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Docker常用命令（三）

作者：Gausst松鼠会 | 2024-02-10 10:51:52

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docker常用命令

官方帮助文档： https://docs.docker.com/reference/

帮助命令

docker version 		# 显示docker版本信息
docker info 		# 显示docker系统系统信息，镜像以及容器数量等信息
docker 命令 --help	# 帮助命令

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镜像命令

docker images 查看本地的所有镜像

# docker images 查看本地的所有镜像
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   3 months ago   13.3kB

# 命令参数含义
REPOSITORY	# 镜像仓库源
TAG			# 镜像的标签，版本
IMAGE ID	# 镜像的ID,唯一表示
CREATED		# 镜像的创建时间
SIZE		# 镜像的大小

# 可选项
  -a, --all  	# 列出所有镜像
  -q, --quiet   # 只显示镜像ID


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docker search 查找镜像

# docker search 查找镜像
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz /]# docker search mysql
NAME     DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql    MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11931     [OK]       
mariadb  MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4561      [OK]   

# 命令参数含义
NAME           # 镜像仓库
DESCRIPTION    # 镜像描述信息
STARS          # 镜像收藏数
OFFICIAL       # 是否为docker官方发布的镜像
AUTOMATED      # 是否为自动化构建的镜像，关于自动化构建，可以查看官方文档：https://docs.docker.com/docker-hub/builds/#how-automated-builds-work

# 可选项
  --filter=STARS=5000	# 查找收藏数量大于5000的镜像
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz /]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11931     [OK]   

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docker pull 拉去镜像

# 直接拉去镜像，默认拉去最新版本（目前为8.0）  docker pull 镜像名
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest			# 最新版本镜像
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete 		# 分层下载，docker镜像核心（联合文件系统）
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 
1c04857f594f: Pull complete 
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete 
e0431212d27d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest		# 镜像真实地址

# 等价关系
docker pull mysql 等价于 docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

# 拉去指定版本的镜像	docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz /]# docker pull mysql:5.7  
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists 		# 本地已经存在的文件层就不用在此下载了
93619dbc5b36: Already exists 
99da31dd6142: Already exists 
626033c43d70: Already exists 
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists 
ac563158d721: Already exists 
d2ba16033dad: Already exists 
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 
37f2405cae96: Pull complete 
e2482e017e53: Pull complete 
70deed891d42: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

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docker rmi 删除镜像

# 删除指定容器 docker rmi 镜像ID 
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz /]# docker rmi c20987f18b13  
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Deleted: sha256:c20987f18b130f9d144c9828df630417e2a9523148930dc3963e9d0dab302a76 # 只删除了当前版本（mysql5.7）所下载的文件层
Deleted: sha256:6567396b065ee734fb2dbb80c8923324a778426dfd01969f091f1ab2d52c7989
Deleted: sha256:0910f12649d514b471f1583a16f672ab67e3d29d9833a15dc2df50dd5536e40f
Deleted: sha256:6682af2fb40555c448b84711c7302d0f86fc716bbe9c7dc7dbd739ef9d757150
Deleted: sha256:5c062c3ac20f576d24454e74781511a5f96739f289edaadf2de934d06e910b92

# [root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz /]# docker rmi 镜像ID   				#删除指定镜像
# [root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz /]# docker rmi 镜像ID 镜像ID ...   	   #删除多个镜像
# [root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz /]# docker rmi $(docker images -aq)  #删除所有镜像

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容器命令

说明：有了镜像才可以运行容器
创建容器并运行

# docker run [:可选参数] image

# 命令参数含义
--name="容器名称"	# 自定义容器名称，用于区别容器
-d				  	# 后台运行
-it 				# 使用交互模式运行，进入容器
-p 					# 指定容器端口
	-p ip:宿主机端口：容器端口
	-p 宿主机端口：容器端口
	-p 容器端口
-P 					# 随机指定端口

# 启动并进入容器
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# docker run  -it centos /bin/bash

# 查看容器内centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的
[root@e901f5c1bb19 /]# ls 
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

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列出容器

# docker ps 查看正在运行的容器 

# 命令参数含义
-a 		# 列出所有容器，正在运行或者曾经运行过的容器
-q 		# 只显示容器ID
-n=? 	# 显示最近创建的n个容器

# 列出所有容器，正在运行或者曾经运行过的容器
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
e901f5c1bb19   centos    "/bin/bash"   15 minutes ago   Exited (0) 12 minutes ago             hardcore_lumiere

# 只显示容器ID
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# docker ps -aq
e901f5c1bb19

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退出容器

# 容器直接停止并退出
[root@d130c281ffda /]# exit
exit

# 容器不停止退出
ctrl + P + Q

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删除容器

# docker rm 容器ID  # 删除指定容器，不能删除正在运行的容器
# docker rm $(docker ps -aq)  # 删除所有容器
# docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器

# 命令参数含义
-f 		# 强制删除

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启动和停止容器

# 启动容器
docker start 容器ID
# 重启容器
docker restart 容器ID
# 停止容器
docker stop 容器ID
# 杀掉容器
docker kill 容器ID

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常用其他命令

# docker run -d 镜像名
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# docker run -d centos
fc830aac6336e17519f9accdeed4044ca8e6dfd4e154e330ccb20b1d1f942446
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

# 问题发现centos容器停止服务了
# docker 容器后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，如果docker发现没有前台进程（发现自己没有提供服务），就会自动停止

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查看日志

# docker logs  查看日志

# 命令参数含义
-t 		# 显示时间
-f		# 跟随后面输出
--tail number # 显示日志条数

# 自己编写脚本，给容器产生日志
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo hello;sleep 1;done"
1d8871af69b8e9af5ee87408bb44174d200d495b34446e1cddd74386219c389e

[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
1d8871af69b8   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   4 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds             vigilant_stonebraker

# 显示指定行数的日志
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 1d8871af69b8
2022-01-27T06:23:07.012102433Z hello
2022-01-27T06:23:08.014861362Z hello
2022-01-27T06:23:09.017736082Z hello
2022-01-27T06:23:10.020569062Z hello
2022-01-27T06:23:11.023493607Z hello
2022-01-27T06:23:12.026329502Z hello
2022-01-27T06:23:13.028983898Z hello
2022-01-27T06:23:14.031762196Z hello
2022-01-27T06:23:15.034481038Z hello
2022-01-27T06:23:16.037208524Z hello
2022-01-27T06:23:17.039934137Z hello

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查看容器中进程信息

# docker top 容器ID
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# docker top 1d8871af69b8
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                13903               13883               0                   14:12               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/bash -c while true;do echo hello;sleep 1;done
root                15303               13903               0                   14:34               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

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查看容器元数据

# docker inspect 容器ID   # 查看容器元数据
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
1d8871af69b8   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   27 minutes ago   Up 27 minutes             vigilant_stonebraker


[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# docker inspect 1d8871af69b8
[
    {
        "Id": "1d8871af69b8e9af5ee87408bb44174d200d495b34446e1cddd74386219c389e",
        "Created": "2022-01-27T06:12:58.891983751Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo hello;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 13903,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-01-27T06:12:59.250173547Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1d8871af69b8e9af5ee87408bb44174d200d495b34446e1cddd74386219c389e/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1d8871af69b8e9af5ee87408bb44174d200d495b34446e1cddd74386219c389e/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1d8871af69b8e9af5ee87408bb44174d200d495b34446e1cddd74386219c389e/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1d8871af69b8e9af5ee87408bb44174d200d495b34446e1cddd74386219c389e/1d8871af69b8e9af5ee87408bb44174d200d495b34446e1cddd74386219c389e-json.log",
        "Name": "/vigilant_stonebraker",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/98a89cd325a33f0ac20d86bf88c5cd059727a6761e0928a37287a012d82d9f5d-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a8011aebf9123d59bd43b8761692d590193d497f27a463f6d7bf04c2254f2fb5/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/98a89cd325a33f0ac20d86bf88c5cd059727a6761e0928a37287a012d82d9f5d/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/98a89cd325a33f0ac20d86bf88c5cd059727a6761e0928a37287a012d82d9f5d/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/98a89cd325a33f0ac20d86bf88c5cd059727a6761e0928a37287a012d82d9f5d/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "1d8871af69b8",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo hello;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "07e93fa1f40aa7b96e93b66f53d82c1d576d2f1629db2fc4486dfbe1bf118b50",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/07e93fa1f40a",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "d2a03795f3efa0e17da4f5453b903dd871c4dcc94f42da1fb145d6025780157e",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "f5a7484f80718a2fda725bc9a8fb430c930fadc92302bdfe6cd1aca5b5ecb04b",
                    "EndpointID": "d2a03795f3efa0e17da4f5453b903dd871c4dcc94f42da1fb145d6025780157e",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

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进入当前正在运行的容器

# 容器通常都是在后台运行，需要进入容器，来修改容器信息

# 方式1
# docker exec -it 容器ID bashshell
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# docker exec -it 1d8871af69b8 /bin/bash
[root@1d8871af69b8 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  
sys  tmp  usr  var

# 方式二
# docker attach 容器ID 
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# docker attach 1d8871af69b8
hello
hello
hello
hello
hello

# docker exec		# 进入容器后开启一个新的终端
# docker attach		# 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会开启新的进程

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从容器内拷贝文件到宿主机上

# docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 宿主机路径
# 查看当前运行的容器
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
5de99785ed6d   centos    "/bin/bash"   53 seconds ago   Up 52 seconds             blissful_antonelli

# 进入docker容器内部
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# docker attach 5de99785ed6d
[root@5de99785ed6d /]# ll 
bash: ll: command not found
[root@5de99785ed6d /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

# 容器内部创建文件
[root@5de99785ed6d /]# touch test.java

# 退出容器
[root@5de99785ed6d /]# read escape sequence

# 拷贝容器内部文件到宿主机
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# docker cp 5de99785ed6d:/test.java /root
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan 27 15:33 test.java
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# pwd
/root
[root@izuf6akcgealirj602cmxsz ~]# 

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命令小结

img

attach    Attach to a running container        			#当前she11下attach 连接指定运行镜像
build    Build an image from a Dockerfile        		#通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit    Create a new image from a container changes   #提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp    Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path   #从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
create    Create a new container        				#创建一个新的容器，同run,但不启动容器
diff    Inspect changes on a container's filesystem     #查看docker 容器变化
events    Get rea1 time events from the server        	#从docker 服务获取容器实时事件
exec    Run a command in an existing container        	#在已存在的容器上运行命令
export    Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive   #导出容器的内容流作为一个tar 归档文件[对应import ]
history    show the history of an image        			#展示一个镜像形成历史
images    List images        							#列出系统当前镜像
import    Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarba1l     #从tar包 中的内容创建-一个新的文件系统映像[对应export]
info    Display system-wide informati on        		#显示系统相关信息
inspect    Return 1ow-1evel information on a container  #查看容器详细信息
kill    Ki11 a running container        				# kill指定docker容器
load    Load an image from a tar archive        		#从一个tar包中加载一个镜像[对应save]
login    Register or Login to the docker registry server   #注册或者登陆一个docker源服务器
logout    Log out from a Docker registry server        	#从当前Docker registry 退出
logs    Fetch the 1ogs of a container        			#输出当前容器日志信息
port    Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_ PORT    #查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
pause    Pause a11 processes within a container        	#暂停容器
ps    List containers        							#列出容器列表
pull    Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server     # 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
push    Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server        #推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
restart    Restart a running container        			#重启运行的容器
rm    Remove one or more containers    					#移除一个或者多个容器
rmi    Remove one or more i mages        				#移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除，否则需删除相关容才可继续或-f强制删除]
run    Run a command in a new container        			#创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
save    Save an image to a tar archive    				#保存一个镜像为一个tar包[对应1oad]
search    Search for an image on the Docker Hub        	#在docker hub中搜索镜像
start    Start a stopped containers        				#启动容器
stop    Stop a running containers        				#停止容器
tag    Tag an image into a repository    				#给源中镜像打标签
top    Lookup the running processes of a container   	#查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause    Unpause a paused container        			#取消暂停容器
version    Show the docker vers ion informati on        #查看docker版本号
wait     Block uyntil a container stops，then print its exit code   #截取容器停止时的退出状态值

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