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src="https://cdn.wpsshop.cn/public/wpsshopindex/js/detail01tj.js?v=531890" ></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.wpsshop.cn/public/wpsshopindex/css/mid_detail_last.css?v=3890" type="text/css"><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.wpsshop.cn/public/wpsshopindex/js/mid_detail_last.js?v=33890"></script><style type="text/css"></style><script type="text/javascript"></script><div class="interactive_info" id="body-data-0098" attrv="87891"></div><div class="article_box" style="overflow: hidden;"><div class="article_channel"><div class="channel_top_line"><div class="cn_t_l"></div><div class="cn_t_r"></div></div><div class="article_channel_info">当前位置: <a href="/article/list/1">article</a> > 正文 </div></div><div class="article_title"><h1>Oracle数据库加密与安全</h1></div><div class="article_info"><div class="article_c_info"> 作者：IT小白 | 2024-07-27 00:39:01</div><div class="article_click" style="width: 140px;"><p class="operation-b-img operation-b-img-active"><i class="img-up txclick" attc="upclick" attn="0"></i><span class="num"> 赞</span></p><p class="operation-b-img operation-b-img-active"><i class="img-down txclick" attc="downclick" attn="0"></i><span class="num">踩</span></p></div></div><div class="article_intro">Oracle数据库加密与安全</div><div class="article_content article_contentheight"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/mdeditor/css/editerView/kdoc_html_views-1a98987dfd.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/mdeditor/css/editerView/ck_htmledit_views-044f2cf1dc.css"> <div id="content_views" class="htmledit_views"> <h2><a name="t0"></a>Wallet简介：</h2> <h5>Oracle Wallet(即内部<a href="https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020" target="_blank" class="hl hl-1" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7020","dest":"https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020","extra":"{\"searchword\":\"加密\"}"}" data-tit="加密" data-pretit="加密">加密</a>技术TDE( Transparent DataEncryption）</h5> <h5>TDE是 Oracle10gR2中推出的一个新功能,使用时要保证Oracle版本是在10gR2或者以上</h5> <h2><a name="t1"></a></h2> <h2><a name="t2"></a>Wallet配置：</h2> <h5>1.创建一个新目录，并指定为Wallet目录</h5> <div> /home/oracle/ora_wallet </div> <div> <img alt="" height="51" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/27b5fd6fab184945af16afdf9d66188e.png" width="665"> </div> <div></div> <h5>2.设置wallet目录，在参数文件sqlnet.ora中，按照下面的格式加入信息</h5> <div></div> <div> <pre data-index="0" class="set-code-show" name="code"><code class="hljs language-cobol"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:100%"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">ENCRYPTION_WALLET_<span class="hljs-keyword">LOCATION</span><span class="hljs-operator">=</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">(SROUCE<span class="hljs-operator">=</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">METHOD</span><span class="hljs-operator">=</span><span class="hljs-keyword">FILE</span>)(<span class="hljs-keyword">METHOD</span>_<span class="hljs-keyword">DATA</span><span class="hljs-operator">=</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> (DIRECTORY<span class="hljs-operator">=</span><span class="hljs-operator">/</span>home<span class="hljs-operator">/</span>oracle<span class="hljs-operator">/</span>ora_wallet)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> )</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">)</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)"></div></pre> <p><img alt="" height="414" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/60f0598afa774cdfb6f8a0fde6c4f02f.png" width="929"></p> <p></p> <h5>3.创建maset key文件，指定wallet密码，使用sys用户登入系统，建立加密文件</h5> <pre data-index="1" class="set-code-show" name="code"><code class="hljs language-cobol">alter system <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span> encryption <span class="hljs-keyword">key</span> identified <span class="hljs-keyword">by</span> oracle<span class="hljs-number">1</span>;</code><div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)"></div></pre> <p><img alt="" height="354" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/cabd98d9ccd64a13a920c337e5eba413.png" width="926"></p> </div> <div> 4.启动，关闭Wallet </div> <div></div> <div> 启动： </div> <div> <pre data-index="2" class="set-code-show" name="code"><code class="hljs language-sql"><span class="hljs-keyword">alter</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">system</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span> encryption wallet <span class="hljs-keyword">open</span> identified <span class="hljs-keyword">by</span> oracle1;</code><div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)"></div></pre> <p>关闭：</p> <p>到此 Wallet配置成功，创建了master key 。</p> <p></p> </div> <h2><a name="t3"></a>使用Wallet对数据进行加密</h2> <div> 加密数据列： </div> <div> 对数据列加密是TDE一个常用的功能。常需要对数据库中某个表的某个敏感数据进行加密处理,防止信息的外泄。 </div> <div></div> <div></div> <div> 首先,在定义数据表中的数据列(或者修改数据列)的时候,使用ENCRYPT进行标注。表示这个字段是使用加密保护的重要数据。 </div> <div></div> <div> <span style="color:#fe2c24;"><strong>注意不能对sys模式下拥有的对象进行加密：</strong></span> </div> <div></div> <div> <img alt="" height="180" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/83dd698d46ba4a7383aac0398e196d07.png" width="663"> </div> <div></div> <div></div> <div> <img alt="" height="300" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/f66ef6db6b0847fc921907bda4f79759.png" width="1015"> </div> <div></div> <div> 现在对sal这一列进行加密 </div> <div> <img alt="" height="114" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/90b12b8884d6440ba52f6f945e4859e8.png" width="687"> <p>再次查看：</p> <p><img alt="" height="533" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/e7ab4632fb6a407d8df13c65e2cb2992.png" width="973"></p> <p></p> <p>可以看到此时仍然可以看到数据，原因是因为钱包已经打开了。</p> <p></p> <p>我们把钱包关掉：</p> <p><img alt="" height="378" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/a48e962567734389bf5bc14bb8e626c4.png" width="841"></p> <p></p> <p>再次查看：</p> <p><img alt="" height="183" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/60d2c33e468d4ce3b0c6605cd42127fd.png" width="679"></p> <p>可以看到已经不允许被查看了。</p> <h2><a name="t4"></a>表空间加密</h2> <h5>1、表空间加密( Tablespace encryption)加密整个表空间,创建在加密表空间中的所有对象自动加密。</h5> <h5>2、表空间加密保护整个表空间中的数据的安全,如:数据文件或数据文件备份若被窃取,没有密钥不可能查看到其中的数据,这对于保护诸如军用级别的数据、his系统的病人数据等非常重要</h5> <h5>3、表空间加密( Tablespace encryption)使用透明数据加密结构( transparent data encryption architecture)也就是使用与 ide(transparentdata encryption)类似的方法。表空间加密的密钥再次由一个称为主密钥的密钥二次加密,主密钥存储在 wallet中。加密后的表空间加密的密钥存储在数据库中的字典表中。</h5> <h5>4、对加密数据的操作过程中,加密数据同样受到保护：加入访问表空间里面加密的数据，数据在undo表空间，redo log中都会被加密。</h5> <h5>5、不能对已经在使用的表空间进行加密,但是可以通过向加密表空间中利用 data pump导入数据,或使用 create table, as select.或 alter table.move,把已经存在数据转储到加密表空间</h5> <h4><a name="t5"></a>实例：</h4> <h5>1.设置主密钥，主密钥存储在wallet中</h5> <div> <pre data-index="3" class="set-code-show" name="code"><code class="hljs language-cobol"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:100%"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">ENCRYPTION_WALLET_<span class="hljs-keyword">LOCATION</span><span class="hljs-operator">=</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">(SROUCE<span class="hljs-operator">=</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">METHOD</span><span class="hljs-operator">=</span><span class="hljs-keyword">FILE</span>)(<span class="hljs-keyword">METHOD</span>_<span class="hljs-keyword">DATA</span><span class="hljs-operator">=</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> (DIRECTORY<span class="hljs-operator">=</span><span class="hljs-operator">/</span>home<span class="hljs-operator">/</span>oracle<span class="hljs-operator">/</span>ora_wallet)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> )</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">)</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)"></div></pre> <p>和之前的配置相同。</p> <h5>2.打开Wallet</h5> </div> <div> <img alt="" height="125" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/01ff4c9b8b4c45fd83ff6d770fc039aa.png" width="964"> </div> <h5>3.创建加密表空间算法：</h5> <h6>加密算法包括:其中可以指定加密算法,也可以不指定加密算法,默认使用AES128算法。3DES168、AES128、AES192、AES256</h6> <div> 查看当前表空间是否是加密的： </div> <div> <img alt="" height="335" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/c066837429724a1f81a2bb69d8cf50ee.png" width="942"> </div> <h5>4.创建加密表空间：</h5> </div> <div></div> <div> <img alt="" height="185" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/95f2a9089e79429c8498a4a575d4bee1.png" width="899"> </div> <div> 再次查看表空间加密情况： </div> <div></div> <div> <img alt="" height="347" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/2f3c977cf66f4524bcb77db26d1ae302.png" width="900"> </div> <div></div> <div> 创建一个表指定在该加密表空间中： </div> <div></div> <div></div> <div> <img alt="" height="102" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/7928e53a3dd24ac1add812b219027e8c.png" width="896"> </div> <div></div> <div></div> <div> 如果现在把钱包关掉，理想情况应该是看不见该表的数据了，如下图。 </div> <div></div> <div> <img alt="" height="260" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/9ccf26d3aec24e11b5f8c8d2afe69e71.png" width="898"> </div> <div></div> <div></div> <h2><a name="t6"></a>加密表空间备份和恢复</h2> <div></div> <div> <span style="color:#fe2c24;">注意，只有钱包打开的时候才能备份加密的表空间，restore的时候也是如此。</span> </div> <div></div> <div></div> <div> <img alt="" height="653" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/40756d9a96dd434f847645e37fb369d8.png" width="1115"> </div> <div></div> <div></div> <div> 模拟删除数据文件，加密表空间被误删除。 </div> <div></div> <div> <img alt="" height="93" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/6adc583d78054693bb27e089a8f092fb.png" width="966"> </div> <div></div> <div> 数据文件恢复完毕如图： </div> <div></div> <div></div> <div> <img alt="" height="772" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/6d62293048244351a6b9de0c5be1d787.png" width="1086"> </div> <div></div> <div> 正常启动数据库 </div> <div></div> <div> <img alt="" height="359" src="https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/78b9fe70474748609e00ff905ac2a629.png" width="900"> </div> </div><div data-report-view="{"mod":"1585297308_001","spm":"1001.2101.3001.6548","dest":"https://blog.csdn.net/dnuiking/article/details/140381712","extend1":"pc","ab":"new"}"><div></div></div> <div><div><span>声明：</span>本文内容由网友自发贡献，不代表【wpsshop博客】立场，版权归原作者所有，本站不承担相应法律责任。如您发现有侵权的内容，请联系我们。转载请注明出处：<a href="https://www.wpsshop.cn/w/IT小白/article/detail/887891">https://www.wpsshop.cn/w/IT小白/article/detail/887891</a></div></div></div><div class="article_recommend"><div class="list_top">推荐阅读</div><div class="ListItems"><ul class="NewsList"><li><div class="NewTitle"><a title="article" class="cat" href="/article/list/1" target="_blank">article<i></i></a><a title="Oracle 故障处理合辑_ora00603 01092 00600" href="/w/寸_铁/article/detail/869961" target="_blank"><em>Oracle</em> 故障处理合辑<em>_</em><em>ora00603</em> 01092 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