Ubuntu 20.04 - 安装 OpenJDK 8_ubuntu安装openjdk8

Ubuntu 版本信息：

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Ubuntu
Description:	Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS
Release:	20.04
Codename:	focal
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安装 OpenJDK 8

在开始安装之前，可以使用 java -version 命令检查是否安装过 JDK（第 1 行），如果返回如下信息（第 3 ~ 10 行），则该系统中大概率没有安装 JDK：

$ java -version

Command 'java' not found, but can be installed with:

sudo apt install default-jre              # version 2:1.11-72, or
sudo apt install openjdk-11-jre-headless  # version 11.0.13+8-0ubuntu1~20.04
sudo apt install openjdk-13-jre-headless  # version 13.0.7+5-0ubuntu1~20.04
sudo apt install openjdk-16-jre-headless  # version 16.0.1+9-1~20.04
sudo apt install openjdk-17-jre-headless  # version 17.0.1+12-1~20.04
sudo apt install openjdk-8-jre-headless   # version 8u312-b07-0ubuntu1~20.04
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使用 sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk 命令安装 OpenJDK（第 1 行）：

$ sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  ca-certificates-java fonts-dejavu-extra java-common libatk-wrapper-java
  libatk-wrapper-java-jni libice-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libsm-dev
  libx11-dev libxau-dev libxcb1-dev libxdmcp-dev libxt-dev
  openjdk-8-jdk-headless openjdk-8-jre openjdk-8-jre-headless
  x11proto-core-dev x11proto-dev xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev
Suggested packages:
  default-jre libice-doc libsm-doc libx11-doc libxcb-doc libxt-doc
  openjdk-8-demo openjdk-8-source visualvm icedtea-8-plugin
  fonts-ipafont-gothic fonts-ipafont-mincho fonts-wqy-microhei
  fonts-wqy-zenhei
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  ca-certificates-java fonts-dejavu-extra java-common libatk-wrapper-java
  libatk-wrapper-java-jni libice-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libsm-dev
  libx11-dev libxau-dev libxcb1-dev libxdmcp-dev libxt-dev openjdk-8-jdk
  openjdk-8-jdk-headless openjdk-8-jre openjdk-8-jre-headless
  x11proto-core-dev x11proto-dev xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev
0 upgraded, 21 newly installed, 0 to remove and 181 not upgraded.
Need to get 43.5 MB of archives.
After this operation, 162 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 java-common all 0.72 [6,816 B]
Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 openjdk-8-jre-headless amd64 8u312-b07-0ubuntu1~20.04 [28.2 MB]
Get:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 ca-certificates-java all 20190405ubuntu1 [12.2 kB]                                                                                             
Get:4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 fonts-dejavu-extra all 2.37-1 [1,953 kB]                                                                                                       
Get:5 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libatk-wrapper-java all 0.37.1-1 [53.0 kB]                                                                                                     
Get:6 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libatk-wrapper-java-jni amd64 0.37.1-1 [45.1 kB]                                                                                               
Get:7 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 xorg-sgml-doctools all 1:1.11-1 [12.9 kB]                                                                                                      
Get:8 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 x11proto-dev all 2019.2-1ubuntu1 [594 kB]                                                                                                      
Get:9 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 x11proto-core-dev all 2019.2-1ubuntu1 [2,620 B]                                                                                                
Get:10 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libice-dev amd64 2:1.0.10-0ubuntu1 [47.8 kB]                                                                                                  
Get:11 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libpthread-stubs0-dev amd64 0.4-1 [5,384 B]                                                                                                   
Get:12 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libsm-dev amd64 2:1.2.3-1 [17.0 kB]                                                                                                           
Get:13 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libxau-dev amd64 1:1.0.9-0ubuntu1 [9,552 B]                                                                                                   
Get:14 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libxdmcp-dev amd64 1:1.1.3-0ubuntu1 [25.3 kB]                                                                                                 
Get:15 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 xtrans-dev all 1.4.0-1 [68.9 kB]                                                                                                              
Get:16 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libxcb1-dev amd64 1.14-2 [80.5 kB]                                                                                                            
Get:17 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libx11-dev amd64 2:1.6.9-2ubuntu1.2 [647 kB]                                                                                          
Get:18 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libxt-dev amd64 1:1.1.5-1 [395 kB]                                                                                                            
Get:19 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 openjdk-8-jre amd64 8u312-b07-0ubuntu1~20.04 [69.9 kB]                                                                            
Get:20 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 openjdk-8-jdk-headless amd64 8u312-b07-0ubuntu1~20.04 [8,295 kB]                                                                  
Get:21 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 openjdk-8-jdk amd64 8u312-b07-0ubuntu1~20.04 [2,969 kB]                                                                           
Fetched 43.5 MB in 4min 53s (148 kB/s)                                                                                                                                                                    
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Setting up ca-certificates-java (20190405ubuntu1) ...
head: cannot open '/etc/ssl/certs/java/cacerts' for reading: No such file or directory
Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_2_G3.pem
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done.
Setting up openjdk-8-jre:amd64 (8u312-b07-0ubuntu1~20.04) ...
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update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/schemagen to provide /usr/bin/schemagen (schemagen) in auto mode
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update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jmap to provide /usr/bin/jmap (jmap) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jstatd to provide /usr/bin/jstatd (jstatd) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jhat to provide /usr/bin/jhat (jhat) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jdb to provide /usr/bin/jdb (jdb) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/serialver to provide /usr/bin/serialver (serialver) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jfr to provide /usr/bin/jfr (jfr) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/wsgen to provide /usr/bin/wsgen (wsgen) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jcmd to provide /usr/bin/jcmd (jcmd) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jarsigner to provide /usr/bin/jarsigner (jarsigner) in auto mode
Setting up openjdk-8-jdk:amd64 (8u312-b07-0ubuntu1~20.04) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/appletviewer to provide /usr/bin/appletviewer (appletviewer) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jconsole to provide /usr/bin/jconsole (jconsole) in auto mode
Processing triggers for fontconfig (2.13.1-2ubuntu3) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.24-1ubuntu3) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.36.0-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for ca-certificates (20210119~20.04.1) ...
Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs...
0 added, 0 removed; done.
Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d...

done.
done.
Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.29.1) ...
Setting up x11proto-dev (2019.2-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libxau-dev:amd64 (1:1.0.9-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libice-dev:amd64 (2:1.0.10-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libsm-dev:amd64 (2:1.2.3-1) ...
Setting up libxdmcp-dev:amd64 (1:1.1.3-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up x11proto-core-dev (2019.2-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libxcb1-dev:amd64 (1.14-2) ...
Setting up libx11-dev:amd64 (2:1.6.9-2ubuntu1.2) ...
Setting up libxt-dev:amd64 (1:1.1.5-1) ...
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安装完成，使用 java -version 命令验证 OpenJDK 是否安装成功：

$ java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_312"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_312-8u312-b07-0ubuntu1~20.04-b07)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.312-b07, mixed mode)
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参考

How to download and install prebuilt OpenJDK packages

如何在 Ubuntu 20.04 上安装 Java