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ElasticSearch只能处理文本,不能直接处理文档。Ingest-Attachment是一个开箱即用的插件,替代了较早版本的Mapper-Attachment插件,使用它可以实现对(PDF,DOC,EXCEL等)主流格式文件的文本抽取及自动导入。
Elasticsearch5.x新增一个新的特性Ingest Node,此功能支持定义命名处理器管道pipeline,pipeline中可以定义多个处理器,在数据插入ElasticSearch之前进行预处理。而Ingest Attachment Processor Plugin提供了关键的预处理器attachment,支持自动对入库文档的指定字段作为文档文件进行文本抽取。
由于ElasticSearch是基于JSON格式的文档数据库,所以附件文档在插入ElasticSearch之前必须进行Base64编码。
思考:在处理xls和xlsx格式的时候,无法将sheet分开索引,只能将整个文件当做一个文档插入es中。目前没有想到什么好的方法。
ElasticSearch-5.4.2下载地址:https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-5.4.2.zip
Kibana-5.4.2:https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/kibana-5.4.2-windows-x86.zip
Windows环境:elasticsearch和kibana的zip包下载之后解压分别去他们的bin目录下双击运行elasticsearch.bat
和kibana.bat
即可使用简单的单机版,用来测试非常方便。Elasticsearch默认使用的是9200端口,接下来在浏览器中打开链接http://localhost:9200
验证是否安装成功。
Ingest-attachment插件下载地址:https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch-plugins/ingest-attachment/ingest-attachment-5.4.2.zip
参考官网(https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/plugins/5.4/plugin-management-custom-url.html#plugin-management-custom-url )安装:bin\elasticsearch-plugin install file:///C:\Users\jk\Desktop\ingest-attachment-5.4.2.zip
Cygwin(用于使用curl和perl脚本的解码功能)
安装可参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/feipeng8848/p/8555648.html
下载地址:https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch-plugins/ingest-attachment/ingest-attachment-7.14.1.zip
官方指导文档:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/plugins/current/ingest-attachment.html
[hadoop@node01 ~]$ elasticsearch-7.14.1/bin/elasticsearch-plugin install file:///mnt/ingest-attachment-7.14.1.zip warning: usage of JAVA_HOME is deprecated, use ES_JAVA_HOME Future versions of Elasticsearch will require Java 11; your Java version from [/opt/java/jdk1.8.0_91/jre] does not meet this requirement. Consider switching to a distribution of Elasticsearch with a bundled JDK. If you are already using a distribution with a bundled JDK, ensure the JAVA_HOME environment variable is not set. -> Installing file:///mnt/ingest-attachment-7.14.1.zip -> Downloading file:///mnt/ingest-attachment-7.14.1.zip [=================================================] 100% @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ WARNING: plugin requires additional permissions @ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ * java.lang.RuntimePermission accessClassInPackage.sun.java2d.cmm.kcms * java.lang.RuntimePermission accessDeclaredMembers * java.lang.RuntimePermission getClassLoader * java.lang.reflect.ReflectPermission suppressAccessChecks * java.security.SecurityPermission createAccessControlContext See http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/permissions.html for descriptions of what these permissions allow and the associated risks. Continue with installation? [y/N]y -> Installed ingest-attachment -> Please restart Elasticsearch to activate any plugins installed
可参考:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/plugins/5.4/using-ingest-attachment.html
在Cygwin中执行curl命令(其实也可直接在Kibana中执行命令从而没必要安装Cygwin)
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/_ingest/pipeline/attachment" -d '{
"description" : "Extract attachment information",
"processors":[
{
"attachment":{
"field":"data",
"indexed_chars" : -1,
"ignore_missing":true
}
},
{
"remove":{"field":"data"}
}]}'
可能遇到的报错:{"error":"Content-Type header [application/x-www-form-urlencoded] is not supported","status":406}
解决:添加-H 'content-Type:application/json'
案例2:
PUT http://localhost:9200/book { "mappings": { "idx": { "properties": { "id": { "type": "keyword" }, "title": { "type": "text", "analyzer": "ik_max_word" }, "desc": { "type": "text", "analyzer": "ik_max_word" }, "path": { "type": "keyword" }, "create_time": { "type": "date", "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis" }, "update_time": { "type": "date", "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis" }, "attachment": { "properties": { "content": { "type": "text", "analyzer": "ik_max_word" } } } } } } }
首先要确定base64编码正确,否则因为乱码可能无法正确生成attachment。
可在http://encode.urih.com/
和http://decode.urih.com/
先进行编解码测试。
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/pdftest/pdf/1?pipeline=attachment" -d '
{
"data":"5oiR54ix5L2g"
}'
在Kibana中执行GET pdftest/_search
可得:
{ "took": 0, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 5, "successful": 5, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 1, "max_score": 1, "hits": [ { "_index": "pdftest", "_type": "pdf", "_id": "1", "_score": 1, "_source": { "attachment": { "content_type": "text/plain; charset=UTF-8", "language": "lt", "content": "我爱你", "content_length": 4 } } } ] } }
注:如果在创建管道的时候不删除data即创建命令为
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/_ingest/pipeline/attachment" -d '{ "description" : "Extract attachment information", "processors":[ { "attachment":{ "field":"data", "indexed_chars" : -1, "ignore_missing":true, "properties": [ "content", "title", "author", "date", "content_type", "language", "content_length" ] } }]}' 最终插入结果为: "_source": { "data": "5oiR54ix5L2g", "attachment": { "content_type": "text/plain; charset=UTF-8", "language": "lt", "content": "我爱你", "content_length": 4 } }
这里我将写有“我爱你”三个字的hehe.txt放在了Windows的桌面上,在Cygwin中可以使用perl脚本的解码功能:base64 -w 0 /cygdrive/c/Users/jk/Desktop/hehe.txt | perl -pe's/\n/\\n/g'
参数解释:-w, --wrap=字符数 在指定的字符数后自动换行(默认为76),0 为禁用自动换行
解码:echo 5oiR54ix5L2g | base64 -d -i
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/pdftest/pdf/1?pipeline=attachment" -d '
{
"data":"'`base64 -w 0 /cygdrive/c/Users/jk/Desktop/hehe.txt | perl -pe's/\n/\\n/g'`'"
}'
最终插入结果同上。
注意:如果换成pdf格式或者txt文件中有很多内容导致解码后的字符串长度过大的话,则会报错:-bash: /cygdrive/c/Windows/system32/curl: Argument list too long
解释:该错误表示执行命令的参数太长,超过系统允许的最大值,这个值通过ARG_MAX
参数控制。这个是Linux系统一直以来都有的限制。查看这个限制可以通过命令getconf ARG_MAX
来实现
解决:使用curl命令的-d参数发送json文件的方式绕过限制
echo '{"data":"'`base64 -w 0 /cygdrive/c/Users/jk/Desktop/hehe.pdf | perl -pe's/\n/\\n/g'`'"}' > hehe.txt
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/pdftest/pdf/1?pipeline=attachment" -d @hehe.txt
最终插入结果为:
"_source": {
"attachment": {
"date": "2018-10-20T08:00:17Z",
"content_type": "application/pdf",
"author": "jk",
"language": "lt",
"content": "我爱你",
"content_length": 7
}
}
快别用Cygwin了各种问题(关键是Cygwin还没有玩得很溜),在Kibana里输方便还不出其他莫名其妙的问题。如在Cygwin输入查询命令:
curl -X GET localhost:9200/pdftest/pdf/_search?pretty -d '
{
"query":{
"match":{
"attachment.content":"爱"
}
}
}'
报错:
"type" : "json_parse_exception",
"reason" : "Invalid UTF-8 start byte 0xb0\n at [Source: org.elasticsearch.transport.netty4.ByteBufStreamInput@69645e80; line: 5, column: 30]"
解决:在Cygwin中执行命令:export LC_ALL="zh_CN"
而不是:export LC_ALL="zh_CN.UTF-8"
然后执行locale命令可查看设置。LC_ALL
,它是一个宏,如果该值设置了,则该值会覆盖所有LC_*
的设置值,LANG的值不受该宏影响。zh代表中文,CN代表大陆地区,GBK或UTF-8表示字符集
Kibana中输入:
GET pdftest/_search
{
"query" : {
"match" : {
"attachment.content":"爱"
}
}
}
思考:当然,Ingest-Attachment不是唯一方案。如果需要深入定制文档抽取功能,或基于功能解耦等考量,完全可以利用 Apache Tika http://tika.apache.org 实现独立的文档抽取应用。
IK Analysis for Elasticsearch
是开源社区比较流行的中文分词插件
官网:https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik
本来想用这两种方法安装:
.\bin\elasticsearch-plugin install https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases/download/v5.4.2/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-5.4.2.zip
bin\elasticsearch-plugin install file:///C:\Users\jk\Desktop\elasticsearch-analysis-ik-5.4.2.zip
但是却总是报错:
ERROR: `elasticsearch` directory is missing in the plugin zip
后来只能用了这种方法:在Elasticsearch安装目录下的文件夹plugins中新建文件夹ik,将elasticsearch-analysis-ik-5.4.2.zip
解压到这里即可,其实官网里已经说明了低于5.5.1版本的用解压的方式安装了:
下载地址:https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases
[hadoop@node01 ~]$ elasticsearch-7.14.1/bin/elasticsearch-plugin install file:///mnt/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-7.14.1.zip
ik_smart
:会做最粗粒度的拆分
ik_max_word
:会将文本做最细粒度的拆分。
GET /_analyze
{
"analyzer": "ik_smart",
"text":"中华人民共和国"
}
结果:
{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "中华人民共和国",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "CN_WORD",
"position": 0
}
]
}
GET /_analyze
{
"analyzer": "ik_max_word",
"text":"中华人民共和国"
}
结果:
{ "tokens": [ { "token": "中华人民共和国", "start_offset": 0, "end_offset": 7, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 0 }, { "token": "中华人民", "start_offset": 0, "end_offset": 4, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 1 }, { "token": "中华", "start_offset": 0, "end_offset": 2, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 2 }, { "token": "华人", "start_offset": 1, "end_offset": 3, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 3 }, { "token": "人民共和国", "start_offset": 2, "end_offset": 7, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 4 }, { "token": "人民", "start_offset": 2, "end_offset": 4, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 5 }, { "token": "共和国", "start_offset": 4, "end_offset": 7, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 6 }, { "token": "共和", "start_offset": 4, "end_offset": 6, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 7 }, { "token": "国", "start_offset": 6, "end_offset": 7, "type": "CN_CHAR", "position": 8 } ] }
参考:https://blog.csdn.net/wenxindiaolong061/article/details/82562450
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