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【ElasticSearch和whoosh实现项目中搜索功能】_haystack.exceptions.missingdependency: the 'whoosh
作者：黑客灵魂 | 2024-07-21 08:26:05
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haystack.exceptions.missingdependency: the 'whoosh' backend requires the ins
说明：
我们的项目中经常会遇到搜索的功能，最近也写过搜索的功能，用具体的python项目来实现
一.单表搜索
实现对于特定表中的某些字段的模糊搜索匹配
通过用orm查询操作来实现简单真的搜索，虽然比较简单方便但是效率不高，遇到大数据量的就会非常的吃力。
Article.objects.filter(title='文章标题')
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二，全局搜索
解决数据库不能在数据量庞大高效实现全文搜索模糊匹配的，我们就选择合适的搜索引擎，现在主流的搜索引擎有：Lucene，Solr，ElasticSearch。python项目中还会经常用到一个纯python实现的全文搜索引擎whoosh，更加小巧简单。
在django项目中实现全文搜索，可以使用搜索框架haystack来实现，
haystack可以方便地在django中直接添加搜索功能，无需关注索引建立、搜索解析等细节问题。
方式一：haystack+whoosh+Jieba
安装和配置
- 安装：
pip install whoosh/django-haystack/jieba
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因为whoosh他自带的是英文分词，对中文的分词不太友好，所以我们要把jieba替代whoosh的分词组件
2. 注册到Django的INSTALLED_APPS：
3.增加搜索引擎配置
'''配置haystack '''
# 全文检索框架配置
HAYSTACK_CONNECTIONS = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'djangoblog.whoosh_cn_backend.WhooshEngine',
'PATH': os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'whoosh_index'),
},
}
# Automatically update searching index# 添加此项，当数据库改变时，会自动更新索引，非常方便
HAYSTACK_SIGNAL_PROCESSOR = 'haystack.signals.RealtimeSignalProcessor'
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- 创建搜索引
from haystack import indexes
from blog.models import Article
# 全局搜索
class ArticleIndex(indexes.SearchIndex, indexes.Indexable):
# 必须这么写
text = indexes.CharField(document=True, use_template=True)
def get_model(self):
# 重载get_model方法，必须要有！
return Article
def index_queryset(self, using=None):
return self.get_model().objects.filter(status='p')
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5.然后在template下面建立 search/indexes/
前两个目录都是固定的,第blog三层是应用的名称，一一对应上，然后建立article_text.txt,名字是刚刚指定的类名的小写加_text.txt ,这里面就是对应哪个字段建立索引。例如：
6. 搜索模板
在templates/search/下面，建立一个search.html页面
{% extends 'share_layout/base.html' %} {% load blog_tags %} {% block header %} <title>{{ SITE_NAME }} | {{ SITE_DESCRIPTION }}</title> <meta name="description" content="{{ SITE_SEO_DESCRIPTION }}"/> <meta name="keywords" content="{{ SITE_KEYWORDS }}"/> <meta property="og:type" content="blog"/> <meta property="og:title" content="{{ SITE_NAME }}"/> <meta property="og:description" content="{{ SITE_DESCRIPTION }}"/> <meta property="og:url" content="{{ SITE_BASE_URL }}"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="{{ SITE_NAME }}"/> {% endblock %} {% block content %} <div id="primary" class="site-content"> <div id="content" role="main"> {% if query %} <header class="archive-header"> <h2 class="archive-title"> 搜索：<span style="color: red">{{ query }}</span></h2> </header><!-- .archive-header --> {% endif %} {% if query and page.object_list %} {% for article in page.object_list %} {% load_article_detail article.object True user %} {% endfor %} {% if page.has_previous or page.has_next %} <nav id="nav-below" class="navigation" role="navigation"> <h3 class="assistive-text">文章导航</h3> {% if page.has_previous %} <div class="nav-previous"><a href="?q={{ query }}&page={{ page.previous_page_number }}"><span class="meta-nav">←</span> 早期文章</a></div> {% endif %} {% if page.has_next %} <div class="nav-next"><a href="?q={{ query }}&page={{ page.next_page_number }}">较新文章 <span class="meta-nav">→</span></a> </div> {% endif %} </nav><!-- .navigation --> {% endif %} {% else %} <header class="archive-header"> <h1 class="archive-title">哎呀，关键字：<span>{{ query }}</span>没有找到结果，要不换个词再试试？</h1> </header><!-- .archive-header --> {% endif %} </div><!-- #content --> </div><!-- #primary --> {% endblock %} {% block sidebar %} {% load_sidebar request.user 'i' %} {% endblock %}
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- 配置路由
我这是前后端不分离的项目
re_path(r'^search', include('haystack.urls'), name='search'),
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8.替换成jieba分词
将haystack源码复制到项目中并改名
1.复制源码中文件并改名
将 C:\python37\Lib\site-packages\haystack\backends\whoosh_backend.py文件复制到项目中
并将 whoosh_backend.py改名为 whoosh_cn_backend.py 放在APP中如：whoosh_cn_backend.py
2.修改源码中文件
在全局引入的最后一行加入jieba分词器
from jieba.analyse import ChineseAnalyzer
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修改为中文分词法
查找
analyzer=StemmingAnalyzer()
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改为
analyzer=ChineseAnalyzer()
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whoosh_cn_backend.py
# encoding: utf-8 from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals import json import os import re import shutil import threading import warnings import six from django.conf import settings from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.utils.datetime_safe import datetime from django.utils.encoding import force_str from haystack.backends import BaseEngine, BaseSearchBackend, BaseSearchQuery, EmptyResults, log_query from haystack.constants import DJANGO_CT, DJANGO_ID, ID from haystack.exceptions import MissingDependency, SearchBackendError, SkipDocument from haystack.inputs import Clean, Exact, PythonData, Raw from haystack.models import SearchResult from haystack.utils import get_identifier, get_model_ct from haystack.utils import log as logging from haystack.utils.app_loading import haystack_get_model from jieba.analyse import ChineseAnalyzer from whoosh import index from whoosh.analysis import StemmingAnalyzer from whoosh.fields import BOOLEAN, DATETIME, IDLIST, KEYWORD, NGRAM, NGRAMWORDS, NUMERIC, Schema, TEXT from whoosh.fields import ID as WHOOSH_ID from whoosh.filedb.filestore import FileStorage, RamStorage from whoosh.highlight import ContextFragmenter, HtmlFormatter from whoosh.highlight import highlight as whoosh_highlight from whoosh.qparser import QueryParser from whoosh.searching import ResultsPage from whoosh.writing import AsyncWriter try: import whoosh except ImportError: raise MissingDependency( "The 'whoosh' backend requires the installation of 'Whoosh'. Please refer to the documentation.") # Handle minimum requirement. if not hasattr(whoosh, '__version__') or whoosh.__version__ < (2, 5, 0): raise MissingDependency( "The 'whoosh' backend requires version 2.5.0 or greater.") # Bubble up the correct error. DATETIME_REGEX = re.compile( '^(?P<year>\d{4})-(?P<month>\d{2})-(?P<day>\d{2})T(?P<hour>\d{2}):(?P<minute>\d{2}):(?P<second>\d{2})(\.\d{3,6}Z?)?$') LOCALS = threading.local() LOCALS.RAM_STORE = None class WhooshHtmlFormatter(HtmlFormatter): """ This is a HtmlFormatter simpler than the whoosh.HtmlFormatter. We use it to have consistent results across backends. Specifically, Solr, Xapian and Elasticsearch are using this formatting. """ template = '<%(tag)s>%(t)s</%(tag)s>' class WhooshSearchBackend(BaseSearchBackend): # Word reserved by Whoosh for special use. RESERVED_WORDS = ( 'AND', 'NOT', 'OR', 'TO', ) # Characters reserved by Whoosh for special use. # The '\\' must come first, so as not to overwrite the other slash # replacements. RESERVED_CHARACTERS = ( '\\', '+', '-', '&&', '||', '!', '(', ')', '{', '}', '[', ']', '^', '"', '~', '*', '?', ':', '.', ) def __init__(self, connection_alias, **connection_options): super( WhooshSearchBackend, self).__init__( connection_alias, **connection_options) self.setup_complete = False self.use_file_storage = True self.post_limit = getattr( connection_options, 'POST_LIMIT', 128 * 1024 * 1024) self.path = connection_options.get('PATH') if connection_options.get('STORAGE', 'file') != 'file': self.use_file_storage = False if self.use_file_storage and not self.path: raise ImproperlyConfigured( "You must specify a 'PATH' in your settings for connection '%s'." % connection_alias) self.log = logging.getLogger('haystack') def setup(self): """ Defers loading until needed. """ from haystack import connections new_index = False # Make sure the index is there. if self.use_file_storage and not os.path.exists(self.path): os.makedirs(self.path) new_index = True if self.use_file_storage and not os.access(self.path, os.W_OK): raise IOError( "The path to your Whoosh index '%s' is not writable for the current user/group." % self.path) if self.use_file_storage: self.storage = FileStorage(self.path) else: global LOCALS if getattr(LOCALS, 'RAM_STORE', None) is None: LOCALS.RAM_STORE = RamStorage() self.storage = LOCALS.RAM_STORE self.content_field_name, self.schema = self.build_schema( connections[self.connection_alias].get_unified_index().all_searchfields()) self.parser = QueryParser(self.content_field_name, schema=self.schema) if new_index is True: self.index = self.storage.create_index(self.schema) else: try: self.index = self.storage.open_index(schema=self.schema) except index.EmptyIndexError: self.index = self.storage.create_index(self.schema) self.setup_complete = True def build_schema(self, fields): schema_fields = { ID: WHOOSH_ID(stored=True, unique=True), DJANGO_CT: WHOOSH_ID(stored=True), DJANGO_ID: WHOOSH_ID(stored=True), } # Grab the number of keys that are hard-coded into Haystack. # We'll use this to (possibly) fail slightly more gracefully later. initial_key_count = len(schema_fields) content_field_name = '' for field_name, field_class in fields.items(): if field_class.is_multivalued: if field_class.indexed is False: schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = IDLIST( stored=True, field_boost=field_class.boost) else: schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = KEYWORD( stored=True, commas=True, scorable=True, field_boost=field_class.boost) elif field_class.field_type in ['date', 'datetime']: schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = DATETIME( stored=field_class.stored, sortable=True) elif field_class.field_type == 'integer': schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = NUMERIC( stored=field_class.stored, numtype=int, field_boost=field_class.boost) elif field_class.field_type == 'float': schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = NUMERIC( stored=field_class.stored, numtype=float, field_boost=field_class.boost) elif field_class.field_type == 'boolean': # Field boost isn't supported on BOOLEAN as of 1.8.2. schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = BOOLEAN( stored=field_class.stored) elif field_class.field_type == 'ngram': schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = NGRAM( minsize=3, maxsize=15, stored=field_class.stored, field_boost=field_class.boost) elif field_class.field_type == 'edge_ngram': schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = NGRAMWORDS(minsize=2, maxsize=15, at='start', stored=field_class.stored, field_boost=field_class.boost) else: # schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = TEXT(stored=True, analyzer=StemmingAnalyzer(), field_boost=field_class.boost, sortable=True) schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = TEXT( stored=True, analyzer=ChineseAnalyzer(), field_boost=field_class.boost, sortable=True) if field_class.document is True: content_field_name = field_class.index_fieldname schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname].spelling = True # Fail more gracefully than relying on the backend to die if no fields # are found. if len(schema_fields) <= initial_key_count: raise SearchBackendError( "No fields were found in any search_indexes. Please correct this before attempting to search.") return (content_field_name, Schema(**schema_fields)) def update(self, index, iterable, commit=True): if not self.setup_complete: self.setup() self.index = self.index.refresh() writer = AsyncWriter(self.index) for obj in iterable: try: doc = index.full_prepare(obj) except SkipDocument: self.log.debug(u"Indexing for object `%s` skipped", obj) else: # Really make sure it's unicode, because Whoosh won't have it any # other way. for key in doc: doc[key] = self._from_python(doc[key]) # Document boosts aren't supported in Whoosh 2.5.0+. if 'boost' in doc: del doc['boost'] try: writer.update_document(**doc) except Exception as e: if not self.silently_fail: raise # We'll log the object identifier but won't include the actual object # to avoid the possibility of that generating encoding errors while # processing the log message: self.log.error( u"%s while preparing object for update" % e.__class__.__name__, exc_info=True, extra={ "data": { "index": index, "object": get_identifier(obj)}}) if len(iterable) > 0: # For now, commit no matter what, as we run into locking issues # otherwise. writer.commit() def remove(self, obj_or_string, commit=True): if not self.setup_complete: self.setup() self.index = self.index.refresh() whoosh_id = get_identifier(obj_or_string) try: self.index.delete_by_query( q=self.parser.parse( u'%s:"%s"' % (ID, whoosh_id))) except Exception as e: if not self.silently_fail: raise self.log.error( "Failed to remove document '%s' from Whoosh: %s", whoosh_id, e, exc_info=True) def clear(self, models=None, commit=True): if not self.setup_complete: self.setup() self.index = self.index.refresh() if models is not None: assert isinstance(models, (list, tuple)) try: if models is None: self.delete_index() else: models_to_delete = [] for model in models: models_to_delete.append( u"%s:%s" % (DJANGO_CT, get_model_ct(model))) self.index.delete_by_query( q=self.parser.parse( u" OR ".join(models_to_delete))) except Exception as e: if not self.silently_fail: raise if models is not None: self.log.error( "Failed to clear Whoosh index of models '%s': %s", ','.join(models_to_delete), e, exc_info=True) else: self.log.error( "Failed to clear Whoosh index: %s", e, exc_info=True) def delete_index(self): # Per the Whoosh mailing list, if wiping out everything from the index, # it's much more efficient to simply delete the index files. if self.use_file_storage and os.path.exists(self.path): shutil.rmtree(self.path) elif not self.use_file_storage: self.storage.clean() # Recreate everything. self.setup() def optimize(self): if not self.setup_complete: self.setup() self.index = self.index.refresh() self.index.optimize() def calculate_page(self, start_offset=0, end_offset=None): # Prevent against Whoosh throwing an error. Requires an end_offset # greater than 0. if end_offset is not None and end_offset <= 0: end_offset = 1 # Determine the page. page_num = 0 if end_offset is None: end_offset = 1000000 if start_offset is None: start_offset = 0 page_length = end_offset - start_offset if page_length and page_length > 0: page_num = int(start_offset / page_length) # Increment because Whoosh uses 1-based page numbers. page_num += 1 return page_num, page_length @log_query def search( self, query_string, sort_by=None, start_offset=0, end_offset=None, fields='', highlight=False, facets=None, date_facets=None, query_facets=None, narrow_queries=None, spelling_query=None, within=None, dwithin=None, distance_point=None, models=None, limit_to_registered_models=None, result_class=None, **kwargs): if not self.setup_complete: self.setup() # A zero length query should return no results. if len(query_string) == 0: return { 'results': [], 'hits': 0, } query_string = force_str(query_string) # A one-character query (non-wildcard) gets nabbed by a stopwords # filter and should yield zero results. if len(query_string) <= 1 and query_string != u'*': return { 'results': [], 'hits': 0, } reverse = False if sort_by is not None: # Determine if we need to reverse the results and if Whoosh can # handle what it's being asked to sort by. Reversing is an # all-or-nothing action, unfortunately. sort_by_list = [] reverse_counter = 0 for order_by in sort_by: if order_by.startswith('-'): reverse_counter += 1 if reverse_counter and reverse_counter != len(sort_by): raise SearchBackendError("Whoosh requires all order_by fields" " to use the same sort direction") for order_by in sort_by: if order_by.startswith('-'): sort_by_list.append(order_by[1:]) if len(sort_by_list) == 1: reverse = True else: sort_by_list.append(order_by) if len(sort_by_list) == 1: reverse = False sort_by = sort_by_list[0] if facets is not None: warnings.warn( "Whoosh does not handle faceting.", Warning, stacklevel=2) if date_facets is not None: warnings.warn( "Whoosh does not handle date faceting.", Warning, stacklevel=2) if query_facets is not None: warnings.warn( "Whoosh does not handle query faceting.", Warning, stacklevel=2) narrowed_results = None self.index = self.index.refresh() if limit_to_registered_models is None: limit_to_registered_models = getattr( settings, 'HAYSTACK_LIMIT_TO_REGISTERED_MODELS', True) if models and len(models): model_choices = sorted(get_model_ct(model) for model in models) elif limit_to_registered_models: # Using narrow queries, limit the results to only models handled # with the current routers. model_choices = self.build_models_list() else: model_choices = [] if len(model_choices) > 0: if narrow_queries is None: narrow_queries = set() narrow_queries.add(' OR '.join( ['%s:%s' % (DJANGO_CT, rm) for rm in model_choices])) narrow_searcher = None if narrow_queries is not None: # Potentially expensive? I don't see another way to do it in # Whoosh... narrow_searcher = self.index.searcher() for nq in narrow_queries: recent_narrowed_results = narrow_searcher.search( self.parser.parse(force_str(nq)), limit=None) if len(recent_narrowed_results) <= 0: return { 'results': [], 'hits': 0, } if narrowed_results: narrowed_results.filter(recent_narrowed_results) else: narrowed_results = recent_narrowed_results self.index = self.index.refresh() if self.index.doc_count(): searcher = self.index.searcher() parsed_query = self.parser.parse(query_string) # In the event of an invalid/stopworded query, recover gracefully. if parsed_query is None: return { 'results': [], 'hits': 0, } page_num, page_length = self.calculate_page( start_offset, end_offset) search_kwargs = { 'pagelen': page_length, 'sortedby': sort_by, 'reverse': reverse, } # Handle the case where the results have been narrowed. if narrowed_results is not None: search_kwargs['filter'] = narrowed_results try: raw_page = searcher.search_page( parsed_query, page_num, **search_kwargs ) except ValueError: if not self.silently_fail: raise return { 'results': [], 'hits': 0, 'spelling_suggestion': None, } # Because as of Whoosh 2.5.1, it will return the wrong page of # results if you request something too high. :( if raw_page.pagenum < page_num: return { 'results': [], 'hits': 0, 'spelling_suggestion': None, } results = self._process_results( raw_page, highlight=highlight, query_string=query_string, spelling_query=spelling_query, result_class=result_class) searcher.close() if hasattr(narrow_searcher, 'close'): narrow_searcher.close() return results else: if self.include_spelling: if spelling_query: spelling_suggestion = self.create_spelling_suggestion( spelling_query) else: spelling_suggestion = self.create_spelling_suggestion( query_string) else: spelling_suggestion = None return { 'results': [], 'hits': 0, 'spelling_suggestion': spelling_suggestion, } def more_like_this( self, model_instance, additional_query_string=None, start_offset=0, end_offset=None, models=None, limit_to_registered_models=None, result_class=None, **kwargs): if not self.setup_complete: self.setup() # Deferred models will have a different class ("RealClass_Deferred_fieldname") # which won't be in our registry: model_klass = model_instance._meta.concrete_model field_name = self.content_field_name narrow_queries = set() narrowed_results = None self.index = self.index.refresh() if limit_to_registered_models is None: limit_to_registered_models = getattr( settings, 'HAYSTACK_LIMIT_TO_REGISTERED_MODELS', True) if models and len(models): model_choices = sorted(get_model_ct(model) for model in models) elif limit_to_registered_models: # Using narrow queries, limit the results to only models handled # with the current routers. model_choices = self.build_models_list() else: model_choices = [] if len(model_choices) > 0: if narrow_queries is None: narrow_queries = set() narrow_queries.add(' OR '.join( ['%s:%s' % (DJANGO_CT, rm) for rm in model_choices])) if additional_query_string and additional_query_string != '*': narrow_queries.add(additional_query_string) narrow_searcher = None if narrow_queries is not None: # Potentially expensive? I don't see another way to do it in # Whoosh... narrow_searcher = self.index.searcher() for nq in narrow_queries: recent_narrowed_results = narrow_searcher.search( self.parser.parse(force_str(nq)), limit=None) if len(recent_narrowed_results) <= 0: return { 'results': [], 'hits': 0, } if narrowed_results: narrowed_results.filter(recent_narrowed_results) else: narrowed_results = recent_narrowed_results page_num, page_length = self.calculate_page(start_offset, end_offset) self.index = self.index.refresh() raw_results = EmptyResults() if self.index.doc_count(): query = "%s:%s" % (ID, get_identifier(model_instance)) searcher = self.index.searcher() parsed_query = self.parser.parse(query) results = searcher.search(parsed_query) if len(results): raw_results = results[0].more_like_this( field_name, top=end_offset) # Handle the case where the results have been narrowed. if narrowed_results is not None and hasattr(raw_results, 'filter'): raw_results.filter(narrowed_results) try: raw_page = ResultsPage(raw_results, page_num, page_length) except ValueError: if not self.silently_fail: raise return { 'results': [], 'hits': 0, 'spelling_suggestion': None, } # Because as of Whoosh 2.5.1, it will return the wrong page of # results if you request something too high. :( if raw_page.pagenum < page_num: return { 'results': [], 'hits': 0, 'spelling_suggestion': None, } results = self._process_results(raw_page, result_class=result_class) searcher.close() if hasattr(narrow_searcher, 'close'): narrow_searcher.close() return results def _process_results( self, raw_page, highlight=False, query_string='', spelling_query=None, result_class=None): from haystack import connections results = [] # It's important to grab the hits first before slicing. Otherwise, this # can cause pagination failures. hits = len(raw_page) if result_class is None: result_class = SearchResult facets = {} spelling_suggestion = None unified_index = connections[self.connection_alias].get_unified_index() indexed_models = unified_index.get_indexed_models() for doc_offset, raw_result in enumerate(raw_page): score = raw_page.score(doc_offset) or 0 app_label, model_name = raw_result[DJANGO_CT].split('.') additional_fields = {} model = haystack_get_model(app_label, model_name) if model and model in indexed_models: for key, value in raw_result.items(): index = unified_index.get_index(model) string_key = str(key) if string_key in index.fields and hasattr( index.fields[string_key], 'convert'): # Special-cased due to the nature of KEYWORD fields. if index.fields[string_key].is_multivalued: if value is None or len(value) == 0: additional_fields[string_key] = [] else: additional_fields[string_key] = value.split( ',') else: additional_fields[string_key] = index.fields[string_key].convert( value) else: additional_fields[string_key] = self._to_python(value) del (additional_fields[DJANGO_CT]) del (additional_fields[DJANGO_ID]) if highlight: sa = StemmingAnalyzer() formatter = WhooshHtmlFormatter('em') terms = [token.text for token in sa(query_string)] whoosh_result = whoosh_highlight( additional_fields.get(self.content_field_name), terms, sa, ContextFragmenter(), formatter ) additional_fields['highlighted'] = { self.content_field_name: [whoosh_result], } result = result_class( app_label, model_name, raw_result[DJANGO_ID], score, **additional_fields) results.append(result) else: hits -= 1 if self.include_spelling: if spelling_query: spelling_suggestion = self.create_spelling_suggestion( spelling_query) else: spelling_suggestion = self.create_spelling_suggestion( query_string) return { 'results': results, 'hits': hits, 'facets': facets, 'spelling_suggestion': spelling_suggestion, } def create_spelling_suggestion(self, query_string): spelling_suggestion = None reader = self.index.reader() corrector = reader.corrector(self.content_field_name) cleaned_query = force_str(query_string) if not query_string: return spelling_suggestion # Clean the string. for rev_word in self.RESERVED_WORDS: cleaned_query = cleaned_query.replace(rev_word, '') for rev_char in self.RESERVED_CHARACTERS: cleaned_query = cleaned_query.replace(rev_char, '') # Break it down. query_words = cleaned_query.split() suggested_words = [] for word in query_words: suggestions = corrector.suggest(word, limit=1) if len(suggestions) > 0: suggested_words.append(suggestions[0]) spelling_suggestion = ' '.join(suggested_words) return spelling_suggestion def _from_python(self, value): """ Converts Python values to a string for Whoosh. Code courtesy of pysolr. """ if hasattr(value, 'strftime'): if not hasattr(value, 'hour'): value = datetime(value.year, value.month, value.day, 0, 0, 0) elif isinstance(value, bool): if value: value = 'true' else: value = 'false' elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple)): value = u','.join([force_str(v) for v in value]) elif isinstance(value, (six.integer_types, float)): # Leave it alone. pass else: value = force_str(value) return value def _to_python(self, value): """ Converts values from Whoosh to native Python values. A port of the same method in pysolr, as they deal with data the same way. """ if value == 'true': return True elif value == 'false': return False if value and isinstance(value, six.string_types): possible_datetime = DATETIME_REGEX.search(value) if possible_datetime: date_values = possible_datetime.groupdict() for dk, dv in date_values.items(): date_values[dk] = int(dv) return datetime( date_values['year'], date_values['month'], date_values['day'], date_values['hour'], date_values['minute'], date_values['second']) try: # Attempt to use json to load the values. converted_value = json.loads(value) # Try to handle most built-in types. if isinstance( converted_value, (list, tuple, set, dict, six.integer_types, float, complex)): return converted_value except BaseException: # If it fails (SyntaxError or its ilk) or we don't trust it, # continue on. pass return value class WhooshSearchQuery(BaseSearchQuery): def _convert_datetime(self, date): if hasattr(date, 'hour'): return force_str(date.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')) else: return force_str(date.strftime('%Y%m%d000000')) def clean(self, query_fragment): """ Provides a mechanism for sanitizing user input before presenting the value to the backend. Whoosh 1.X differs here in that you can no longer use a backslash to escape reserved characters. Instead, the whole word should be quoted. """ words = query_fragment.split() cleaned_words = [] for word in words: if word in self.backend.RESERVED_WORDS: word = word.replace(word, word.lower()) for char in self.backend.RESERVED_CHARACTERS: if char in word: word = "'%s'" % word break cleaned_words.append(word) return ' '.join(cleaned_words) def build_query_fragment(self, field, filter_type, value): from haystack import connections query_frag = '' is_datetime = False if not hasattr(value, 'input_type_name'): # Handle when we've got a ``ValuesListQuerySet``... if hasattr(value, 'values_list'): value = list(value) if hasattr(value, 'strftime'): is_datetime = True if isinstance(value, six.string_types) and value != ' ': # It's not an ``InputType``. Assume ``Clean``. value = Clean(value) else: value = PythonData(value) # Prepare the query using the InputType. prepared_value = value.prepare(self) if not isinstance(prepared_value, (set, list, tuple)): # Then convert whatever we get back to what pysolr wants if needed. prepared_value = self.backend._from_python(prepared_value) # 'content' is a special reserved word, much like 'pk' in # Django's ORM layer. It indicates 'no special field'. if field == 'content': index_fieldname = '' else: index_fieldname = u'%s:' % connections[self._using].get_unified_index( ).get_index_fieldname(field) filter_types = { 'content': '%s', 'contains': '*%s*', 'endswith': "*%s", 'startswith': "%s*", 'exact': '%s', 'gt': "{%s to}", 'gte': "[%s to]", 'lt': "{to %s}", 'lte': "[to %s]", 'fuzzy': u'%s~', } if value.post_process is False: query_frag = prepared_value else: if filter_type in [ 'content', 'contains', 'startswith', 'endswith', 'fuzzy']: if value.input_type_name == 'exact': query_frag = prepared_value else: # Iterate over terms & incorportate the converted form of # each into the query. terms = [] if isinstance(prepared_value, six.string_types): possible_values = prepared_value.split(' ') else: if is_datetime is True: prepared_value = self._convert_datetime( prepared_value) possible_values = [prepared_value] for possible_value in possible_values: terms.append( filter_types[filter_type] % self.backend._from_python(possible_value)) if len(terms) == 1: query_frag = terms[0] else: query_frag = u"(%s)" % " AND ".join(terms) elif filter_type == 'in': in_options = [] for possible_value in prepared_value: is_datetime = False if hasattr(possible_value, 'strftime'): is_datetime = True pv = self.backend._from_python(possible_value) if is_datetime is True: pv = self._convert_datetime(pv) if isinstance(pv, six.string_types) and not is_datetime: in_options.append('"%s"' % pv) else: in_options.append('%s' % pv) query_frag = "(%s)" % " OR ".join(in_options) elif filter_type == 'range': start = self.backend._from_python(prepared_value[0]) end = self.backend._from_python(prepared_value[1]) if hasattr(prepared_value[0], 'strftime'): start = self._convert_datetime(start) if hasattr(prepared_value[1], 'strftime'): end = self._convert_datetime(end) query_frag = u"[%s to %s]" % (start, end) elif filter_type == 'exact': if value.input_type_name == 'exact': query_frag = prepared_value else: prepared_value = Exact(prepared_value).prepare(self) query_frag = filter_types[filter_type] % prepared_value else: if is_datetime is True: prepared_value = self._convert_datetime(prepared_value) query_frag = filter_types[filter_type] % prepared_value if len(query_frag) and not isinstance(value, Raw): if not query_frag.startswith('(') and not query_frag.endswith(')'): query_frag = "(%s)" % query_frag return u"%s%s" % (index_fieldname, query_frag) # if not filter_type in ('in', 'range'): # # 'in' is a bit of a special case, as we don't want to # # convert a valid list/tuple to string. Defer handling it # # until later... # value = self.backend._from_python(value) class WhooshEngine(BaseEngine): backend = WhooshSearchBackend query = WhooshSearchQuery
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'''2.修改源码中文件'''
# 在全局引入的最后一行加入jieba分词器
from jieba.analyse import ChineseAnalyzer
# 修改为中文分词法
# 查找
# analyzer=StemmingAnalyzer()
# 改为
analyzer=ChineseAnalyzer()
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即可完成了。
方式二：haystack+ES
总结：
简单的搜索可以使用SQL语句，
whoosh是纯python实现的搜索引擎。whoosh在功能和性能上是比不上ES的，项目中使用es全局搜索，我们下次再来，每天进步一点点。
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