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hcip实验5：ospf综合实验

作者：AllinToyou | 2024-04-22 06:28:40

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hcip实验5：ospf综合实验

实验拓扑：

实验目的：

1、R4为ISP，其上只配置IP地址；R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP；
2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点；
3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分；除了R12有两个环回，其他路由器均有一个环回IP
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回；
5、减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全；
6、全网可达

实验思路：

1.划分IP地址（如实验拓扑图所示）

2.配置IP地址

3.配置内网通和公网通，搭建MGRE环境

4.配置nat easy ip能够访问R4的环回

5.ABR/ASBR汇总

6.设特殊区域

7.更改hello时间加快收敛

8.配置认证保证安全

实验配置：

IP配置：


#R1配置
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.1 24 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24
 
#R2配置
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 24 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.2 24
 
#R3配置
[R3]int se4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.3 24
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 24
[R3]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.3 24
 
#R4配置
[R4]int se4/0/0
[R4-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.4 24
[R4-Serial4/0/0]int se4/0/1
[R4-Serial4/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.4 24
[R4-Serial4/0/1]int se3/0/0
[R4-Serial3/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.4 24
[R4-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.4 24
[R4]int LoopBack 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.4 24
 
#R5配置
[R5]int se4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.5 24
[R5]int LoopBack 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.5 24
 
#R6配置
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.1 30
[R6]int se4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.6 24
[R6-Serial4/0/0]int l0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.6 24
 
#R7配置
[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.7 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.5.7 24
 
#R8配置
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.2 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.5 30
[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.98.8 24
 
#R9配置
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.6 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.9 24
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.9 24
 
#R10配置
[R10]int l0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.10 24
[R10-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.10 24
 
#R11配置
[R11]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.5 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.11 24
 
#R12配置
[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add  172.16.65.6 30
[R12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.1 24
[R12-LoopBack1 ]ip add 172.16.161.1 24

MGRE配置：


#R3配置（R3为中心站点）
[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.3 24
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol p2mp
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.3
 
#R5配置
[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.5 24
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial4/0/0
 
#R6配置
[R6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.6 24
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 	
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial4/0/0
 
#R7配置
[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.7 24	
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 	
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
 
 
#NHRP的配置
#中心站点（R3）配置：
[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/0	
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
 
#R5配置
[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register
 
#R6配置
[R6]int Tunnel 0/0/0	
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register 
 
#R7配置
[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0	
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100	
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register 
 
#指向R4的静态缺省
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4
[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4
[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4
[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4

宣告隧道地址：


 
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
 
[R5]ospf 1
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
 
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
 
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

更改接口类型：


[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast 
 
[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast 
 
[R6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast 
 
[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

取消分支站点的被选举资格：


[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

查看中心站点NHRP表：

测试公网通:

RIP配置


[R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]v 2
[R12-rip-1]undo summary 
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
 
#R12中将域外路由引入域内
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip

OSPF配置

area 1


[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]ar	
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.34.1 0.0.0.0
 
#R2配置
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.35.2 0.0.0.0
 
#R3配置
[R3]ospf 1	
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.36.3 0.0.0.0

area 0


#R5配置
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255
 
#R6配置
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
 
#R7配置
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255

area 2


#R6配置
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
 
#R11配置
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.66.0 0.0.0.255
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.2 0.0.0.0
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.5 0.0.0.0
 
#R12配置
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0

area 3


#R7配置
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
 
#R8配置
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.2 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.5 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.98.0 0.0.0.255
 
#R9配置
 
 
#R10配置
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.129.10 0.0.0.0
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.131.0 0.0.0.255

不同进程之间分别引入路由：


[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[R9-ospf-1]q
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1

各私网建邻情况：

area 1

area 2

area 3

area 4

配置nat easy ip能够访问R4的环回


[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3]int s 4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
[R5]acl 2000
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R5]int s 4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6]int s 4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
[R7]acl 2000
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

私网的ip还是不能够访问公网上R4的环回地址，因为公网口的地址并没有宣告进私网（这里需要下发一条默认缺省让其他路由器能够访问公网口----在配置特殊区域后会自动下发默认缺省）

路由聚合

ABR汇总：


area 1
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
 
area 2
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
 
area 3
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0

ASBR汇总：


[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
 
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0

配置特殊区域

area 1配置为totally stub


[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 
 
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 
 
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

设置后的路由表和lsdb表：

area 2配置为totally nssa


[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary 
 
[R11]ospf 1
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary 
 
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

area 3配置为totally nssa


[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary 
 
[R8]ospf 1
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary 
 
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

各个区域都依靠缺省路由去访问公网，R10无法学习到其他的路由而导致其无法访问公网

在R9上面给R10下发一条默认缺省：


[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise

从这里看到有一条默认缺省指向R9

加快收敛(修改hello时间或是修改death时间，一般情况修改hello时间，这里以修改hello时间为例)

area 0：


[R3]int t0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 
[R5]int t0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 
[R6]int t0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 
[R7]int t0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

area 1：


[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

area 2：


[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
 
[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R11]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
 
[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

area 3：


[R7]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
 
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R8]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
 
[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

area 4：


[R9]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
 
[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

配置认证保证安全（在ospf下做区域验证或是接口验证，这里以区域验证为例）

area 0：


[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123
 
[R5]ospf 1
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123
 
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123
 
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

area 1：


[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123
 
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123
 
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

area 2：


[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123
 
[R11]ospf 1
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123
 
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

area 3：


[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123
 
[R8]ospf 1
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123
 
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

area 4：


[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]a 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123
 
[R10]ospf 2
[R10-ospf-2]a 4
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123

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