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本文主要利用 Go 语言对区块链模型进行了简单的实现,通过 GoLand 创建链式结构和一个简单的 http server,对外暴露读写接口,运行 rpc 并以地址访问形式向区块链发送数据和读取数据。
简单区块链的实现大致步骤分为:
(1)创建 Block
(2)创建 Blockchain
(3)创建 Http server
在实现之前,首先通过 GoLand 创建 blockchainDemo 项目,并建立对应的 Block.go
、Blockchain.go
以及 Server.go
文件,具体的目录如下。
package core import ( "crypto/sha256" "encoding/hex" "time") type Block struct { Index int64 // 区块编号 Timestamp int64 // 区块时间戳 PrevBlochHash string // 上一个区块哈希值 Hash string // 当前区块哈希值 Data string // 区块数据 } // calculateHash 计算哈希值 func calculateHash(b Block) string { blockData := string(b.Index) + string(b.Timestamp) + b.PrevBlochHash + b.Data hashInBytes := sha256.Sum256([]byte(blockData)) return hex.EncodeToString(hashInBytes[:]) } // GenerateNewBlock 创建新区块 func GenerateNewBlock(preBlock Block, data string) Block { newBlock := Block{} newBlock.Index = preBlock.Index + 1 newBlock.PrevBlochHash = preBlock.Hash newBlock.Timestamp = time.Now().Unix() newBlock.Data = data newBlock.Hash = calculateHash(newBlock) return newBlock } // GenerateGenesisBlock 创建世纪区块 func GenerateGenesisBlock() Block { preBlock := Block{} preBlock.Index = -1 preBlock.Hash = "" return GenerateNewBlock(preBlock, "Genesis Block") }
这里需要注意的是,在创建世纪区块时,考虑到对 GenerateNewBlock 函数的复用,因此,创建了一个 preBlock 来辅助世纪块的创建,实际区块链上世纪块前面不存在其他区块,且世纪块以 0 作为索引。
package core import ( "fmt" "log") type Blockchain struct { Blocks []*Block } // CreateBlockchain 创建区块链 func CreateBlockchain() *Blockchain { genesisBlock := GenerateGenesisBlock() blockchain := Blockchain{} blockchain.AppendBlock(&genesisBlock) return &blockchain } // SendData 向区块链添加数据 func (bc *Blockchain) SendData(data string) { preBlock := bc.Blocks[len(bc.Blocks)-1] newBlock := GenerateNewBlock(*preBlock, data) bc.AppendBlock(&newBlock) } // AppendBlock 向区块链添加新区块 func (bc *Blockchain) AppendBlock(newBlock *Block) { if len(bc.Blocks) == 0 { bc.Blocks = append(bc.Blocks, newBlock) return } if isValid(*newBlock, *bc.Blocks[len(bc.Blocks)-1]) { bc.Blocks = append(bc.Blocks, newBlock) } else { log.Fatal("invalid block") } } // 判断新添加的区块是否合法 func isValid(newBlock Block, oldBlock Block) bool { if newBlock.Index-1 != oldBlock.Index { return false } if newBlock.PrevBlochHash != oldBlock.Hash { return false } if calculateHash(newBlock) != newBlock.Hash { return false } return true } // Print 对区块链上的区块内容进行打印 func (bc *Blockchain) Print() { for _, block := range bc.Blocks { fmt.Printf("Index: %d\n", block.Index) fmt.Printf("Prev.Hash: %s\n", block.PrevBlochHash) fmt.Printf("Curr.Hash: %s\n", block.Hash) fmt.Printf("Data: %s\n", block.Data) fmt.Printf("Timestamp: %d\n", block.Timestamp) } }
package main import ( "blockchainDemo/core" "encoding/json" "io" "net/http") var blockchain *core.Blockchain func run() { http.HandleFunc("/blockchain/get", blockchainGetHandler) http.HandleFunc("/blockchain/write", blockchainWriteHandler) http.ListenAndServe("localhost:8888", nil) } // 读接口 func blockchainGetHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { bytes, err := json.Marshal(blockchain) if err != nil { http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError) return } io.WriteString(w, string(bytes)) } // 写接口 func blockchainWriteHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { blockData := r.URL.Query().Get("data") blockchain.SendData(blockData) blockchainGetHandler(w, r) } func main() { blockchain = core.CreateBlockchain() run() }
在 GoLand 上运行 http server,从代码中可知监听端口为 8888,因此,读写操作对应的地址是:
http://localhost:8888/blockchain/get
http://localhost:8888/blockchain/write?data=Send 1 BTC to Me
参数 data 的内容可自定义
// 网页显示效果 { "Blocks":[ { "Index":0, "Timestamp":1674227301, "PrevBlochHash":"", "Hash":"90d7d6d9adc8a6dd4eca1e30d8c1a8556a8e3e508da81f30a9e520c2ee7124b0", "Data":"Genesis Block" }, { "Index":1, "Timestamp":1674227338, "PrevBlochHash":"90d7d6d9adc8a6dd4eca1e30d8c1a8556a8e3e508da81f30a9e520c2ee7124b0", "Hash":"1a7c54ce0eaba45d5591640925405d90e74d9da5fa919b4e6eefa2447b2a4fb0", "Data":"Send 1 BTC to Me" } ] }
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