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——马云
Github和Gitee代码同步更新:
https://github.com/PythonWebProject/Django_Fresh_Ecommerce;
https://gitee.com/Python_Web_Project/Django_Fresh_Ecommerce。
现在将DRF数据接口与前端显示相结合。
由之前的效果图和需求分析可知,首页全部商品分类需要展示一级、二级和三级分类,而在搜索结果页只展示一级和二级分类,分类有两个Vue组件,即Header中的全部商品分类和左侧的某以及类别对应的分类导航栏,也对应两个数据接口。
先在apps/goods/views.py中定义商品类别数据View如下:
from rest_framework import mixins, viewsets, filters from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend from .models import Goods, GoodsCategory from .serializers import GoodsSerializer, CategorySerializer from .filters import GoodsFilter # Create your views here. class GoodsPagination(PageNumberPagination): page_size = 10 page_size_query_param = 'page_size' page_query_param = 'p' max_page_size = 100 class GoodsListViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet): '''商品列表页,并实现分页、搜索、过滤、排序''' queryset = Goods.objects.all() serializer_class = GoodsSerializer pagination_class = GoodsPagination filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend, filters.SearchFilter, filters.OrderingFilter] filter_class = GoodsFilter search_fields = ['name', 'goods_brief', 'goods_desc'] ordering_fields = ['sold_num', 'market_price'] class CategoryViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet): '''商品分类列表数据''' queryset = GoodsCategory.objects.all() serializer_class = CategorySerializer
再在urls.py中配置路由如下:
from django.conf.urls import url, include from django.views.static import serve from rest_framework.documentation import include_docs_urls from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter import xadmin from .settings import MEDIA_ROOT from goods.views import GoodsListViewSet, CategoryViewSet # Create a router and register our viewsets with it. router = DefaultRouter() # 配置goods的路由 router.register(r'goods', GoodsListViewSet, basename='goods') # 配置categories的路由 router.register(r'categories', CategoryViewSet, basename='categories')
访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/categories/,显示:
显然,将所有的数据都发送到前端,但是根据前端的要求,不同级之间的类别具有附属和依赖的关系,而不是平级的关系,显然还没有达到效果,需要进行改进。
此时需要用到才定义模型GoodsCategory的字段parent_category时指定的related_name属性,即related_name='sub_cat'
,此属性表示可以反向引用,即通过夫类别可以通过该属性查询子类别,利用该属性实现Serializer的三层嵌套引用,从而实现类别的嵌套显示,serializers.py 如下:
from rest_framework import serializers from .models import Goods, GoodsCategory class TerCategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): '''三级商品子类别序列化''' class Meta: model = GoodsCategory fields = '__all__' class SecCategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): '''二级商品子类别序列化''' sub_cat = TerCategorySerializer(many=True) class Meta: model = GoodsCategory fields = '__all__' class CategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): '''一级商品类别序列化''' sub_cat = SecCategorySerializer(many=True) class Meta: model = GoodsCategory fields = '__all__' class GoodsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): '''商品序列化''' category = CategorySerializer() class Meta: model = Goods fields = '__all__'
此时再访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/categories/,显示:
此时,以嵌套的形式在父类别中显示出子类别,并且属于三层嵌套。
现在需要实现获取某一个具体类别的详情(包括其基本信息和子类别),此时需要在路由中加入商品对应的id,只要使CategoryViewSet继承自mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,即可自动配置路由,无需再额外配置,即views.py如下:
class CategoryViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet):
'''商品分类列表数据'''
queryset = GoodsCategory.objects.all()
serializer_class = CategorySerializer
显示:
显然,此时地址中传入指定的id,只显示该id对应的类别的信息和其子类别的信息。
在测试前需要先在fresh_online目录下执行命令cnpm run dev
启动前端项目,启动后访问http://127.0.0.1:8080,可以看到:
显然,商品分类展示完整。
为了只是单独测试某一类数据而不影响其他数据的显示,因此其他数据都通过线上接口显示、待测试的数据通过本地接口测试。
在前端项目fresh_online中,在src/api/api.js中定义了数据API接口:
import axios from 'axios'; let host = 'http://shop.projectsedu.com'; let local_host = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000'; //获取商品类别信息 export const queryCategorygoods = params => { return axios.get(`${host}/indexgoods/`) } //获取首页中的新品 export const newGoods = params => { return axios.get(`${host}/newgoods/`) } //获取轮播图 export const bannerGoods = params => { return axios.get(`${host}/banners/`) } //获取商品类别信息 export const getCategory = params => { if('id' in params){ return axios.get(`${local_host}/categorys/`+params.id+'/'); } else { return axios.get(`${local_host}/categorys/`, params); } }; //获取热门搜索关键词 export const getHotSearch = params => { return axios.get(`${host}/hotsearchs/`) } //获取商品列表 export const getGoods = params => { return axios.get(`${host}/goods/`, { params: params }) } //商品详情 export const getGoodsDetail = goodId => { return axios.get(`${host}/goods/${goodId}`+'/') } //获取购物车商品 export const getShopCarts = params => { return axios.get(`${host}/shopcarts/`) } // 添加商品到购物车 export const addShopCart = params => { return axios.post(`${host}/shopcarts/`, params) } //更新购物车商品信息 export const updateShopCart = (goodsId, params) => { return axios.patch(`${host}/shopcarts/`+goodsId+'/', params) } //删除某个商品的购物记录 export const deleteShopCart = goodsId => { return axios.delete(`${host}/shopcarts/`+goodsId+'/') } //收藏 export const addFav = params => { return axios.post(`${host}/userfavs/`, params) } //取消收藏 export const delFav = goodsId => { return axios.delete(`${host}/userfavs/`+goodsId+'/') } export const getAllFavs = () => { return axios.get(`${host}/userfavs/`) } //判断是否收藏 export const getFav = goodsId => { return axios.get(`${host}/userfavs/`+goodsId+'/') } //登录 export const login = params => { return axios.post(`${host}/login/`, params) } //注册 export const register = parmas => { return axios.post(`${host}/users/`, parmas) } //短信 export const getMessage = parmas => { return axios.post(`${host}/code/`, parmas) } //获取用户信息 export const getUserDetail = () => { return axios.get(`${host}/users/1/`) } //修改用户信息 export const updateUserInfo = params => { return axios.patch(`${host}/users/1/`, params) } //获取订单 export const getOrders = () => { return axios.get(`${host}/orders/`) } //删除订单 export const delOrder = orderId => { return axios.delete(`${host}/orders/`+orderId+'/') } //添加订单 export const createOrder = params => {return axios.post(`${host}/orders/`, params)} //获取订单详情 export const getOrderDetail = orderId => {return axios.get(`${host}/orders/`+orderId+'/')} //获取留言 export const getMessages = () => {return axios.get(`${host}/messages/`)} //添加留言 export const addMessage = params => {return axios.post(`${host}/messages/`, params, {headers:{ 'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data' }})} //删除留言 export const delMessages = messageId => {return axios.delete(`${host}/messages/`+messageId+'/')} //添加收货地址 export const addAddress = params => {return axios.post(`${host}/address/`, params)} //删除收货地址 export const delAddress = addressId => {return axios.delete(`${host}/address/`+addressId+'/')} //修改收货地址 export const updateAddress = (addressId, params) => {return axios.patch(`${host}/address/`+addressId+'/', params)} //获取收货地址 export const getAddress = () => {return axios.get(`${host}/address/`)}
其中,获取商品分类的接口为:
export const getCategory = params => {
if('id' in params){
return axios.get(`${host}/categorys/`+params.id+'/');
}
else {
return axios.get(`${host}/categorys/`, params);
}
};
显然,可以看到,如果参数中传入了id,则返回单个类别,否则返回所有类别。
而负责将类别数据显示到前端的是head.vue组件,位于src/views/head目录下,其通过赋值和循环将类别遍历出来:
<div class="main_cata" id="J_mainCata" v-show="showAllmenu"> <ul> <li class="first" v-for="(item,index) in allMenuLabel" @mouseover="overChildrenmenu(index)" @mouseout="outChildrenmenu(index)"> <h3 style="background:url(../images/1449088788518670880.png) 20px center no-repeat;"> <router-link :to="'/app/home/list/'+item.id">{{item.name}}</router-link> </h3> <div class="J_subCata" id="J_subCata" v-show="showChildrenMenu ===index" style=" left: 215px; top: 0px;"> <div class="J_subView" > <div v-for="list in item.sub_cat"> <dl> <dt> <router-link :to="'/app/home/list/'+list.id">{{list.name}}</router-link> </dt> <dd> <router-link v-for="childrenList in list.sub_cat" :key="childrenList.id" :to="'/app/home/list/'+childrenList.id">{{childrenList.name}}</router-link> </dd> </dl> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> // ... getMenu(){//获取菜单 getCategory({ params:{} }).then((response)=> { console.log(response) this.allMenuLabel = response.data }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); }); },
为了让数据在前端正常显示,还需要过滤类别数据、只显示一级类别,修改views.py如下:
class CategoryViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet):
'''
List: 显示商品所有分类列表数据
Retrieve: 获取单个商品分类详情
'''
queryset = GoodsCategory.objects.filter(category_type=1)
serializer_class = CategorySerializer
此时再访问http://127.0.0.1:8080,显示:
此时再访问,却访问不到商品分类,查看控制台提示很明显,同源策略禁止读取位于 http://127.0.0.1:8000/categorys/ 的远程资源。
,即禁止跨域访问,当前端口是 8080,而数据接口端口是8000,因此被浏览器自动拒绝,一种方式是对服务器进行设置,还有一种是通过前端代理解决,这里采用第一种方式:
首先在虚拟环境中执行pip install django-cors-headers
命令安装库,然后在后端settings.py中配置Cors:
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'apps.users.apps.UsersConfig', 'goods.apps.GoodsConfig', 'trade.apps.TradeConfig', 'user_operation.apps.UserOperationConfig', 'DjangoUeditor', 'xadmin', 'crispy_forms', 'django.contrib.admin', 'rest_framework', 'django_filters', 'corsheaders', ] MIDDLEWARE = [ 'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware', 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', ] # 跨域访问设置 CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True
此时再访问,显示:
此时不再报错,商品的各级分类也显示出来,但是可以看出来,全部分类右侧并未显示商品分类,这是因为一级分类的is_tab属性默认为False,改为True即可,可以在数据库中修改,也可以直接在后台管理系统修改。
head.vue中显示商品分类的逻辑也是通过循环实现,如下:
<template v-for="(item,index) in allMenuLabel">
<li>
<div v-if="item.is_tab">
<router-link :to="'/app/home/list/'+item.id" >{{item.name}}</router-link>
</div>
</li>
</template>
后台修改商品分类is_tab属性并刷新页面如下:
此时已经显示出商品分类。
现在进一步实现点击某一个商品分类下面显示出商品详情,具体包括分类显示、价格筛选、分页和排序等功能。
通过项目可以看到,通过搜索和点击Tab页左侧显示的导航栏是不同的,其数据接口也不一样,head.vue如下:
<div class="head_search_hot"> <span>热搜榜:</span> <router-link v-for="item in hotSearch" :to="'/app/home/search/'+item.keywords" :key="item.keywords"> {{item.keywords}} </router-link> </div> // ... <div class="main_nav_link" @mouseover="overAllmenu" @mouseout="outAllmenu"> <a class="meunAll">全部商品分类 <i class="iconfont"></i> </a> <div class="main_cata" id="J_mainCata" v-show="showAllmenu"> <ul> <li class="first" v-for="(item,index) in allMenuLabel" @mouseover="overChildrenmenu(index)" @mouseout="outChildrenmenu(index)"> <h3 style="background:url(../images/1449088788518670880.png) 20px center no-repeat;"> <router-link :to="'/app/home/list/'+item.id">{{item.name}}</router-link> </h3> <div class="J_subCata" id="J_subCata" v-show="showChildrenMenu ===index" style=" left: 215px; top: 0px;"> <div class="J_subView" > <div v-for="list in item.sub_cat"> <dl> <dt> <router-link :to="'/app/home/list/'+list.id">{{list.name}}</router-link> </dt> <dd> <router-link v-for="childrenList in list.sub_cat" :key="childrenList.id" :to="'/app/home/list/'+childrenList.id">{{childrenList.name}}</router-link> </dd> </dl> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div>
可以看到,跳转路由不同,搜索跳转到/app/home/search/
,而点击导航栏跳转到/app/home/list/
。
再查看src/router/index.js如下:
{ path: 'list/:id', name: 'list', component: list, meta: { title: '列表', need_log: false } }, { path: 'search/:keyword', name: 'search', component: list, meta: { title: '搜索', need_log: false } },
可以看到,两个路由绑定的组件是相同的,都是list,而在src/views/list/list.vue中:
getAllData () { console.log(this.$route.params) if(this.$route.params.id){ this.top_category = this.$route.params.id; this.getMenu(this.top_category); // 获取左侧菜单列表 }else{ this.getMenu(null); // 获取左侧菜单列表 this.pageType = 'search' this.searchWord = this.$route.params.keyword; } this.getCurLoc(); // 获取当前位置 this.getListData(); //获取产品列表 this.getPriceRange(); // 获取价格区间 }, getListData() { if(this.pageType=='search'){ getGoods({ search: this.searchWord, //搜索关键词 }).then((response)=> { this.listData = response.data.results; this.proNum = response.data.count; }).catch(function (error) { console.log(error); }); }else { getGoods({ page: this.curPage, //当前页码 top_category: this.top_category, //商品类型 ordering: this.ordering, //排序类型 pricemin: this.pricemin, //价格最低 默认为‘’ 即为不选价格区间 pricemax: this.pricemax // 价格最高 默认为‘’ }).then((response)=> { this.listData = response.data.results; this.proNum = response.data.count; }).catch(function (error) { console.log(error); }); } }, getMenu(id) { if(id != null){ getCategory({ id:this.$route.params.id }).then((response)=> { this.cateMenu = response.data.sub_cat; this.currentCategoryName = response.data.name }).catch(function (error) { console.log(error); }); }else { getCategory({}).then((response)=> { this.cateMenu = response.data; this.isObject = false }).catch(function (error) { console.log(error); }); } },
可以看到,针对不同的参数有不同的请求方法和参数。
请求商品列表数据使用的是getListData()
方法,调用了getGoods()
方法,为了测试获取商品,将getGoods
API进行修改如下:
//获取商品列表
export const getGoods = params => { return axios.get(`${local_host}/goods/`, { params: params }) }
同时,向后端请求的参数有一个为top_category,即表示一级类别,请求该参数则返回这一类别下的所有类别,需要在后端定义一个过滤器,需要找到该一级分类下的所有二级分及其对应的商品,后端apps/goods/filters.py如下:
import django_filters from django.db.models import Q from .models import Goods class GoodsFilter(django_filters.rest_framework.FilterSet): '''商品过滤类''' name = django_filters.CharFilter(field_name="name", lookup_expr='contains') pricemin = django_filters.NumberFilter(field_name="market_price", lookup_expr='gte') pricemax = django_filters.NumberFilter(field_name="market_price", lookup_expr='lte') top_category = django_filters.NumberFilter(method='top_category_filter') def top_category_filter(self, queryset, name, value): '''自定义过滤''' return queryset.filter(Q(category_id=value)|Q(category__parent_category_id=value)|Q(category__parent_category__parent_category_id=value)) class Meta: model = Goods fields = ['name', 'pricemin', 'pricemax']
显示:
此时,可以根据top_category进行筛选,再查看前端:
可以看到,已经实现了价格筛选、排序、分页等功能。
从之前的代码还可以看到搜索功能的实现:
if(this.pageType=='search'){
getGoods({
search: this.searchWord, //搜索关键词
}).then((response)=> {
this.listData = response.data.results;
this.proNum = response.data.count;
}).catch(function (error) {
console.log(error);
});
}
再测试搜索功能如下:
显然,已经实现了搜索功能。
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