赞
踩
死信队列是一种特殊的消息队列,用来存储无法被正常消费的消息,常被用来实现延迟处理,异常消息处理等,提高了系统的可伸缩性和容错性,能够应对高并发和异常消息。
死信队列中的消息被称为死信消息,用来分发死信消息的交换机被称为死信交换机(Dead Letter Exchange,DLX)。
死信队列在实际项目中的应用场景有很多如:
package com.hong.rabbitmq9; import com.hong.utils.RabbitMQUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType; import com.rabbitmq.client.CancelCallback; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * @Description: 死信队列消费者1 * @Author: hong * @Date: 2024-01-17 21:04 * @Version: 1.0 **/ public class Consumer1 { //正常交换机名称 public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange"; //死信交换机名称 public static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange"; //正常队列名称 public static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal_queue"; //死信队列名称 public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Channel channel = RabbitMQUtil.getChannel(); channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT); channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT); channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE,false,false,false,null); channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE,DEAD_EXCHANGE,"lisi"); //正常队列绑定死信队列信息 Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("x-dead-letter-exchange",DEAD_EXCHANGE); map.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi"); //声明正常队列 channel.queueDeclare(NORMAL_QUEUE,false,false,false,map); channel.queueBind(NORMAL_QUEUE,NORMAL_EXCHANGE,"zhangsan"); System.out.println("Consumer1等待接收消息:"); DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (comsumerTag, message) -> { System.out.println( "routingKey:" + message.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + ",消息:" + new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); }; CancelCallback cancelCallback = var -> { }; channel.basicConsume(NORMAL_QUEUE,true,deliverCallback,cancelCallback); } }
package com.hong.rabbitmq9; import com.hong.utils.RabbitMQUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP; import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; /** * @Description: 死信队列消息生产者 * @Author: hong * @Date: 2024-01-17 20:49 * @Version: 1.0 **/ public class Producer { public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange"; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Channel channel = RabbitMQUtil.getChannel(); channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT); //设置消息的 TTL 时间 10s AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties() .builder().expiration("10000").build(); //该信息是用作演示队列个数限制 for (int i = 1; i < 11; i++) { String message = "info" + i; channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan", properties, message.getBytes()); System.out.println("生产者发送消息:" + message); } } }
启动消费者1后马上关闭消费者1,模拟消费者1接收不到消息,再启动生产者
生产者发送10条正常队列中有10条消息
10s后正常队列中的消息由于没有消费者消费进入死信队列中
package com.hong.rabbitmq9; import com.hong.utils.RabbitMQUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType; import com.rabbitmq.client.CancelCallback; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * @Description: 死信队列-死信消费者 * @Author: hong * @Date: 2024-01-17 21:31 * @Version: 1.0 **/ public class Consumer2 { public static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange"; public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Channel channel = RabbitMQUtil.getChannel(); channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT); channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE,false,false,false,null); channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE,DEAD_EXCHANGE,"lisi"); System.out.println("Consumer2等待接收死信消息:"); DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (comsumerTag, message) -> { System.out.println( "routingKey:" + message.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + ",消息:" + new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); }; CancelCallback cancelCallback = var -> { }; channel.basicConsume(DEAD_QUEUE,true,deliverCallback,cancelCallback); } }
启动消费者2,使其消费死信队列中的消息
以上代码是TTL,队列达到最大长度只要将上述代码稍微改动一下即可
package com.hong.rabbitmq9; import com.hong.utils.RabbitMQUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP; import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; /** * @Description: 死信队列消息生产者 * @Author: hong * @Date: 2024-01-17 20:49 * @Version: 1.0 **/ public class Producer { public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange"; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Channel channel = RabbitMQUtil.getChannel(); channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT); //设置消息的 TTL 时间 10s // AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties() // .builder().expiration("10000").build(); //该信息是用作演示队列个数限制 for (int i = 1; i < 11; i++) { String message = "info" + i; channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan", null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println("生产者发送消息:" + message); } } }
package com.hong.rabbitmq9; import com.hong.utils.RabbitMQUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType; import com.rabbitmq.client.CancelCallback; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * @Description: 死信队列消费者1 * @Author: hong * @Date: 2024-01-17 21:04 * @Version: 1.0 **/ public class Consumer1 { //正常交换机名称 public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange"; //死信交换机名称 public static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange"; //正常队列名称 public static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal_queue"; //死信队列名称 public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Channel channel = RabbitMQUtil.getChannel(); channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT); channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT); channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE,false,false,false,null); channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE,DEAD_EXCHANGE,"lisi"); //正常队列绑定死信队列信息 Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("x-dead-letter-exchange",DEAD_EXCHANGE); map.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi"); map.put("x-max-length",8); //声明正常队列 channel.queueDeclare(NORMAL_QUEUE,false,false,false,map); channel.queueBind(NORMAL_QUEUE,NORMAL_EXCHANGE,"zhangsan"); System.out.println("Consumer1等待接收消息:"); DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (comsumerTag, message) -> { System.out.println( "routingKey:" + message.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + ",消息:" + new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); }; CancelCallback cancelCallback = var -> { }; channel.basicConsume(NORMAL_QUEUE,true,deliverCallback,cancelCallback); } }
启动消费者1后立马关闭,模拟队列已满
package com.hong.rabbitmq9; import com.hong.utils.RabbitMQUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType; import com.rabbitmq.client.CancelCallback; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * @Description: 死信队列消费者1 * @Author: hong * @Date: 2024-01-17 21:04 * @Version: 1.0 **/ public class Consumer1 { //正常交换机名称 public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange"; //死信交换机名称 public static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange"; //正常队列名称 public static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal_queue"; //死信队列名称 public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Channel channel = RabbitMQUtil.getChannel(); channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT); channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT); channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE,false,false,false,null); channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE,DEAD_EXCHANGE,"lisi"); //正常队列绑定死信队列信息 Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("x-dead-letter-exchange",DEAD_EXCHANGE); map.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi"); // map.put("x-max-length",8); //声明正常队列 channel.queueDeclare(NORMAL_QUEUE,false,false,false,map); channel.queueBind(NORMAL_QUEUE,NORMAL_EXCHANGE,"zhangsan"); System.out.println("Consumer1等待接收消息:"); DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (comsumerTag, message) -> { String msg = new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8); if("info3".equals(msg) || "info6".equals(msg) || "info9".equals(msg)){ System.out.println("被Consumer1拒绝的消息:" + msg); //拒绝消息并且没有重新入队 channel.basicReject(message.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } System.out.println( "Consumer1接收的消息:" + msg); }; CancelCallback cancelCallback = var -> { }; //手动应答 channel.basicConsume(NORMAL_QUEUE,false,deliverCallback,cancelCallback); } }
启动消费者1后不关闭再启动生产者
info3,info6,info9进入死信队列
启动消费者2将其消费
Copyright © 2003-2013 www.wpsshop.cn 版权所有,并保留所有权利。