赞
踩
global transaction identifiers
- GTID = source_id:transaction_id
- source_id,用于鉴别原服务器,即mysql服务器唯一的的server_uuid,由于GTID会传递到slave,所以也可以理解为源ID。transaction_id,为当前服务器上已提交事务的一个序列号,通常从1开始自增长的序列,一个数值对应一个事务。
- 示例:
- 3E11FA47-71CA-11E1-9E33-C80AA9429562:23
- 前面的一串为服务器的server_uuid,即3E11FA47-71CA-11E1-9E33-C80AA9429562,后面的23为transaction_id
- 1、更简单的实现failover,不用以前那样在需要找log_file和log_pos。
- 2、更简单的搭建主从复制。
- 3、比传统的复制更加安全。
- 4、GTID是连续的没有空洞的,保证数据的一致性,零丢失。
- 1、当一个事务在主库端执行并提交时,产生GTID,一同记录到binlog日志中。
- 2、binlog传输到slave,并存储到slave的relaylog后,读取这个GTID的这个值设置gtid_next变量,即告诉Slave,下一个要执行的GTID值。
- 3、sql线程从relay log中获取GTID,然后对比slave端的binlog是否有该GTID。
- 4、如果有记录,说明该GTID的事务已经执行,slave会忽略。
- 5、如果没有记录,slave就会执行该GTID事务,并记录该GTID到自身的binlog,
- 在读取执行事务前会先检查其他session持有该GTID,确保不被重复执行。
- 6、在解析过程中会判断是否有主键,如果没有就用二级索引,如果没有就用全部扫描。
数据库角色 | IP | 应用与系统 |
---|---|---|
主数据库 | 192.168.24.128 | centos7 myslq-5.7 |
从数据库 | 192.168.24.130 | centos7 myslq-5.7 |
具体配置查看《mysql进阶简单解析》
- [root@linfan ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
- [root@linfan ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
- [mysqld]
- basedir = /usr/local/mysql
- datadir = /opt/data
- socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
- port = 3306
- pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
- user = mysql
- skip-name-resolve
- //添加以下内容
- # GTID
- server-id=128 //主服务器id
- gtid-mode=on //开启gtid模式
- enforce-gtid-consistency=on //强制gtid一致性,开启后对于特定create table不被支持
- # binlog
- log_bin=master-binlog
- log-slave-updates=1
- binlog_format=row //强烈建议,其他格式可能导致数据不一致
- # relay log
- skip_slave_start=1

- [root@linfan ~]# service mysqld restart
- Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
- Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
- [root@linfan ~]# mysql -uroot -p
- Enter password:
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 4
- Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
-
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
-
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
-
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
-
- mysql> create user 'repl'@'192.168.24.130' identified by '123456';
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
-
- mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.24.130';
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
-
- mysql> flush privileges;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

另开一个终端,给数据库上读锁,避免在备份期间有其他人在写入导致数据同步的不一致
- mysql> flush tables with read lock;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec) 此锁表的终端必须在备份完成以后才能退出(退出锁表失效)
- [root@linfan ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
- [mysqld]
- basedir = /usr/local/mysql
- datadir = /opt/data
- socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
- port = 3306
- pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
- user = mysql
- skip-name-resolve
- # GTID
- gtid_mode=on
- enforce_gtid_consistency=on
- server_id=130
- # binlog
- log-bin=slave-binlog
- log-slave-updates=1
- binlog-format=row //强烈建议,其他格式可能导致数据不一致
- # relay log
- skip-slave-start=1

- [root@linfan ~]# service mysqld restart
- Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
- Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!
- mysql> change master to
- -> master_host='192.168.24.128',
- -> master_user='repl',
- -> master_password='123456',
- -> master_port=3306,
- -> master_auto_position= 1 ;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
-
- mysql> start slave;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- mysql> show slave status\G;
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
- Master_Host: 192.168.24.128
- Master_User: repl
- Master_Port: 3306
- Connect_Retry: 60
- Master_Log_File: master-binlog.000001
- Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
- Relay_Log_File: linfan-relay-bin.000002
- Relay_Log_Pos: 375
- Relay_Master_Log_File: master-binlog.000001
- Slave_IO_Running: Yes //此处必须为yes
- Slave_SQL_Running: Yes //此处必须为yes
- Replicate_Do_DB:
- Replicate_Ignore_DB:
- Replicate_Do_Table:
- Replicate_Ignore_Table:
- Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
- Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
- Last_Errno: 0
- Last_Error:
- Skip_Counter: 0
- Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
- Relay_Log_Space: 583
- Until_Condition: None
- Until_Log_File:
- Until_Log_Pos: 0
- Master_SSL_Allowed: No
- Master_SSL_CA_File:
- Master_SSL_CA_Path:
- Master_SSL_Cert:
- Master_SSL_Cipher:
- Master_SSL_Key:
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
- Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
- Last_IO_Errno: 0
- Last_IO_Error:
- Last_SQL_Errno: 0
- Last_SQL_Error:
- Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
- Master_Server_Id: 128
- Master_UUID: 3396fe35-b1e1-11e8-81bb-000c292340f6
- Master_Info_File: /opt/data/master.info
- SQL_Delay: 0
- SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
- Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
- Master_Retry_Count: 86400
- Master_Bind:
- Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
- Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
- Master_SSL_Crl:
- Master_SSL_Crlpath:
- Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
- Executed_Gtid_Set:
- Auto_Position: 1
- Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
- Channel_Name:
- Master_TLS_Version:
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

- mysql> quit
- Bye
doudou
- mysql> create database doudou;
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
-
- mysql> show databases;
- +--------------------+
- | Database |
- +--------------------+
- | information_schema |
- | doudou |
- | mysql |
- | performance_schema |
- | sys |
- +--------------------+
- 5 rows in set (0.03 sec)
doudou
库- mysql> show databases;
- +--------------------+
- | Database |
- +--------------------+
- | information_schema |
- | doudou |
- | mysql |
- | performance_schema |
- | sys |
- +--------------------+
- 5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/13858192/2171750
Copyright © 2003-2013 www.wpsshop.cn 版权所有,并保留所有权利。