系结构
1.1 数据库
1.2 数据库实例
1.3 MySQL体系结构
1.4 逻辑存储结构
1.5 MySQL物理存储结构
二、 MySQL主要文件
1.慢查询日志
1.1 慢查询日志相关参数：
1.2 慢查询日志测试
2. 通用日志(generic_log)与审计
1.1 通用日志作用
1.2 审计插件
1.3 mcafee Audit Plugin安装

一、 MySQL系统体系结构

1.MySQL系统体系结构

1.1 数据库

数据库（数据库文件）是一个或者一组二进制文件，通常来说存在与文件系统之上。

1.2 数据库实例

由数据库后台进程/线程以及一个共享内存区组成
共享内存可以被运行的后台进程/线程所共享
数据库实例才是真正用来操作数据库文件的
注意：MySQL中，数据库实例和数据库是一一对应的。没有Oracle的一对多(RAC)的机制。

1.3 MySQL体系结构

单进程多线程结构
不会影响MySQL的性能，看程序如何写。（多进程程序，进程间通信开销大于多线程）
存储引擎的概念
- 可以理解成文件系统，例如FAT32, NTFS, EXT4。
- 一个表是一个分区，引擎就是分区的文件系统 存储引擎的对象就是表
- show tables; 可以看到每个表对应的是上面引擎(Engine)
- 除了特殊情况，我们现在就只考虑INNODB
体系结构图

1.4 逻辑存储结构

MySQL逻辑存储结构
- instance
- database
- schema
- table
- view
- 一个DB对应一个schema
- 一个DB对应一个文件夹
- 一个表对应一组文件


                                                 |--> table1 --- | view1 |
MySQL Instance -----> Database ----> Schema ---> |--> table2 --- | view2 | 
                                                 |--> table3 --- | View3 |
注意： MySQL中一个Database对应一个Schema

1.5 MySQL物理存储结构

MySQL配置文件
- datadir
  - 存储数据二进制文件的路径
表结构的组成
- frm：表结构定义文件 MYI：索引文件
- MYD：数据文件可以用hexdump -c XXX.frm查看二进制文件(意义不大)
- show create table tablename;
- mysqlfrm (utilities工具包)

shell> mysqlfrm --diagnostic /data/mysql_data/aaa/.a.frm #可将frm文件转成create table的语句

错误日志文件
- log_err 建议配置成统一的名字,方便定位错误
慢查询日志文件
- 将运行超过某一个时间阈值的SQL语句记录到文件
  - MySQL < 5.1 ：以秒为单位
  - MySQL >= 5.1 : 以毫秒为单位
  - MySQL >= 5.5 : 可以将慢查询日志记录到表
  - MySQL >= 5.6 : 以更细的粒度记录慢查询
  - MySQL >= 5.7 : 增加timestamps支持
- slow_query_log_file
  - 建议配置成统一的名字,用于优化查询
通用日志作用
- 可以记录数据库所有相关操作
- 参数:general_log
- 默认文件名：机器名.log
- 同样可以将日志保存到表
- mysql.general_log
- 开启性能下降明显

二、 MySQL主要文件

1.慢查询日志

1.1 慢查询日志相关参数：

slow_query_log
- 是否开启慢查询日志
slow_query_log_file
- 慢查询日志文件名, 在my.cnf我们已经定义为slow.log，默认是 机器名-slow.log
long_query_time
- 制定慢查询阈值, 单位是秒，且当版本 >=5.5.X，支持毫秒。例如0.5即为500ms
- 大于该值，不包括值本身。例如该值为2，则执行时间正好等于2的SQL语句不会记录
log_queries_not_using_indexes
- 将没有使用索引的SQL记录到慢查询日志
  - 如果一开始因为数据少，查表快，耗时的SQL语句没被记录，当数据量大时，该SQL可能会执行很长时间
  - 需要测试阶段就要发现问题，减小上线后出现问题的概率
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes
- 限制每分钟内，在慢查询日志中，去记录没有使用索引的SQL语句的次数；版本需要>=5.6.X
  - 因为没有使用索引的SQL可能会短时间重复执行，为了避免日志快速增大，限制每分钟的记录次数
min_examined_row_limit
- 扫描记录少于该值的SQL不记录到慢查询日志
  - 结合去记录没有使用索引的SQL语句的例子，有可能存在某一个表，数据量维持在百行左右，且没有建立索引。这种表即使不建立索引，查询也很快，扫描记录很小，如果确定有这种表，则可以通过此参数设置，将这个SQL不记录到慢查询日志。
log_slow_admin_statements
- 记录超时的管理操作SQL到慢查询日志，比如ALTER/ANALYZE TABLE
log_output
- 慢查询日志的格式，[FILE | TABLE | NONE]，默认是FILE；版本>=5.5
- 如果设置为TABLE，则记录的到mysql.slow_log
log_slow_slave_statements
- 在从服务器上开启慢查询日志
log_timestamps
- 写入时区信息。可根据需求记录UTC时间或者服务器本地系统时间

1.2 慢查询日志测试

查看慢查询记录的相关参数
- 终端A


root@gczheng 00:01:  [(none)]> select version();
+------------+
| version()  |
+------------+
| 5.7.18-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
root@gczheng 00:02:  [(none)]> show variables like "slow%";
+---------------------+------------------------+
| Variable_name       | Value                  |
+---------------------+------------------------+
| slow_launch_time    | 2                      |  
| slow_query_log      | ON                     |  --slow_query_log已打开
| slow_query_log_file | /r2/mysqldata/slow.log |  --slow日志位置
+---------------------+------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
 
root@gczheng 00:03:  [(none)]> show variables like "long_query%";
+-----------------+----------+
| Variable_name   | Value    |
+-----------------+----------+
| long_query_time | 1.000000 |                      -- my.cnf 中该值设置为2秒
+-----------------+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
 
root@gczheng 00:03:  [(none)]> show variables like "min_ex%";
+------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name          | Value |
+------------------------+-------+
| min_examined_row_limit | 0     |                  -- my.cnf中未配置，默认值为0
+------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查看慢查询日志
- 终端B


[root@rhel7 mysqldata]# tail -f /r2/mysqldata/slow.log 
bin/mysqld, Version: 5.7.18-log (MySQL Community Server (GPL)). started with:
Tcp port: 3306  Unix socket: /r2/mysqldata/mysql.sock
Time                 Id Command    Argument

进行模拟耗时操作
- 终端A


root@gczheng 00:11:  [(none)]> select sleep(8);
+----------+
| sleep(8) |
+----------+
|        0 |
+----------+
1 row in set (8.00 sec)

最终产生慢查询日志
- 终端B


[root@rhel7 mysqldata]# tail -f /r2/mysqldata/slow.log 
bin/mysqld, Version: 5.7.18-log (MySQL Community Server (GPL)). started with:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld, Version: 5.7.18-log (MySQL Community Server (GPL)). started with:
Tcp port: 3306  Unix socket: /r2/mysqldata/mysql.sock
Time                 Id Command    Argument
# Time: 2017-11-23T00:11:20.876205+08:00
# User@Host: root[root] @ localhost []  Id:     3
# Query_time: 8.000251  Lock_time: 0.000000 Rows_sent: 1  Rows_examined: 0
                                                          #这个就是min_examined_row_limit
                                                          #设置的意义。如my.cnf中设置该值为100
                                                          #则这条语句因为Rows_examined < 100,而不会被记录
SET timestamp=1511367080;
select sleep(8);

注意
如果在终端A中set global min_examined_row_limit = 100;, 然后执行select sleep(8)，会发现该记录仍然被记录到慢查询日志中。原因是因为set global min_examined_row_limit设置的是全局变量，此次会话不生效。

但是我们上面set global slow_query_log = 1；却是在线生效的，这点有所不通

mysqldumpslow


[root@rhel7 mysqldata]# mysqldumpslow slow.log 
 
Reading mysql slow query log from slow.log
Count: 2  Time=15.88s (31s)  Lock=0.00s (0s)  Rows=1.0 (2), root[root]@localhost
  select sleep(N)
 
Count: 1  Time=0.00s (0s)  Lock=0.00s (0s)  Rows=0.0 (0), 0users@0hosts
  bin/mysqld, Version: N.N.N-log (MySQL Community Server (GPL)). started with:
 
[root@rhel7 mysqldata]# mysqldumpslow --help
Usage: mysqldumpslow [ OPTS... ] [ LOGS... ]
 
Parse and summarize the MySQL slow query log. Options are
 
  --verbose    verbose
  --debug      debug
  --help       write this text to standard output
  -v           verbose
  -d           debug
  -s ORDER     what to sort by (al, at, ar, c, l, r, t), 'at' is default
                al: average lock time
                ar: average rows sent
                at: average query time
                 c: count
                 l: lock time
                 r: rows sent
                 t: query time  
  -r           reverse the sort order (largest last instead of first)
  -t NUM       just show the top n queries
  -a           don't abstract all numbers to N and strings to 'S'
  -n NUM       abstract numbers with at least n digits within names
  -g PATTERN   grep: only consider stmts that include this string
  -h HOSTNAME  hostname of db server for *-slow.log filename (can be wildcard),
               default is '*', i.e. match all
  -i NAME      name of server instance (if using mysql.server startup script)
  -l           don't subtract lock time from total time

如果在线上操作，不需要mysqldumpslow去扫整个slow.log，可以去 tail -n 10000 slow.log > last_10000_slow.log(10000这个数字根据实际情况进行调整),然后进行mysqldumpslow last_10000_slow.log

慢查询日志存入表


mysql> show variables like "log_output%";
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_output    | FILE  |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global log_output="table";     --设置为输出为表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like "log_output";
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_output    | TABLE |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
 
mysql> show variables like "slow_query_log";
+----------------+-------+
| Variable_name  | Value |
+----------------+-------+
| slow_query_log | ON    |
+----------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> select sleep (11);       --执行语句
+------------+
| sleep (11) |
+------------+
|          0 |
+------------+
1 row in set (11.00 sec)
 
 
mysql> select * from mysql.slow_log;
+----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+----+----------------+-----------+-----------+-------------------+-----------+
| start_time                 | user_host                 | query_time      | lock_time       | rows_sent | rows_examined | db | last_insert_id | insert_id | server_id | sql_text          |thread_id |
+----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+----+----------------+-----------+-----------+-------------------+-----------+
| 2017-11-23 16:58:23.873261 | root[root] @ localhost [] | 00:00:11.000196 | 00:00:00.000000 |         1 |             0 |    |              0 |         0 |       168 | select sleep (11) |   314459 |
+----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+----+----------------+-----------+-----------+-------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
--显示表结构
mysql> show create table mysql.slow_log \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: slow_log
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `slow_log` (
  `start_time` timestamp(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6),
  `user_host` mediumtext NOT NULL,
  `query_time` time(6) NOT NULL,
  `lock_time` time(6) NOT NULL,
  `rows_sent` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `rows_examined` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `db` varchar(512) NOT NULL,
  `last_insert_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `insert_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `server_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `sql_text` mediumblob NOT NULL,
  `thread_id` bigint(21) unsigned NOT NULL
) ENGINE=CSV DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='Slow log'   --ENGINE=CSV 这里使用的是CSV的引擎,性能较差
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
 
 
-- 建议将slow_log表的存储引擎改成MyISAM
mysql>  alter table mysql.slow_log engine = innodb;
ERROR 1580 (HY000): You cannot 'ALTER' a log table if logging is enabled   --无法转化为innodb引擎
 
mysql> alter table mysql.slow_log engine = myisam;
ERROR 1580 (HY000): You cannot 'ALTER' a log table if logging is enabled  -- 提示我正在记录日志中，不能转换myisam引擎
 
mysql> set global slow_query_log = 0;    -- 先停止记录日志
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql>  alter table mysql.slow_log engine = innodb;
ERROR 1579 (HY000): This storage engine cannot be used for log tables  --显示不支持innodb引擎
 
mysql> alter table mysql.slow_log engine = myisam;   -- 转换表的myisam引擎
Query OK, 2 rows affected (5.05 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> set global slow_query_log = 1;     -- 再开启记录日志
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> show create table mysql.slow_log;
--表结构
ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='Slow log'  -- ENGINE转换成myisam引擎

使用TABLE的优势在于方便查询，但是记住当在备份的时候，不要备份慢查询日志的表，避免备份过大。
使用FILE也可以，需要定时清除该文件，避免单文件过大。

2. 通用日志(generic_log)与审计

1.1 通用日志作用

当需要查找某条特定SQL语句，且该SQL语句执行较快，无法记录到slow_log中时，可以开启通用日志generic_log,进行全面记录，可用于审计Audit
A终端设置开启关闭通用日志


mysql> set global general_log=on;  --开启通用日志
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>  show create table mysql.general_log\G             --显示通用日志表结构
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: general_log
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `general_log` (
  `event_time` timestamp(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6),
  `user_host` mediumtext NOT NULL,
  `thread_id` bigint(21) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `server_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `command_type` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
  `argument` mediumblob NOT NULL
) ENGINE=CSV DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='General log'
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> show variables like '%general_log%';
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name    | Value                                                |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| general_log      | ON                                                   |
| general_log_file | /r2/soft/dbtest/mysql-5.7.18/mysqldata/localhost.log | --日志位置
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> set global general_log=off;  --关闭日志

B终端显示日志


[root@localhost-m(252) /r2/soft/dbtest/mysql-5.7.18/mysqldata]# tail -f localhost.log
	    SUM_TIMER_WRITE_LOW_PRIORITY,
	    SUM_TIMER_WRITE_NORMAL,
	    SUM_TIMER_WRITE_EXTERNAL
	  FROM performance_schema.table_lock_waits_summary_by_table
	  WHERE OBJECT_SCHEMA NOT IN ('mysql', 'performance_schema', 'information_schema')
2017-11-23T17:17:28.819250+08:00	315487 Quit
2017-11-23T17:17:29.304861+08:00	315489 Connect	gcdb@192.168.48.168 on  using TCP/IP
2017-11-23T17:17:29.305015+08:00	315489 Query	select @@version_comment limit 1
2017-11-23T17:17:29.305307+08:00	315489 Query	show global status where Variable_name in ("Com_select","Com_insert","Com_update","Com_delete","Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests","Innodb_buffer_pool_reads","Innodb_rows_inserted","Innodb_rows_updated","Innodb_rows_deleted","Innodb_rows_read","Threads_running","Threads_connected","Threads_cached","Threads_created","Bytes_received","Bytes_sent","Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data","Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free","Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_dirty","Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_flushed","Innodb_data_reads","Innodb_data_writes","Innodb_data_read","Innodb_data_written","Innodb_os_log_fsyncs","Innodb_os_log_written")

通用日志会记录所有操作，性能下降明显。所以如果需要审计，需要Audit Plugin

1.2 审计插件


- MariaDB Audit 插件
    - MySQL社区版本目前没有提供Audit的功能，企业版本提供了该功能。MariaDB 提供了开源的Audit插件，且MySQL也能使用。
    - [官方注册下载插件](https://mariadb.com/my_portal/download/audit_plugin)
- Mcaffer插件下载
    -  https://bintray.com/mcafee/mysql-audit-plugin/release#files  点击Files文件
    -  [audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725-linux-x86_64.zip](https://bintray.com/mcafee/mysql-audit-plugin/download_file?file_path=audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725-linux-x86_64.zip)

1.3 mcafee Audit Plugin安装

MySQL5.7.18 安装mcaffer audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725 版本审计插件步骤如下:


--显示插件目录
root@gczheng 23:16:  [(none)]> show global variables like 'plugin%';
+---------------+------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value                        |
+---------------+------------------------------+
| plugin_dir    | /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/ |
+---------------+------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

安装审计插件


--解压plugin
[root@rhel7 software]# unzip audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725-linux-x86_64.zip 
Archive:  audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725-linux-x86_64.zip
   creating: audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725/
   creating: audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725/lib/
  inflating: audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725/lib/libaudit_plugin.so  
  inflating: audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725/COPYING  
  inflating: audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725/THIRDPARTY.txt  
  inflating: audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725/README.txt  
  inflating: audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725/plugin-name.txt  
   creating: audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725/utils/
  inflating: audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725/utils/offset-extract.sh  
--拷贝到插件目录 
[root@rhel7 software]# cp audit-plugin-mysql-5.7-1.1.4-725/lib/libaudit_plugin.so /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/   
 
[root@rhel7 software]# cd /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/
[root@rhel7 plugin]# ll libaudit_plugin.so 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1542249 Nov 23 23:16 libaudit_plugin.so
 
--mycnf添加plugin-load=AUDIT=libaudit_plugin.so
[root@rhel7 plugin]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
......
plugin-load=AUDIT=libaudit_plugin.so   --添加配置文件load模式，另外还有install模式：INSTALL PLUGIN AUDIT SONAME 'libaudit_plugin.so';
......
 
--重启MySQL
[root@rhel7 plugin]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL......... SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL........ SUCCESS!

测试插件


--显示插件
root@gczheng 23:25:  [(none)]> show plugins;
+----------------------------+----------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+
| Name                       | Status   | Type               | Library            | License |
+----------------------------+----------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+
| binlog                     | ACTIVE   | STORAGE ENGINE     | NULL               | GPL     |
.......
 
| ngram                      | ACTIVE   | FTPARSER           | NULL               | GPL     |
| AUDIT                      | ACTIVE   | AUDIT              | libaudit_plugin.so | GPL     |
+----------------------------+----------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+
45 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
root@gczheng 23:25:  [(none)]> show global status like 'AUDIT_version'; --显示审计日志版本
+---------------+-----------+
| Variable_name | Value     |
+---------------+-----------+
| Audit_version | 1.1.4-725 |
+---------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
 
root@gczheng 00:00:  [(none)]> show variables like "audit%"\G;   -- 查看和audit相关的参数
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_before_after
        Value: after
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_checksum
        Value: 
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_client_capabilities
        Value: OFF
*************************** 4. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_delay_cmds
        Value: 
*************************** 5. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_delay_ms
        Value: 0
*************************** 6. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_force_record_logins
        Value: OFF
*************************** 7. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_header_msg
        Value: ON
*************************** 8. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_json_file
        Value: OFF
*************************** 9. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_json_file_bufsize
        Value: 1
*************************** 10. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_json_file_flush
        Value: OFF
*************************** 11. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_json_file_retry
        Value: 60
*************************** 12. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_json_file_sync
        Value: 0
*************************** 13. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_json_log_file
        Value: mysql-audit.json
*************************** 14. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_json_socket
        Value: OFF
*************************** 15. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_json_socket_name
        Value: /var/run/db-audit/mysql.audit__r2_mysqldata_3306
*************************** 16. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_json_socket_retry
        Value: 10
*************************** 17. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_json_socket_write_timeout
        Value: 1000
*************************** 18. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_offsets
        Value: 
*************************** 19. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_offsets_by_version
        Value: ON
*************************** 20. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_password_masking_cmds
        Value: CREATE_USER,GRANT,SET_OPTION,SLAVE_START,CREATE_SERVER,ALTER_SERVER,CHANGE_MASTER,UPDATE
*************************** 21. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_password_masking_regex
        Value: identified(?:/\*.*?\*/|\s)*?by(?:/\*.*?\*/|\s)*?(?:password)?(?:/\*.*?\*/|\s)*?['|"](?<psw>.*?)(?<!\\)['|"]|password(?:/\*.*?\*/|\s)*?\((?:/\*.*?\*/|\s)*?['|"](?<psw>.*?)(?<!\\)['|"](?:/\*.*?\*/|\s)*?\)|password(?:/\*.*?\*/|\s)*?(?:for(?:/\*.*?\*/|\s)*?\S+?)?(?:/\*.*?\*/|\s)*?=(?:/\*.*?\*/|\s)*?['|"](?<psw>.*?)(?<!\\)['|"]|password(?:/\*.*?\*/|\s)*?['|"](?<psw>.*?)(?<!\\)['|"]
*************************** 22. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_record_cmds
        Value: 
*************************** 23. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_record_objs
        Value: 
*************************** 24. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_sess_connect_attrs
        Value: ON
*************************** 25. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_socket_creds
        Value: ON
*************************** 26. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_uninstall_plugin
        Value: OFF
*************************** 27. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_validate_checksum
        Value: ON
*************************** 28. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_validate_offsets_extended
        Value: ON
*************************** 29. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_whitelist_cmds
        Value: BEGIN,COMMIT,PING
*************************** 30. row ***************************
Variable_name: audit_whitelist_users
        Value: 
30 rows in set (0.00 sec)
root@gczheng 00:05:  [(none)]> set global audit_json_log_file='/r2/mysqldata/audit.log'; --配置审计日志路径
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
root@gczheng 00:04:  [(none)]> set global audit_json_file=ON;    -- 打开审计功能
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
root@gczheng 00:11:  [(none)]> show variables like "audit_json%";
+---------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name                   | Value                                            |
+---------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| audit_json_file                 | ON                                               |
| audit_json_file_bufsize         | 1                                                |
| audit_json_file_flush           | OFF                                              |
| audit_json_file_retry           | 60                                               |
| audit_json_file_sync            | 0                                                |
| audit_json_log_file             | /r2/mysqldata/audit.log                          |
| audit_json_socket               | OFF                                              |
| audit_json_socket_name          | /var/run/db-audit/mysql.audit__r2_mysqldata_3306 |
| audit_json_socket_retry         | 10                                               |
| audit_json_socket_write_timeout | 1000                                             |
+---------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+

查看审计日志


[root@rhel7 ~]# tailf /r2/mysqldata/audit.log 
{"msg-type":"activity","date":"1511453256465","thread-id":"26","query-id":"1562","user":"gcdb","priv_user":"gcdb","ip":"192.168.1.10","host":"192.168.1.10","connect_attrs":{"_os":"Win64","_client_name":"libmysql","_pid":"12056","_thread":"5756","_platform":"x86_64","program_name":"MySQLWorkbench","_client_version":"5.6.23"},"client_port":"14462","cmd":"show_keys","objects":[{"db":"information_schema","name":"/r2/mysqldata/#sql_10da1_0","obj_type":"TABLE"}],"query":"SHOW INDEX FROM `information_schema`.`TABLES`"}

以上仅为基本功能操作，详细的细粒度控制请参考Mcafee文档

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