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Java中Sort排序是非常常用的方法,这一章我们主要来认识一下Sort的用法和相关的实现。
升序排序,直接使用Arrays.Sort方法,例如:
int[] array = {10, 3, 6, 1, 4, 5, 9};
//正序排序
Arrays.sort(array);//会检查数组个数大于286且连续性好就使用归并排序,若小于47使用插入排序,其余情况使用双轴快速排序
System.out.println("升序排序:");
for (int num : array) {
System.out.println(num);
}
降序排序,对于只输出数组的情况,可以倒叙循环访问,例如:
//倒序排序
//(1)由于不提供倒排方法,你可以倒叙输出
System.out.println("降序输出:");
for (int i = array.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
System.out.println(array[i]);
}
降序排序,对于需要使用数组 的情况,可以创建一个新的数组,然后倒叙访问赋值,例如:
- //(2)或者创建一个新的数组,倒叙保存到新数组
- int[] descArray = new int[array.length];
- for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
- descArray[i] = array[array.length - i - 1];
- }
- System.out.println("新数组降序输出:");
- for (int num : descArray) {
- System.out.println(num);
- }
降序排序,可以先将数组转为集合,然后使用Collections.reverse()反转集合,但是对于非引用类型,不可以使用Arrays.asList(),因为int[]会被当作一个类型,而不是数组。
所以可以使用Guava的Ints.asList()方法实现,该转换后的集合,实现了List接口的方法,直接将数组转入内部的数组变量,需要注意它并没有实现数组的操作方法,例如调用add会报错:
转换和排序例如:
- //(3)或者使用Guava来实现
- List<Integer> integersList = Ints.asList(array);
- Collections.reverse(integersList);//冒泡交换
- System.out.println("Guava降序输出:");
- for (int num : integersList) {
- System.out.println(num);
- }
转后的集合类是Guava中的IntArrayAsList,其类UML图如下:
本小节主要是对jdk类库中的包装类排序,例如:Integer、String等,这些类都已经重写了Compare方法,都有默认排序规则,例如对于Integer类型会比较其包装的值类型大小,对于String类型会以长度最小字符串为基准,逐一比较相同位置字符的ASCII码大小,如果都相同则比较字符串的长度。
以Integer为例子,升序排序:
- //Integer集合,正序排序
- List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>(Arrays.asList(10, 3, 6, 1, 4, 5, 9));
- Collections.sort(list);
- System.out.println("集合正序排序:");
- for (Integer num : list) {
- System.out.println(num);
- }
返回:
- 集合正序排序:
- 1
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 9
- 10
降序排序:
- //倒叙排序
- Comparator<Integer> reverseComparator = Collections.reverseOrder();
- Collections.sort(list, reverseComparator);
- System.out.println("集合倒叙排序:");
- for (Integer num : list) {
- System.out.println(num);
- }
返回:
- 集合倒叙排序:
- 10
- 9
- 6
- 5
- 4
- 3
- 1
除了两节所描述的情况,我们还会遇到对于自定义类排序的情况,例如我们现在有一个学生对象,想要根据年龄对其进行排序,学生类Student如下:
- public class Student {
-
- private String name;
-
- private Integer age;
-
- public Student(String name, Integer age) {
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- }
-
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
-
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
-
- public Integer getAge() {
- return age;
- }
-
- public void setAge(Integer age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
-
- /**
- * 为了更好显示数据,我们重写toString()方法.
- * @return 显示变量的字符串
- */
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "Student{" +
- "name='" + name + '\'' +
- ", age=" + age +
- '}';
- }
- }
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(1) 第一种方式,是实现Comparable接口,重写接口方法。
该CompareTo()方法,如果指定的数与参数相等返回0;如果指定的数小于参数返回 -1;如果指定的数大于参数返回 1。
对于排序来讲,你可以认为当返回1时,指定的数和参数会进行交换,而非1时则不变,指定数可以当作原本的数组中靠前的数,而参数可以当作靠后的数,又因为只有靠前数大于靠后数时才返回1,所以大的会被放到后面,此时升序排序(方便记忆)。以此类推,倒序情况则相反。
升序排序,比Student类增加了Comparable接口,并实现升序排序:
- public class StudentAsc implements Comparable<StudentAsc> {
- private String name;
-
- private Integer age;
-
- public StudentAsc(String name, Integer age) {
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- }
-
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
-
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
-
- public Integer getAge() {
- return age;
- }
-
- public void setAge(Integer age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
-
- public int compareTo(StudentAsc o) {
- if(null == this.age) {
- return -1;
- }
- if(null == o.getAge()) {
- return 1;
- }
- return this.age.compareTo(o.getAge());
- }
-
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "StudentAsc{" +
- "name='" + name + '\'' +
- ", age=" + age +
- '}';
- }
-
- }
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方法调用:
- //正序排序,年龄为null时为小
- StudentAsc studentWang = new StudentAsc("王小二", 10);
- StudentAsc studentZhang = new StudentAsc("张三", 1);
- StudentAsc studentGou = new StudentAsc("狗子", 99);
- StudentAsc studentZhao = new StudentAsc("赵六", 40);
- StudentAsc studentLi = new StudentAsc("李四", null);
- List<StudentAsc> studentAscs = new ArrayList<StudentAsc>(Arrays.asList(studentWang, studentZhang, studentGou, studentZhao, studentLi));
- Collections.sort(studentAscs);
- System.out.println("自定义对象,升序排序:");
- for(StudentAsc studentAsc : studentAscs) {
- System.out.println(studentAsc.toString());
- }
返回:
- 自定义对象,升序排序:
- Student{name='李四', age=null}
- Student{name='张三', age=1}
- Student{name='王小二', age=10}
- Student{name='赵六', age=40}
- Student{name='狗子', age=99}
降序排序,比Student类增加了Comparable接口,并实现倒序排序:
- public class StudentDesc implements Comparable<StudentDesc> {
- private String name;
-
- private Integer age;
-
- public StudentDesc(String name, Integer age) {
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- }
-
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
-
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
-
- public Integer getAge() {
- return age;
- }
-
- public void setAge(Integer age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
-
- public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {
- return o2.compareTo(o1);
- }
-
- public int compareTo(StudentDesc o) {
- if(null == this.age) {
- return 1;
- }
- if(null == o.getAge()) {
- return -1;
- }
- return o.age.compareTo(this.getAge());
- }
-
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "StudentDesc{" +
- "name='" + name + '\'' +
- ", age=" + age +
- '}';
- }
- }
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方法调用:
- //降叙排序,年龄为null时为最大
- StudentDesc studentWang = new StudentDesc("王小二", 10);
- StudentDesc studentZhang = new StudentDesc("张三", 1);
- StudentDesc studentGou = new StudentDesc("狗子", 99);
- StudentDesc studentZhao = new StudentDesc("赵六", 40);
- StudentDesc studentLi = new StudentDesc("李四", null);
- List<StudentDesc> studentAscs = new ArrayList<StudentDesc>(Arrays.asList(studentWang, studentZhang, studentGou, studentZhao, studentLi));
- Collections.sort(studentAscs);
- System.out.println("自定义对象,降序排序:");
- for(StudentDesc studentAsc : studentAscs) {
- System.out.println(studentAsc.toString());
- }
返回:
- 自定义对象,降序排序:
- Student{name='狗子', age=99}
- Student{name='赵六', age=40}
- Student{name='王小二', age=10}
- Student{name='张三', age=1}
- Student{name='李四', age=null}
(2)第二种方式,上面实现Comparable接口的方法并不十分灵活,比如对于一个类,在不同的地方需要使用不同的排序,此时再这样做就会显的十分繁琐。因此我们可以通过Collections.sort(List<T> list, Comparator<? super T> c)方法来实现,例子中,我们使用Student类,例子如下:
升序排序:
- //升序排序
- Student studentWang = new Student("王小二", 10);
- Student studentZhang = new Student("张三", 1);
- Student studentGou = new Student("狗子", 99);
- Student studentZhao = new Student("赵六", 40);
- Student studentLi = new Student("李四", null);
- List<Student> students = new ArrayList<Student>(Arrays.asList(studentWang, studentZhang, studentGou, studentZhao, studentLi));
- Collections.sort(students, new Comparator<Student>() {
- public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
- if(null == o1.getAge()) {
- return -1;
- }
- if(null == o2.getAge()) {
- return 1;
- }
- return o1.getAge().compareTo(o2.getAge());
- }
- });
- System.out.println("自定义对象,升序排序:");
- for(Student student : students) {
- System.out.println(student.toString());
- }
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返回:
- 自定义对象,升序排序:
- Student{name='李四', age=null}
- Student{name='张三', age=1}
- Student{name='王小二', age=10}
- Student{name='赵六', age=40}
- Student{name='狗子', age=99}
降序排序:
- //降序排序
- Student studentWang = new Student("王小二", 10);
- Student studentZhang = new Student("张三", 1);
- Student studentGou = new Student("狗子", 99);
- Student studentZhao = new Student("赵六", 40);
- Student studentLi = new Student("李四", null);
- List<Student> students = new ArrayList<Student>(Arrays.asList(studentWang, studentZhang, studentGou, studentZhao, studentLi));
- Collections.sort(students, new Comparator<Student>() {
- public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
- if(null == o1.getAge()) {
- return 1;
- }
- if(null == o2.getAge()) {
- return -1;
- }
- return o2.getAge().compareTo(o1.getAge());
- }
- });
- System.out.println("自定义对象,降序排序:");
- for(Student student : students) {
- System.out.println(student.toString());
- }
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返回:
- 自定义对象,降序排序:
- Student{name='狗子', age=99}
- Student{name='赵六', age=40}
- Student{name='王小二', age=10}
- Student{name='张三', age=1}
- Student{name='李四', age=null}
至此对数组、包装类集合、自定义集合排序做了总结,希望对大家有所帮助,如果有错误或问题可以留言在下方,敬请指正。
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